Answer:
Introduction
Does cell cycle control matter? If you ask an oncologist – a doctor who treats cancer patients – she or he will likely answer with a resounding yes.
Cancer is basically a disease of uncontrolled cell division. Its development and progression are usually linked to a series of changes in the activity of cell cycle regulators. For example, inhibitors of the cell cycle keep cells from dividing when conditions aren’t right, so too little activity of these inhibitors can promote cancer. Similarly, positive regulators of cell division can lead to cancer if they are too active. In most cases, these changes in activity are due to mutations in the genes that encode cell cycle regulator proteins.
Here, we’ll look in more detail at what's wrong with cancer cells. We'll also see how abnormal forms of cell cycle regulators can contribute to cancer.
What’s wrong with cancer cells?
Cancer cells behave differently than normal cells in the body. Many of these differences are related to cell division behavior.
For example, cancer cells can multiply in culture (outside of the body in a dish) without any growth factors, or growth-stimulating protein signals, being added. This is different from normal cells, which need growth factors to grow in culture.
Cancer cells may make their own growth factors, have growth factor pathways that are stuck in the "on" position, or, in the context of the body, even trick neighboring cells into producing growth factors to sustain them^1
1
start superscript, 1, end superscript.
Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to growth factor presence or absence.
- Normal cells in a culture dish will not divide without the addition of growth factors.
- Cancer cells in a culture dish will divide whether growth factors are provided or not.
Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to growth factor presence or absence.
Normal cells in a culture dish will not divide without the addition of growth factors.
Cancer cells in a culture dish will divide whether growth factors are provided or not.
Cancer cells also ignore signals that should cause them to stop dividing. For instance, when normal cells grown in a dish are crowded by neighbors on all sides, they will no longer divide. Cancer cells, in contrast, keep dividing and pile on top of each other in lumpy layers.
The environment in a dish is different from the environment in the human body, but scientists think that the loss of contact inhibition in plate-grown cancer cells reflects the loss of a mechanism that normally maintains tissue balance in the body^2
2
squared.
Another hallmark of cancer cells is their "replicative immortality," a fancy term for the fact that they can divide many more times than a normal cell of the body. In general, human cells can go through only about 40-60 rounds of division before they lose the capacity to divide, "grow old," and eventually die^3
3
cubed.
Cancer cells can divide many more times than this, largely because they express an enzyme called telomerase, which reverses the wearing down of chromosome ends that normally happens during each cell division^4
4
start superscript, 4, end superscript.
Cancer cells are also different from normal cells in other ways that aren’t directly cell cycle-related. These differences help them grow, divide, and form tumors. For instance, cancer cells gain the ability to migrate to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis, and to promote growth of new blood vessels, a process called angiogenesis (which gives tumor cells a source of oxygen and nutrients). Cancer cells also fail to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under conditions when normal cells would (e.g., due to DNA damage). In addition, emerging research shows that cancer cells may undergo metabolic changes that support increased cell growth and division^5
5
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Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to conditions that would typically trigger apoptosis.
- A normal cell with unfixable DNA damaged will undergo apoptosis.
- A cancer cell with unfixable DNA damage will not undergo apoptosis and will instead continue dividing.
Explanation:
The rate at which blood flows through the human body can change in response to multiple factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and the effect it has on blood flow?
A. The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to faster blood flow
B. High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to faster blood flow.
C. Low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.
D. The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and leads to faster blood flow.
Explain why this is the correct answer and why the other ones are wrong:
Answer:
B
viscosity of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and
leads to slow blood flow
Explanation:
Viscosity refers to the thickness of blood. This thickness is caused by the number of red
blood cells. Thick blood travels through blood vessels at a slower rate than thin blood
In the presence of oxygen, _____ molecules of ATP can be formed during cellular respiration.
A. 36 to 38
B. 19 to 24
C. 2 to 4
D. 63 to 68
E. 38 to 42
Which is true of both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?
A. Sugars are formed
B. Both take up carbon dioxide
C. They require enzymes
D. Oxygen is a reactant
E. Oxygen is a product
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
For answer A, only aerobic respiration can form sugar, photosynthesis forms ATP. Answer B, only photosynthesis takes up carbon dioxide, aerobic respiration takes up oxygen. Answer D, oxygen is a reactant only during aerobic respiration. Answer E, oxygen is only one of the product of photosynthesis, not aerobic respiration❤️
Hope this will help~Have a good day
Which of the following descriptions is MOST plausible for an ancestor of bats? An animal with-
A: two limbs and webbed toes.
B: a long tail that ate insects and lived in forests.
C: four limbs and a membrane consistent with gliding.
D: four fins that glided through the water.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Four limbs and a membrane consistent with gliding are the structures found in ancestors of bats. Therefore, option (C) is correct
What is patagium?A membrane called the patagium helps animals glide or fly. Bats, birds, dromaeosaurs, pterosaurs, gliding mammals, flying lizards, and flying frogs have the structure. The uropatagium (particularly in bats) or interfemoral membrane connects an animal's hind limbs.
Bats' wing skin extends from the abdomen to the tip of each digit, connecting the forelimb to the body. Bat patagiums have four parts:
Propatagium: neck-to-first-digit patagium.Dactylopatagium: digits.Plagiopatagium: between final digit and hindlimbs.Uropatagium: posterior flap between hindlimbs.Therefore, option (C) is correct.
Learn more about Bats, here:
https://brainly.com/question/3406200
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What does it mean when there’s an increase of white blood cells in the body?
A) Nothing, the amount always varies
B) There is no oxygen in the body
C) Your body just finished fighting an infection
D) There is an infection in the body
Answer:
D
Explanation:
White Blood Cells Increase When Someone is Fighting an Infection or Sickness
nutrients are transported to the organs of the bloodstream by which system
Answer:
The blood circulatory system delivers nutrients and oxygen.
Explanation:
¿Pueden los icebergs ser considerados como
un tipo de glaciar?
Answer:
La diferencia entre un iceberg y un glaciar es que el iceberg es la pieza de un glaciar que se desprende (o se rompe) cuando las temperaturas suben. Los glaciares están formados por una gran masa de mezcla de nieve y hielo que cubre el fondo del valle de una cadena montañosa.
Explanation:
Explain how humans are able to produce one type of hemoglobin as they develop in utero, then produce another to use after birth
Answer:
Hemoglobin F has a different composition from the adult forms of hemoglobin, which allows it to bind (or attach to) oxygen more strongly. This way, the developing fetus is able to retrieve oxygen from the mother's bloodstream, which occurs through the placenta found in the mother's uterus.
Which problem do you think contributes most to water scarcity?
Answer:
QUESTION:
Which problem do you think contributes most to water scarcity?
ANSWER:
Water shortages may be caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns including droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water. A water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted water within a region is less than that region's demand.
Explanation:
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How can the appearance of white baby rabbits be explained when the mother has white fur, and the father has black fur?
Explanation:
because the baby rabbit took after its mother and the
4. Write the complementary DNA strand for the given strand of DNA.
a. CATAAGCACTTAGGC -
b. CCAGAGTAGCCAGGT-
help plss huhuhu i need answer
Answer: A. GTATTCGTGAATCCG
B: GGTCTCATCGGTCCA
Explanation:
G goes with C and A goes with T
Remember with a song:
Apples go in trees, Cars in the garage
30. Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.
B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
C. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
Answer:
D. The reaction are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing
hope it helps
Earth's core is the source of the energy that drives the movement of tectonic plates. Which two processes help transfer this energy outward to earth's crust?
Answer:The two processes are CONDUCTION and CONVECTION
Explanation:
The Energy produced in the Earth core is generated by Sun, gravitational force , radioactive decay, and the Earth' rotation, To maintain balance in the earth, The processes of CONDUCTION and CONVECTION transfer energy (HEAT) to Earth's interior, which also helps the movement of tectonic plates at a constant rate.
Now, inside the earth mantle is made up of hot solid rock and because Conduction occurs more in solids, Its currents helps the continuous transfer of heat energy from the warmer mantle at the bottom to the cooler mantle at the top While Convection currents in the core move thermal energy causing the rising and sinking of warm and cooler molten rock inside Earth, thereby maintaining the motion of tectonic plates and creating a balance in the earth.
Answer:
Conduction and Convection
Explanation:
PLSS HELP ME!! NO LINKS!!
*fill in the blanks*
______ formation is caused by
dripping water shaping upside down
cones from cave roofs. This is an example
of________
(weathering, erosion,
or deposition)
________ formation is caused by a small amount of minerals dripping in the dissolved water during stalactite formation. This is an example of______ (weathering, erosion, or deposition)
Plss help me:(( i will give you BRAINLYEST!!
Answer:
1 stalactite
2 deposition
3 stalagmite
4 deposition
Explanation:
please fill out! desperately need very soon!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
nxm ZQM
Explanation:
XM AM
The male rabbit's genotype is __________ and the female rabbit's genotype is __________
Answer:
male is XY female is XX
Explanation:
Worth 26 points! Help me please! Do 1,2,3 by filling in the blank!!!! And I will make you brainest!
And don’t answer just to get points or I am reporting you
and no website
Answer:
Not to sure but try this...
1st blank try (white dots)
2nd blank try (black dots)
3rd blank try (red dots)
Hope this helps!!!
Have a good night!!!! :)
Answer:
1. Glucose
2. Glucose
3. Glucose
lol it's all the same answer I found it online
Explanation:
hope this helps ^^
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iding Page
Links
The world's coasts are being urbanized at a very rapid rate. It is estimated that more than
half of today's world population live in coastal areas and this number continues to rise.
Coastal areas are also the most visited by tourists across the globe. Which of the following
threats to the ocean is most likely NOT posed by human actions?
ince Syllabus 2020.doc
ence
ve your OneNote
Your answer:
Project
ket 04/14
tion in the Atmosphere
O Pollution of marine resources
O Damaged coral reefs
Higher hurricane wind speed
O Damaged sea turtle nesting sites
CIAS
11:21 AM
4/14/2021
mo
Answer:
Higher hurricane wind speed
Cell city diagram feature components
Answer:
The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life's processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles. Read on to explore more insights on cell structure and function.
5 Erosion and deposition are often discussed
together. Which statement most accu-
rately describes their difference?
A Erosion wears material away, and
deposition moves the material.
B Erosion moves weathered material, and
deposition resettles it.
C Erosion wears material away, and
deposition resettles it.
D Erosion and deposition are not
different; both describe moving
weathered material.
Answer:
Erosion wears material away, and
deposition resettles it.
Which of the following causes the change in seasons on Earth?
A.
the spinning of the Earth on its axis, and the Earth revolving around the Sun
B.
the Earth revolving around the Sun, and the moon revolving around the Earth
C.
the tilting of the Earth on its axis, and the Earth revolving around the Sun
D.
the tilting of the Earth on its axis, and the sun revolving around the Earth
Answer:
the answer is c
Explanation:
I learned it befo3
How do actin and myosin work together to move a muscle?
Answer:
I don't know
Kwoeieu3iejdhd
Compare and contrast the frog's external anatomy with that of a mammal. State design advantages is has for its lifestyle.
Answer:
[tex]\color{Blue}\huge\boxed{Answer} [/tex]
Human body has muscular partition called as diaphragm to separate abdomen by chest frog lacks it.Explanation:
Frogs do not have outer ear which mammals have.
Frog is an amphibian
Integumentary system to protect skin from external environment., mammals have glandular skin.
skin to inhabit water habitat skin has glands, hair, mammary gland and fur
Frogs have two forelimbs and two hind limbs. mammals have 4 forelimbs.
presence of cloaca for waste, sperm and egg release while mammals have anus, urethra and genital openings for the purpose.
ADVANTAGES OF EXTERNAL FEATURES IN LIFESTYLE:
The frogs body id designed streamlined for swimming as presence of flat skull, no neck and small waist.
The skin allows exchange of gases and allows them to breathe through skin.
Powerful hind legs assist them in jumps.
they have 3 eyelid membrane that helps them see in water or land.
help-- multiple choice!
Biogenic sediment is made of at least 30 percent...
acidic chemicals
alkaline properties
limestone or other rock
skeletal remains
Answer:
The answer is the last one, skeletal remains
Answer: Skeletal remains
The series of membrane-bound channels between the nuclear and
cell membranes, serving as a cellular transport system is the
o plasma membrane
O nucleus
o endoplasmic reticulum
Answer:
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Explanation:
The Endoplasmic Reticulum also includes ribosomes attached to the membrane and can produce protein.
I hope this helps you! :)
true or false
A niche includes just the biotic parts of an environment
Answer: Im pretty sure its true
Explanation:
An organisms niche includes its environment, behaviors, and interactions. It also includes its role within the environment.
Which of the following is used as biochemical evidence for evolution? *
a. Similarities in bone structures
b. Similarities in DNA
c. Fossil record
d. Similarities in eye function
what makes a thing non living?
Answer:
which does not breath
Explanation:
What level of organization is shown in the image
Explain, using complete sentences, the trend in levels of blood glucose from 11:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
In your answer use the following terms:
[Feedback mechanism] [stimulus] [response] [positive or negative]
Answer:insulin and glucose
