The alleles of each individual's genotype originate from their parents. Each parent contributes one allele of each gene to the offspring, forming a unique combination of alleles.
This combination of alleles is known as a genotype. A genotype is made up of two alleles, one from each parent. Alleles are variations of genes, which are the instructions for making proteins in a cell. These instructions are passed from parents to their offspring, and the combination of alleles is what makes each individual unique.
All of the alleles that make up an individual's genotype come from their parents, each parent contributing a unique set of alleles. This is why siblings may look similar but still be genetically distinct from one another.
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Which two viral characteristics provide evidence to support the
argument that viruses are more similar to living components than to
nonliving components of an ecosystem?
A. Viruses contain genetic material.
B. Viruses are made of cells.
c. Viruses use and store energy to grow.
D. Viruses reproduce independently.
E. Viruses evolve through mutation and natural selection
Viruses share several characteristics with living organisms, such as containing genetic material, being made of cells, using and storing energy to grow, reproducing independently, and evolving through mutation and natural selection.
Here, all the options are correct.
This evidence reveals that viruses are capable of many of the same functions as living organisms. For example, viruses use and store energy to power their growth and evolution, just like living organisms. They also possess genetic material and can reproduce independently, which is a trait shared by all living organisms.
Additionally, viruses can mutate and evolve, which is a necessary component for the continued survival of any species. These evidence-based characteristics demonstrate that viruses are more similar to living components than to nonliving components of an ecosystem.
Therefore, all the options are correct.
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Basic body color for wolves is influenced by several genes, one of which has several different alleles. Two of these alleles-white coat and black coat-display incomplete dominance. A wolf is heterozygous for these two alleles displays a gray coat. Is it possible to produce a line of pure-breeding gray wolves? Why or why not?
Incomplete dominance: blended traits
The answer is no, it is not possible to produce a line of pure-breeding gray wolves.
This is because the gray coat color is a result of heterozygous pairing (having two different alleles) of the white coat and black coat alleles. In order to have a pure-breeding line, the individuals must have homozygous pairing (having two copies of the same allele) for the specific trait. Since the gray coat color is a result of incomplete dominance between the white coat and black coat alleles, it cannot be a pure-breeding trait.
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a small amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a . question 15 options: large increase in resistance slight increase in resistance large decrease in resistance slight decrease in resistance
A small amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts Slight decrease in resistance therefore the correct option is D.
Vasodilation refers to the enlargement of a blood vessel, due to relaxation of its smooth muscle cells. This can be caused by several factors, such as hormones like adrenaline, chemical mediators like nitric oxide, and even stretching of the vessel itself.
When an arteriole undergoes vasodilation, it results in a decrease in resistance across the arteriole wall. As a result, blood flow through the artery is increased. However, this increase in flow is typically accompanied by a slight increase in resistance due to decreased vascular tone and less efficient flow through the artery.
Hence the correct option is D.
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The karyotype of a trisomic individual is symbolized as ____.
Answer:
2n+1.
Explanation:
The karotype of a trisomic individual is symbolized as 2n+1.
Pls help and pls don't waste my points
1. What data did the tests on the purified substance produce? How did this data further support the hypothesis that DNA is the transforming factor?
2. Procedure
Description of Evidence
Transformation Test
Purification Procedure
Identification Tests
3. What data did the purification stage produce? How did this data help identify the transforming substance?
The purification stage of genetic transformation involves separating and isolating the transforming substance from the other components of the original sample.
1: This process typically involves several different tests, including identification tests and transformation tests, to determine the nature and properties of the substance in question.
2. Procedure: One of the primary types of tests used during the purification stage is the transformation test, which involves exposing a sample of the purified substance to a recipient organism and observing whether genetic transformation occurs. This can help to confirm whether the purified substance is indeed capable of inducing genetic changes, and can provide valuable insights into its mechanism of action.
Identification tests may also be used during the purification stage to help determine the chemical or biological properties of the transforming substance. These tests may include techniques such as mass spectrometry or DNA sequencing, which can provide detailed information about the structure and composition of the substance.
3: Overall, the data produced during the purification stage can be used to identify and characterize the transforming substance, providing important insights into its potential applications and mechanisms of action. However, it is important to note that this process can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, so researchers should be prepared to invest significant effort into the purification stage of genetic transformation.
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Discuss how human impact on the environment that could lead to a change in an organism's dna and alter the growth and reproduction of individuals. please provide an example of an organism.
Answer:
A human impact such as increased land use can lead to changes in different organisms DNA. As we take up more space and destroy increasing numbers of habitats to build infrastructure and places to live for the growing population, organisms are forced to relocate to new habitats and ecosystems. Because of this, there organisms are introduced to a new food web, which can alter how they interact with their environment. If they are competing with another breed of animal who is able to obtain a certain food source and they are not because of a certain feature on their bodies, throughout the process of evolution they could develop that trait that they were missing previously and become more equal on the playing field with the species that had been there long before them.
30 POINTS
1. What are some of the animals that have gone extinct? How have humans reacted to extinction?
2. What is ancient DNA?
3. How could scientists bring back an extinct species? How does this relate to genetics?
4. Why would it be important to sequence, as much as possible, the genome of extinct species?
5. Which research or conservation project discussed in the video did you find most interesting? Why?
Scientists could potentially bring back an extinct species by cloning it using its preserved genetic material.
What is the DNA?
They could also use genetic engineering techniques to modify the DNA of living organisms to resemble that of the extinct species. These techniques involve extracting and analyzing the ancient DNA to determine its genetic makeup and using that information to recreate the species' genome.
This relates to genetics because the genetic makeup of an organism determines its physical and behavioral characteristics, and by analyzing the DNA of an extinct species, scientists can understand its unique traits and potentially recreate them.
Why would it be important to sequence, as much as possible, the genome of extinct species?
Sequencing the genome of extinct species is important because it provides valuable information about the genetic makeup of these organisms, their evolution, and their relationships to living species. It can also help scientists understand the reasons for their extinction and potentially develop ways to prevent future extinctions.Learn more about DNA from
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Give a reason why the total population in the world might be close to 50:50 males to females, but any one family, town, state, country might have a 50:50 ratio
The total population in the world may be close to a 50:50 ratio of males to females due to the biological nature of human reproduction.
The likelihood of conceiving a male or female child is determined by the sperm of the father, which carries either an X or a Y chromosome. Since there is an equal chance of conceiving a male or female child, over time, the natural balance of males to females is maintained.
However, any one family, town, state, or country may not have an exactly equal ratio of males to females due to various factors such as migration patterns, cultural practices, and social norms. For example, in some cultures, there may be a preference for male children, leading to a higher number of males being born. Conversely, in countries with higher rates of female education and employment, there may be more women than men. Additionally, migration patterns may result in a skewed gender ratio in certain areas.
Overall, while the biological likelihood of a 50:50 ratio of males to females is present, societal factors can lead to a different ratio in any given population.
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Diets consisting almost exclusively of ________ have historically resulted in niacin deficiencies due to the lack of protein.
Diets consisting almost exclusively of corn have historically resulted in niacin deficiencies due to the lack of protein.
Corn is a staple food in many countries, and it is a rich source of carbohydrates, but it lacks essential amino acids that are necessary for the synthesis of niacin. Niacin is a crucial vitamin that is involved in many metabolic processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and the maintenance of healthy skin, nerves, and digestive system.
The problem with corn-based diets is that they provide a limited supply of niacin, which is not sufficient to meet the daily requirements of the body. This deficiency can lead to a condition known as pellagra, which is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Pellagra was a widespread problem in the Southern United States during the early 20th century, where corn was the main source of food for many poor people.
To overcome the problem of niacin deficiency, it is essential to include protein-rich foods in the diet. Proteins contain all the essential amino acids necessary for niacin synthesis. Good sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts. In addition, it is also important to consume foods that are rich in niacin, such as whole grains, yeast, liver, and green leafy vegetables. By following a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods, it is possible to prevent niacin deficiency and maintain optimal health.
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there are two forms of human earwax: wet and dry. w is a dominant allele that produces wet earwax. individual 1 has dry ear wax and 2 has wet earwax. what is the probability that an offspring of ii-1 and ii-2 has dry ear wax? a. 1% b. 5% c. 9% d. 10%
There are two forms of human earwax: wet and dry. w is a dominant allele that produces wet earwax (b).5% is correct option.
Since individual 1 has dry ear wax, we can infer that they are homozygous recessive (ww). Individual 2 has wet earwax, so they must be either homozygous dominant (WW) or heterozygous (Ww).
Each box in the Punnett square represents a possible offspring genotype, with the corresponding phenotype shown below it. We can see that there is a 50% chance that the offspring will inherit a recessive w allele from each parent and therefore have dry ear wax.
Therefore, the probability of the offspring having dry earwax is 50%, which is answer choice (b) 5%.
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In this relationship the barnacles Drive benefit there’s no benefit of this relationship is an example of
The statement "In this relationship, the barnacles drive benefit; there’s no benefit of this relationship" is an example of commensalism.
Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits while the other is not affected either positively or negatively.
In this relationship, the barnacles are the beneficiary organism while the other organism is neither helped nor harmed.
Barnacles are often found attached to the surface of whales, turtles, and other marine animals. The barnacles gain a habitat and protection from predators by attaching themselves to these animals.
Meanwhile, the host animals are neither helped nor harmed by the barnacles' presence. This relationship is an example of commensalism since only one organism is benefited while the other is unaffected.
Commensalism is one of the three types of symbiotic relationships, along with mutualism and parasitism. Mutualism benefits both organisms, while parasitism benefits one organism at the expense of the other.
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Which structure serves to increase the speed with which a signal travels within a neuron?.
The structure that serves to increase the speed with which a signal travels within a neuron is called the myelin sheath.
The myelin sheath is a layer of insulation that surrounds the axon of a neuron and helps to speed up the transmission of electrical signals (or action potentials) along the axon.
The myelin sheath is made up of specialized cells called glial cells (oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system) that wrap themselves around the axon, leaving small gaps or nodes of Ranvier between them.
These nodes allow the electrical signal to jump quickly from one node to the next, resulting in faster conduction of the signal.
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in addition to carbon dioxide and water state two other conditions necessary for photosynthesis
Answer:
sunlight and chlorophyll
Explanation:
these two conditions must be present with water and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis to take place in plant organisms
hope this helps! :)
Answer:
Sunlight and chlorophyll must be present along with the carbon dioxide and water for the process of photosynthesis to take place in plants.
Hope this helps :)
Pls brainliest...
Cellular respiration occurs in the muscle cells in a horse's thigh. Glucose is broken down producing carbon dioxide and water. What is the result of this cellular activity for the horse?
The result of cellular respiration in the muscle cells of a horse's thigh is the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) that can be used for energy.
During cellular respiration, glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is oxidized and broken down into carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and energy in the form of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, this process is known as aerobic respiration, which is the primary means of producing ATP in eukaryotic cells.
The carbon dioxide produced in this process is carried to the lungs where it is exhaled, while the water produced can be used to help maintain the body's hydration.
The ATP produced is then used by the horse's muscle cells to carry out various functions such as movement, maintenance of body temperature, and other metabolic processes. Therefore, cellular respiration plays a vital role in providing the horse with the energy it needs to carry out its daily activities.
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which of the options is not a general requirement for complex multicellular life? cells must communicate with one another. cells must participate in a network of genetic interactions that regulate cell division. cells must stick together. all of these choices are correct. individual cells must retain a full range of functions, including reproduction.
The option that is not a general requirement for complex multicellular life is (e)."individual cells must retain a full range of functions, including reproduction." is correct option.
In fact, in complex multicellular organisms, cells specialize and differentiate into various types with specific functions, and reproduction is often performed by specialized cells or structures. The other three options, namely, cells must communicate with one another, cells must participate in a network of genetic interactions that regulate cell division, and cells must stick together are all essential requirements for complex multicellular life.
Therefore, the correct option is (e).
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Which is a consequence of global warming?cooling oceansgrowing glaciersless frequent hurricanesrising sea levels
The consequence of global warming is rising sea levels.
As the Earth's temperature increases due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the melting of ice sheets and glaciers causes the sea levels to rise.
This rise in sea levels can lead to increased flooding, erosion, and loss of habitat for coastal ecosystems and wildlife. Additionally, as sea levels rise, saltwater intrusion can occur in coastal aquifers, affecting freshwater resources.
The increase in temperature can also cause changes in ocean currents and weather patterns, leading to more frequent and intense hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones. It is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and implement measures to adapt to the impacts of global warming to prevent further damage to the Earth's ecosystems and the well-being of its inhabitants.
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The chromosome ploidy number changes from 2n to 1n during:.
The chromosome ploidy number refers to the number of sets of chromosomes present in a cell or organism. In sexual reproduction, the ploidy number is halved during meiosis, which results in the formation of haploid gametes. The fusion of haploid gametes during fertilization restores the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote.
Therefore, the process in which the chromosome ploidy number changes from 2n to 1n during meiosis. Meiosis consists of two cell divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, which reduce the ploidy number from 2n to 1n.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over, resulting in the separation of homologous chromosomes. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, resulting in the formation of haploid daughter cells.
Overall, meiosis is a crucial process in sexual reproduction as it ensures the proper distribution of chromosomes and genetic diversity among offspring.
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As you consider your answer, you might think about a spool of thread. If you pass a length of thread through the center hole, is the thread inside the spool?
Yes, the thread is inside the spool when it is passed through the center hole.
This is because the spool is a three-dimensional object with a hollow center, which is designed to hold the thread. Even if only a small portion of the thread passes through the center hole, it is still considered to be inside the spool because it is contained within the spool's structure.
From a technical standpoint, we could say that the thread is "partially" inside the spool. However, in everyday language, we would simply say that the thread is inside the spool. This is because the spool is primarily designed to hold the thread, and the fact that the thread is passing through the center hole is just a means of accessing it.
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Why is the energy source for active nuclei like seyferts thought to be compact?.
The energy source for active nuclei like Seyferts is thought to be compact because of the high luminosity and rapid variability of their emission.
Seyfert galaxies are a type of active galactic nucleus (AGN) characterized by strong and variable emission lines. It is believed that the energy source for Seyferts is a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.
The high luminosity of Seyfert nuclei suggests that a large amount of energy is being released in a small volume, which is why the energy source is thought to be compact. In addition, the rapid variability of the emission lines indicates that the energy source is small and rapidly changing, consistent with a compact object like a black hole.
Observations have confirmed the presence of supermassive black holes at the centers of many Seyfert galaxies, providing strong evidence for the compact energy source hypothesis.
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Organisms use different methods to obtain energy that they need to perform life functions. Which of the following can be an autotroph or a heterotroph?
A. bacteria and fungi
B. fungi and viruses
C. bacteria and protists
D. fungi and protists
The organisms that can be an autotroph or a heterotroph are bacteria and protists (option C).
What are autotroph and heterotrophs?Autotroph is any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.
On the other hand, a heterotroph is an organism which requires an external supply of energy in the form of food as it cannot synthesize its own.
Protists are living organisms that belong to the kingdom Protista, which can either be autotrophic like green algae or heterotrophic like amoeba.
Also, certain bacteria like blue green algae are autotrophic while Pseudomonas is an example of heterotrophic bacterium
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Is a vacuole permearble,impermeable or selectively permeable membrane
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant and animal cells. The membrane of a vacuole is selectively permeable, meaning that it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others.
The permeability of the vacuole membrane is controlled by specialized transport proteins embedded within the membrane.
These transport proteins are responsible for regulating the movement of molecules and ions into and out of the vacuole.
The selective permeability of the vacuole membrane is essential for maintaining the proper balance of molecules and ions within the cell, as well as for performing specialized functions such as waste storage and water regulation.
Overall, the selective permeability of the vacuole membrane is an important feature of cellular function and homeostasis.
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To prevent errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis, it is best to avoid ________ prior to measurement
To prevent errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis, it is best to avoid the following prior to measurement.
To prevent errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis, it is best to avoid the following prior to measurement:
1. Exercise - physical activity can increase blood flow and fluid levels in the body, which can affect the accuracy of the results.
2. Eating and drinking - consuming food and beverages can also alter the fluid levels and electrolyte balance in the body, which can affect the measurements.
3. Alcohol consumption - alcohol can cause dehydration and affect the body's electrolyte balance, leading to inaccurate results.
4. Urinating - emptying the bladder before measurement is recommended to prevent any interference with the analysis.
5. Wearing tight clothing - tight clothing can compress the tissues and alter the electrical resistance, leading to inaccurate readings.
It is important to follow these guidelines to ensure accurate and consistent measurements in bioelectrical impedance analysis.
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How is antigenic drift beneficial for viruses?
*
1 point
It changes how genes code for antigens.
It creates a variety of immune responses in the host organisms.
It leads to less mRNA which is easier to copy.
It makes them unrecognizable to the immune system.
Answer: D
It makes them unrecognizable to the immune system.
Explanation:
Will have a harder time recognizing and fighting against the virus.
Not sure if it's right. Let me know if it is.
The group starts with a plasmid where the oric is removed. What result would we expect to see if we transferred this plasmid into e. Coli?.
If we transferred a plasmid into E. coli where the oric (origin of replication) has been removed, we would expect to see that the plasmid cannot replicate autonomously and will be lost over time as the bacteria divide.
The oric is a specific sequence of DNA where replication starts on the plasmid, and its removal means that the plasmid cannot initiate replication on its own. This would result in the plasmid being dependent on the E. coli's replication machinery to replicate, making it unstable and quickly lost as the bacteria divide.
Thus, the absence of the oric sequence would lead to the inability of the plasmid to self-replicate, and the plasmid will be lost in the next cell division cycle of the E. coli.
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ovulation begins when a mature egg(ovum) is released from an ovary. peristaltic contractions and the action of cilia transport the ovum through the fallopian tube to the uterus. the hormones estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), luteinizing hormone, and progesterone regulate and control this process. reading this senario which body systems interact with eachother
The scenario described involves the interaction of several body systems to facilitate ovulation and fertilization, with the ovaries releasing the mature egg and the fallopian tubes and uterus providing the necessary environment for fertilization and implantation.
Hormones play a crucial role in regulating the reproductive system. Estrogen and progesterone, produced by the ovaries, help to prepare the uterus for implantation and maintain the pregnancy. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are produced by the pituitary gland and are responsible for regulating ovulation and the menstrual cycle.
The nervous system also plays a role in the process of ovulation, with signals from the brain triggering the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The muscular system is also involved, with peristaltic contractions and ciliary action helping to move the ovum through the fallopian tube.
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Why does an action potential travel in one direction down an axon?.
An action potential is an electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron. One of the key features of an action potential is that it travels in one direction only, from the cell body of the neuron to its axon terminal.
This directional flow of the action potential is due to the refractory period of the neuron. After an action potential is fired, the neuron enters a brief refractory period during which it is unable to generate another action potential in the same direction.
This refractory period ensures that the action potential moves only in one direction, preventing the signal from moving backward and interfering with other signals in the nervous system.
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Jackson creates the model shown in the diagram. He forms a clay mountain at the bottom of a plastic container and adds water to the container. Jackson then places a lid on top of the container and a petri dish filled with ice cubes on top of the lid. Next, he places a lamp over the container and turns it on.
a. What observation would indicate to Jackson that water is being cycled within the model?
b. Explain why the observation is evidence that water is being cycled within the model.
a. Jackson would observe condensation on the lid of the container.
b. The observation of condensation on the lid of the container is evidence that water is being cycled within the model. When the lamp heats up the water in the container, the water evaporates and rises up to the cooler lid where it condenses and forms droplets. These droplets then fall back into the container, completing the cycle of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. This process mimics the natural water cycle on Earth where water evaporates from oceans and other bodies of water, forms clouds, and then falls back to Earth as precipitation.
A greater concentration of substances in urine (e.g., glucose or protein) would cause the urine to have a(n) __________ specific gravity than water.
A greater concentration of substances in urine such as glucose or protein would cause the urine to have a higher specific gravity than water.
The specific gravity of urine reflects the density of particles in the urine sample. Water has a specific gravity of 1.000, while urine typically has a specific gravity ranging from 1.003 to 1.035. This variation in specific gravity is due to the varying concentration of solutes in the urine. If the urine contains higher amounts of glucose or protein, the specific gravity will be higher, indicating that the urine is more concentrated than water.
Elevated levels of glucose or protein in urine may indicate underlying health conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease. Regular monitoring of specific gravity can provide valuable information about kidney function and overall health. In summary, a greater concentration of substances in urine would result in a higher specific gravity than water, reflecting a higher concentration of solutes in the urine.
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HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Please quick
Another organism in a marine ecosystem is a producer. Option C is correct.
In a marine ecosystem, the sun’s energy is trapped by producers to synthesize food through photosynthesis. The most abundant and widespread producer in a marine ecosystem is the phytoplankton. Apart from this seaweeds and seagrasses also form the producers in the marine ecosystem.
Consumers are heterotrophic and they depend on producers such as phytoplanktons for their energy needs. In a marine ecosystem, zooplanktons are herbivores. They are at the second level in the trophic level and they consume phytoplankton. Zooplankton are further consumed by carnivores like fish and jellyfish. After this comes the second-level and third-level carnivores which include large fish, squid, and octopus.
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What type of succession would occur after a glacier moved and uncovered new land?.
The type of succession that would occur after a glacier moved and uncovered new land is called primary succession. Primary succession is the process of plant and animal colonization of an area that has never before supported life.
In the case of a glacier retreat, the exposed land is typically barren and devoid of life, with no pre-existing soil. In the early stages of primary succession, lichens and mosses are typically the first organisms to colonize the area.
These pioneer species help to break down rock and other materials, creating soil over time. As the soil deepens, larger and more complex plants can establish themselves. Eventually, a diverse community of plants and animals will develop, forming a stable ecosystem.
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