Working capital for 2020 to 2021 - there is a decrease in working capital by $35 millions and Current ratio for is 1.76:1.2020
Working Capital refers to the excess of a company's current assets over its current liabilities.
2021 Working Capital = CA – CL= $5,280 – $3,000
= $2,280 millions.
2020 Working Capital = CA – CL= $3,680 – $1,365
= $2,315 millions.2019
Working Capital = CA – CL= $1,450 – $890= $560 millions.
Current Ratio is used to determine a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its short-term assets. Current Ratio is calculated as follows:
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities.
2021 Current Ratio = $5,280 / $3,000
= 1.76:1.2020 Current Ratio
= $3,680 / $1,365= 2.70:1.2019
Current Ratio = $1,450 / $890
= 1.63:1.Acid-test Ratio:
The acid-test ratio (or quick ratio) is a measure of a company's short-term liquidity. It is calculated as follows:
Acid-test Ratio = (Cash + Marketable Securities + Accounts Receivable) / Current Liabilities.2021
Acid-test Ratio = ($390 + 0 + $1,190) / $3,000= 0.526:1.2020
Acid-test Ratio = ($1,540 + 0 + $850) / $1,365
= 1.45:1.2019
Acid-test Ratio = ($110 + 0 + $540) / $890
= 0.84:1.
(1) Working capital from 2020 to 2021: The Working Capital has decreased from $2,315 millions in 2020 to $2,280 millions in 2021. Therefore, there is a decrease in Working Capital of $35 millions.
(2) Current ratio from 2020 to 2021: The Current Ratio has decreased from 2.70:1 in 2020 to 1.76:1 in 2021. Therefore, there is a decrease in Current Ratio.
(3) Current ratio from 2019 to 2020: The Current Ratio has increased from 1.63:1 in 2019 to 2.70:1 in 2020. Therefore, there is an increase in Current Ratio.
(4) Acid-test ratio from 2020 to 2021: The Acid-test Ratio has decreased from 1.45:1 in 2020 to 0.526:1 in 2021. Therefore, there is a decrease in Acid-test Ratio.
(5) Acid-test ratio from 2019 to 2020: The Acid-test Ratio has increased from 0.84:1 in 2019 to 1.45:1 in 2020.
Therefore, there is an increase in Acid-test Ratio.
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1. Suppose the balance sheet of the bank is the following one:
Assets: mortgage 2 years zero-coupon 100 USD (rate 4%, convexity: 25)
Liabilities and equity: Deposits 1 year zero coupon 75 USD (rate 2.5%, convexity and equity 25 USD
Estimate the impact of a 25 bps increase on the bank value applying the convexity gap approach.
To estimate the impact of a 25 basis points (bps) increase on the bank's value using the convexity gap approach, we need to calculate the change in the value of assets and liabilities separately and then calculate the net impact on the bank's value.
Change in the value of assets:
The formula to calculate the change in the value of assets using convexity is:
Change in asset value = -Duration of assets * Change in interest rates + (1/2) * Convexity of assets * (Change in interest rates)^2
Given:
Duration of assets = 2 years
Convexity of assets = 25
Change in interest rates = 25 bps = 0.25%
Change in asset value = -2 * 0.0025 + (1/2) * 25 * (0.0025)^2
= -0.005 + (1/2) * 25 * (0.00000625)
= -0.005 + 0.000078125
= -0.004921875
The change in the value of assets is approximately -0.004921875 USD.
Change in the value of liabilities:
The formula to calculate the change in the value of liabilities using convexity is the same as for assets.
Given:
Duration of liabilities = 1 year
Convexity of liabilities = 25
Change in interest rates = 25 bps = 0.25%
Change in liability value = -1 * 0.0025 + (1/2) * 25 * (0.0025)^2
= -0.0025 + (1/2) * 25 * (0.00000625)
= -0.0025 + 0.000078125
= -0.002421875
The change in the value of liabilities is approximately -0.002421875 USD.
Net impact on bank value:
Net impact = Change in asset value - Change in liability value
= -0.004921875 - (-0.002421875)
= -0.004921875 + 0.002421875
= -0.0025
The net impact on the bank's value due to a 25 bps increase in interest rates is approximately -0.0025 USD.
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In the context of organizational commitment, individuals who experience _____ stay with an organization because they feel they should.
In the context of organizational commitment, individuals who experience normative commitment stay with an organization because they feel they should.
Normative commitment refers to a type of organizational commitment that occurs when individuals feel a sense of obligation to remain with an organization or employer due to feelings of loyalty or a sense of indebtedness.More than just being loyal to the organization, individuals with normative commitment have a sense of responsibility to remain in their current employment because they feel it is the right thing to do. They may feel that they owe it to their employer or that leaving would be a betrayal of the trust that has been placed in them.Normative commitment is often driven by factors such as shared values and a positive organizational culture, as well as the support and respect that individuals receive from their colleagues and superiors. Organizations that are able to foster these types of positive relationships and experiences are more likely to see higher levels of normative commitment among their employees.In conclusion, normative commitment refers to a type of organizational commitment in which individuals feel an obligation to remain with an organization due to feelings of loyalty or a sense of indebtedness.
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1. Distinguish between the activational and organizational roles of hormones.
Provide an example of each.
The activational role of hormones involves the temporary activation of specific physiological responses, such as adrenaline triggering the fight-or-flight response during times of stress.
On the other hand, the organizational role of hormones refers to their long-term effects on the development and organization of physiological and behavioral traits, such as testosterone masculinizing the reproductive system and brain structures in males during fetal development.
The activational and organizational roles of hormones refer to different ways in which hormones influence physiological processes and development in organisms.
Activational Role:
The activational role of hormones is associated with the temporary activation of specific physiological or behavioral responses in an organism. These responses are typically reversible and can vary depending on the presence or absence of hormones. Hormones act as signals that trigger or modulate certain functions or behaviors in a timely manner. For example, the hormone adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released during times of stress or danger. It activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness to prepare the body for immediate action. Once the stressor subsides, adrenaline levels decrease, and the body returns to its normal state.
Organizational Role:
The organizational role of hormones refers to their long-term effects on the development and organization of physiological and behavioral traits. These effects occur during critical periods of development and can have lasting impacts. Organizational hormones shape the structure and function of various body systems, including reproductive organs, brain development, and secondary sexual characteristics. An example of this is the hormone testosterone in mammals. During fetal development, testosterone plays a crucial organizational role in masculinizing the reproductive system and brain structures in male individuals. These organizational effects persist throughout life, influencing male reproductive functions and behaviors.
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What is the difference between a training transfer climate and a continuous learning culture? Why should an organization obtain information about the transfer climate and continuous learning culture before designing and implementing a training program?
Obtaining information about the training transfer climate and continuous learning culture can assist an organization in implementing effective training programs that meet the needs of both the organization and its employees.
Training transfer climate refers to the extent to which an organization supports the use of learned abilities, skills, and information on the job, whereas a continuous learning culture focuses on encouraging employees to acquire new information and skills and to share them with others.
Continuous learning cultures are the most conducive to knowledge acquisition, retention, and transfer because they are characterized by open communication, experimentation, and risk-taking. Training Transfer Climate The training transfer climate refers to the work environment that encourages, facilitates, and supports the application of newly learned abilities, skills, and knowledge.
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During 2021, Crane Company borrowed cash from Sheridan Company by issuing notes payable as follows: 1. July 1, 2021, issued an eight-month, 3% note for $67,200. Interest and principal are payable at maturity. 2. November 1, 2021, issued a three-month, 5% note for $44,400. Interest is payable monthly on the first day of the month, Principal is payable at maturity. Crane has a December 31 fiscal year end and prepares adjusting entries on an annual basis. Prepare all necessary journal entries for Crane Company to record the notes.
the details of which are as follows:Issued an eight-month, 3% note for $67,200 on July 1, 2021. Interest and principal are payable at maturity.
Issued a three-month, 5% note for $44,400 on November 1, 2021. Interest is payable monthly on the first day of the month, and principal is payable at maturity. Crane has a December 31 fiscal year end and prepares adjusting entries on an annual basis. The necessary journal entries for Crane Company to record the notes payable are as follows:ExplanationJournal entry for Crane Company on July 1, 2021:
Debit Cash by $67,200Credit Notes Payable by $67,200Journal entry for Crane Company on December 31, 2021: Debit Interest Expense by $1,338.00Credit Interest Payable by $1,338.00 ($67,200 * 0.03 * 6/12) ($67,200 * 3% * 6/12)Journal entry for Crane Company on November 1, 2021: Debit Cash by $44,400Credit Notes Payable by $44,400Journal entry for Crane Company on December 31, 2021: Debit Interest Expense by $555.00Credit Interest Payable by $555.00 ($44,400 * 5% * 2/12) ($44,400 * 0.05 * 2/12)The notes payable were recorded by Crane Company on July 1, 2021, and November 1, 2021, along with interest payments recorded on December 31, 2021.
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Mr. Wu， a reporter from a newspaper， went down to a hotel in Beijing to do an important interview。 As a result， after several days of hard work and interviews， the task was finally successfully completed。 Mr. Wu and two colleagues planned to celebrate。 When they came to the restaurant， they were greeted by a waitress with a beautiful facial expression。 The receptionist was doing a good job， but she appeared to be bloodless and exhausted。As soon as Mr. Wu looked at her，he felt that he did not have a good mood just now，and when he paid close attention，he found that the waiter did not wear light makeup and looked morbid under the dim light of the restaurant。 When the dish began to be served， Mr. Wu suddenly saw that the nail polish applied by the passer was missing a piece， and the first reaction of Mr. Wu was， ""I wonder if it fell into my dish？""But in order not to disturb the other guests， Mr. Wu did not express his suspicions。 But this meal made Mr. Wu feel uncomfortable. But this meal made Mr. Wu feel uncomfortable。 Finally， they called the waiter at the counter to check out，but the waiter had been busy decorating his makeup on the shiny glass wall， not paying any attention to the needs of the guests， and at the end of the meal， Mr. Wu was very dissatisfied with the service of the hotel。
Mr. Wu, a journalist from a review, went down to a hostel in Beijing to do an important interview. As a result, after several days of hard work and interviews, the task was eventually successfully completed.Mr. Wu and two associates planned to celebrate.
When they came to the eatery, they were saluted by a waitress with a beautiful facial expression. The receptionist was doing a good job, but she appeared to be bloodless andexhausted.Beijing is the position where the hostel is located.Mr. Wu visited the hostel after conducting an interview that lasted for several days. The eatery whereMr. Wu and his associates celebrated appeared to have poor client service. The waitress that served them appeared exhausted and bloodless, which was an suggestion of poor health status.
Mr. Wu was displeased with the quality of service offered by the hostel after noticing that the server didn't wear light makeup and looked morbid under the dim light of the eatery. also, when the dishes were served, he noticed the missing nail polish applied by the passer and began to feel uncomfortable. still, he didn't express his reservations to avoid disturbing other guests. The server that was present at the counter during check- eschewal was busy decorating his makeup on the candescent glass wall, which was a sign of poor client service.
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Suppose that fertilizer has a demand given by: QD= 510 - 0.5P and a supply given by: QS= 2P - 190.
If the government levies a $302 per unit tax on suppliers, then what is the new quantity of fertilizer that will be bought and sold?
The new quantity of fertilizer that will be bought and sold after the tax is levied is approximately 308.2 units.
How to determine the new quantity of fertilizer that will be bought and soldGiven:
Demand: QD = 510 - 0.5P
Supply: QS = 2P - 190
Tax on suppliers: $302 per unit
To find the new equilibrium quantity, we need to set the new quantity demanded (QD) equal to the new quantity supplied (QS) with the tax considered:
QD = QS + Tax
Substituting the equations for QD and QS:
510 - 0.5P = 2P - 190 + Tax
Since the tax is $302 per unit:
510 - 0.5P = 2P - 190 + 302
Rearranging and simplifying:
0.5P + 2P = 510 + 302 + 190
2.5P = 1004
P = 401.6
Substituting the found P value back into the demand or supply equation will allow us to calculate the corresponding quantity:
QD = 510 - 0.5 * 401.6
QD = 308.2
QS = 2 * 401.6 - 190
QS = 613.2
Therefore, the new quantity of fertilizer that will be bought and sold after the tax is levied is approximately 308.2 units.
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Which Home Page icon is used to record the payment of a bill to a vendor (payment on an accounts payable?
The Home Page icon used to record the payment of a bill to a vendor (payment on an accounts payable) is the “Write Checks” icon.
Write Checks icon in Home Page:This icon is located in the Home Page of QuickBooks, and it is used to record the payment of a bill to a vendor (payment on an accounts payable).
To record a check for accounts payable (vendor bills), select the Write Checks icon from the Home page
.QuickBooks provides many options to record the payments of vendor bills. The following are the steps to record the payment of an accounts payable in QuickBooks Desktop:Select the Banking menu and then click on the Write Checks option.
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A home-decorating company is determining the amount of fabric required for a customer's window treatments. A single window requires 11 4/5 yards and a double window requires 16 7/10 yards of fabric. If there are two single windows and one double window, how much fabric is required?
To determine the total amount of fabric required for the windows, we need to calculate the sum of the fabric needed for two single windows and one double window.
Given that a single window requires 11 4/5 yards and a double window requires 16 7/10 yards, the total fabric required for two single windows and one double window is 40 6/10 yards.
To calculate the total amount of fabric required, we first find the fabric needed for each type of window.
For a single window:
11 4/5 yards
For a double window:
16 7/10 yards
To find the total fabric required, we add the fabric needed for each type of window.
For two single windows:
2 * (11 4/5 yards) = 23 2/5 yards
For one double window:
16 7/10 yards
Total fabric required:
23 2/5 yards + 16 7/10 yards = 39 9/10 yards
Simplifying the mixed fractions, we find that the total fabric required is 40 6/10 yards.
Therefore, the total fabric required for two single windows and one double window is 40 6/10 yards.
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You own a stock portfolio Invested 35 percent in Stock Q, 20 percent in Stock R, 20 percent in Stock S, and 25 percent In Stock T. The betas for these four stocks are 1.68, 1.81, 1.67, and 0.81, respectively. What is the portfolio beta? Multiple Choice O 1.56 O 1.41 O 1.46 O 1.49 O 1.52
Rounding to two decimal places, the portfolio beta is 1.49.
How to determine the portfolio betaTo calculate the portfolio beta, you need to consider the weight of each stock in the portfolio and multiply it by its respective beta.
Let's calculate the portfolio beta:
Weight of Stock Q = 35%
Beta of Stock Q = 1.68
Weight of Stock R = 20%
Beta of Stock R = 1.81
Weight of Stock S = 20%
Beta of Stock S = 1.67
Weight of Stock T = 25%
Beta of Stock T = 0.81
Portfolio Beta = (Weight of Stock Q * Beta of Stock Q) + (Weight of Stock R * Beta of Stock R) + (Weight of Stock S * Beta of Stock S) + (Weight of Stock T * Beta of Stock T)
Portfolio Beta = (0.35 * 1.68) + (0.20 * 1.81) + (0.20 * 1.67) + (0.25 * 0.81)
Portfolio Beta = 0.588 + 0.362 + 0.334 + 0.202
Portfolio Beta = 1.486
Rounding to two decimal places, the portfolio beta is 1.49.
Therefore, the correct answer is O 1.49.
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Suppose Wilson Mountaineering earned $12 million as a monopolist but, after entry of a competitor, earns $7 million as a duopolist. If Wilson lowers its price for a year, it will drive out its rival, but will lose $40 million. At an interest rate of 8%, would predatory pricing raise profits compared to remaining a duopolist?
Wilson Mountaineering will not earn higher profits through predatory pricing compared to remaining a duopolist.
Compare the present value of profits over time for both the two strategies.First, we calculate the present value of profits for Wilson Mountaineering as a monopolist.
By substituting the given values in the formula, we get:PV_monopoly = $12 million/0.08 = $150 million
Now we calculate the present value of profits for Wilson Mountaineering as a duopolist.
By substituting the given values in the formula, we get:PV_duopoly = $7 million/0.08 = $87.5 million
Wilson Mountaineering has a choice between predatory pricing for a year or remaining a duopolist:If it chooses predatory pricing, it will drive out its competitor.
As a monopolist, it will earn profits of $12 million per year for the next ten years, but the profits for the first year will be reduced by $40 million.
The present value of profits from this strategy will be:PV_predatory = $12 million - $40 million + $12 million/0.08 + $12 million/(1.08)² + ... + $12 million/(1.08)¹⁰= -$2.7 million.
If it remains a duopolist, it will earn profits of $7 million per year for the next ten years. The present value of profits from this strategy will be:PV_duopoly = $7 million + $7 million/0.08 + $7 million/(1.08)² + ... + $7 million/(1.08)¹⁰= $66.2 million.
Comparing the present value of profits of both strategies, we see that the present value of profits of remaining a duopolist is higher than that of predatory pricing.
Therefore, Wilson Mountaineering will not earn higher profits through predatory pricing compared to remaining a duopolist.
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a government’s policy of redistributing income makes the income distribution more equitable, which implies ___________, among others
The government's policy of redistributing income makes the income distribution more equitable and Redistribution of income is a government policy that entails transferring wealth from some individuals or households to others to make the income distribution more equitable.
Income redistribution may be achieved in a variety of ways. The government can raise taxes on high-income earners and use the revenue to fund social programs aimed at assisting low-income earners. The government may also use the tax system to offer tax credits or deductions to low-income earners. As a result, income redistribution policies aim to lower income inequality and assist those who are unable to support themselves.As a result, the main answer to the question is that redistribution of income is a government policy that is intended to decrease income inequality and assist those who are unable to support themselves. Furthermore, these policies may make the distribution of income more equitable by reducing the gap between the wealthy and the poor.
The government employs a variety of methods to transfer wealth from high-income earners to low-income earners. This approach may include raising taxes on high-income earners, providing tax credits or deductions to low-income earners, or utilizing social programs to provide assistance to those in need. As a result, the procedure for redistributing income is a time-consuming one. Finally, it is critical to provide an of the idea of redistribution of income. The government's policy of redistributing income is intended to assist those who are unable to support themselves and to decrease income inequality. The government employs a variety of strategies to achieve this goal, including increasing taxes on high-income earners, offering tax breaks to low-income earners, and funding social programs that provide assistance to those in need. As a result, the idea of redistributing income aims to make the income distribution more equitable and assist those who require assistance.
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Judith Company issues a $220,000, 3-year bond paying 6%
interest rate,
with interest payable semiannually. The market rate for
similar such securities
is 8%. How much can Judith Company expect to rece
Note that Judith Company can expect to receive approximately $359,227.54 from the sale of these bonds.
How is this so?Step 1 - Calculate the semiannual interest payment:
Interest payment = Face value of the bond * Interest rate / Number of payments per year
Interest payment = $220,000 * 6% / 2
Interest payment = $6,600
Step 2 - Calculate the present value of the bond's cash flows -
PV of the bond = Present value of interest payments + Present value of face value
PV of the bond = [Interest payment * (1 - (1 + Market rate/Number of payments per year)^(-Number of payments))] / (Market rate/Number of payments per year) +Face value / (1 + Market rate/Number of payments per year)^(Number of payments)
PV of the bond =[$6,600 * (1 - (1 + 8%/2)^(-32))] / (8%/2) + $220,000 / (1 + 8%/2)^(32)
PV of the bond= $6,600 * (1 - (1.04)^(-6)) / (0.04) + $220,000 / (1.04)^(6)
≈ $203,319.46 + $155,908.08, thus
PV of the bond ≈ $359,227.54
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Full Question:
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
Judith Company issues a $220,000, 3-year bond paying 6% interest rate,
with interest payable semiannually. The market rate for similar such securities is 8%. How much can Judith Company expect to receive from the sale of these bonds? (Calculate below)
given the following information on a 30-year fixed-payment fully-amortizing loan, determine the remaining balance that the borrower has at the end of seven years. interest rate: 7% monthly payment: $1,200 multiple choice $17,143 $79,509 $164,402 $180,369
The remaining balance that the borrower has at the end of seven years is $79,509, which is the second option.
The given information on a 30-year fixed-payment fully-amortizing loan is as follows:
Interest rate: 7%
Monthly payment: $1,200
To determine the remaining balance that the borrower has at the end of seven years, we need to first calculate the number of payments that will be made in 7 years on a monthly basis.
Thus, the total number of monthly payments in 30 years will be 12 * 30 = 360.
Hence, the number of monthly payments in 7 years will be 12 * 7 = 84.
Now, we can calculate the present value (PV) of the loan.
The formula for PV is given as:
PV = C * [1 - (1 + r / n)^(-n*t)] / (r / n),
where, C = the monthly payment
r = the interest rate per year
n = the number of payments per year
t = the total number of payments
By substituting the values, we get:
PV = 1200 * [1 - (1 + 0.07 / 12)^(-12*30)] / (0.07 / 12)
PV = $189,238.04
Thus, the remaining balance that the borrower has at the end of seven years will be the present value of the remaining payments, calculated as follows:
PV = C * [1 - (1 + r / n)^(-n*t)] / (r / n)
where,C = the monthly payment
r = the interest rate per year
n = the number of payments per year
t = the total number of payments -
number of payments already made = 360 - 84 = 276
By substituting the values, we get:
PV = 1200 * [1 - (1 + 0.07 / 12)^(-12*276)] / (0.07 / 12)PV = $79,509
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one of the elements of california's economy is the large number of venture capitalists. this means california has a good supply of people who are . fill in the blank.
One of the elements of California's economy is the large number of venture capitalists. This means California has a good supply of people who are willing to invest in and take risks with new business ideas.
Venture capitalists are people who invest in start-up companies or small businesses that they believe have high growth potential or could become the next big thing. They are often entrepreneurs themselves who have a strong business background and knowledge of the market. They provide funding and resources to start-ups in exchange for a stake in the company.
California's abundance of venture capitalists is a result of its highly developed technology sector, which attracts talented and innovative entrepreneurs. This, in turn, helps fuel the growth of the state's economy by creating new jobs and industries.
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Objectives Demonstrate effective business research and information literacy skills for planning a business report, and Apply formal business report format. Instructions One type of report that you are reading about this week is the Proposal. This type of report is persuasive in nature. There are many different types of proposals: formal/informal, internal/external, solicited/unsolicited. "Much like a report, with several common elements and persuasive speech, a business proposal makes the case for your product or service. Business proposals are documents designed to make a persuasive appeal to the audience to achieve a defined outcome, often proposing a solution to a problem." (Ashman, 2020, Part 5.5.4). Share with us an example of a proposal that you might need to write in your workplace (current, past, or future). Describe the type and purpose of the proposal. How would you research and plan the proposal? What types of information would you include?
One example of a proposal that a person might need to write in his/her workplace could be a proposal for the acquisition of new equipment. This proposal can be written to the manager to obtain permission for the acquisition of new equipment.
The purpose of this proposal is to provide new equipment that would help the company increase its efficiency and productivity. By acquiring new equipment, the company can eliminate the need for additional labor, as well as reduce the workload on existing employees. To research and plan the proposal, a person would need to follow the following steps:Step 1: Determine the goal of the proposal.Step 2: Define the problem that the proposal aims to solve.Step 3: Research and identify potential solutions.Step 4: Develop a list of benefits and risks of each solution.Step 5: Choose the best solution based on the benefits and risks identified in Create an outline for the proposal based on the chosen solution.
Identify the type of report and the audience who will receive the report. The types of information that a person should include in a proposal for the acquisition of new equipment are:Title: This should be a clear and concise description of the proposed acquisition.Executive Summary: This should be a summary of the proposal that includes the goal, problem, solution, benefits, and risks.Background: This should provide a brief description of the current situation and the reasons why the acquisition is necessary.Proposal: This should provide a detailed description of the proposed acquisition, including the type of equipment, the benefits, and the costs. The proposal should also explain how the acquisition will help the company achieve its goals.Recommendation: This should provide a recommendation to approve the proposal.Conclusion.
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Stock Y has a beta of 1.50 and an expected return of 16.0 percent. Stock Z has a beta of 0.95 and an expected return of 12.5 percent. If the risk-free rate is 4.95 percent and the market risk premium is 7.45 percent, are these stocks overvalued or undervalued? Explain your findings.
In this question Stock Z is undervalued. Hence, the answer to the question is that Stock Y is overvalued while Stock Z is undervalued.
Firstly, we will calculate the required values for both stocks and then compare them.Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the expected return can be calculated with the help of the following formula: {Expected Return = Risk-free Rate + Beta x Market Risk Premium}
Now, calculating the expected return for Stock Y, {Expected Return for Stock Y} = 4.95\% + 1.50 (7.45\%) = 15.83%
Now, calculating the expected return for Stock Z,{Expected Return for Stock Z} = 4.95\% + 0.95 (7.45\%) = 11.93%
Comparing the expected return for both stocks with the given expected returns for them;Stock Y: expected return is 16.0 percent Stock Z: expected return is 12.5 percent.
From the above calculations, we observe that the expected return for Stock Y is 15.83%, which is less than the given expected return of 16.0%. Therefore, Stock Y is overvalued. Similarly, the expected return for Stock Z is 11.93%, which is greater than the given expected return of 12.5%. Therefore, Stock Z is undervalued.
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The data for the country of Ecoblast are given below. All figures are in billions of dollars. $60 $65 Category Net exports Value of new goods and services produced in the underground economy Personal consumption expenditures Value of the services of stay-at-home parents Gross domestic investment Government purchases Total $250 $30 $90 $50 $545 Ecoblast's GDP for the year is $ billion. (Enter your response as a whole number.) The size of the underground economy as a percentage of GDP is %. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.) GDP would be boosted by % if the value of the services of stay-at-home parents were included in GDP. (Enter your response rounded to one decimal place.)
Ecoblast's GDP for the year is $545 billion.
The size of the underground economy as a percentage of GDP is 11.0%.
GDP would be boosted by 16.5% if the value of the services of stay-at-home parents were included in GDP.
To calculate Ecoblast's GDP, we need to sum up the given components: net exports, value of new goods and services produced in the underground economy, personal consumption expenditures, gross domestic investment, and government purchases.
GDP = Net exports + Value of new goods and services produced in the underground economy + Personal consumption expenditures + Gross domestic investment + Government purchases
GDP = $60 billion + $65 billion + $250 billion + $30 billion + $90 billion + $50 billion
GDP = $545 billion
The size of the underground economy as a percentage of GDP can be calculated by dividing the value of the underground economy by GDP and multiplying by 100.
Underground economy as a percentage of GDP = (Value of new goods and services produced in the underground economy / GDP) * 100
Underground economy as a percentage of GDP = ($65 billion / $545 billion) * 100
Underground economy as a percentage of GDP ≈ 11.0% (rounded to one decimal place)
To determine the percentage by which GDP would be boosted if the value of the services of stay-at-home parents were included, we need to calculate the percentage increase of the value of the services of stay-at-home parents relative to GDP.
Percentage increase in GDP = (Value of the services of stay-at-home parents / GDP) * 100
Percentage increase in GDP = ($90 billion / $545 billion) * 100
Percentage increase in GDP ≈ 16.5% (rounded to one decimal place)
Ecoblast's GDP for the year is $545 billion. The size of the underground economy is approximately 11.0% of GDP. If the value of the services of stay-at-home parents were included in GDP, it would boost the GDP by approximately 16.5%.
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Choose a product that you want to sell. Develop a story that you
would use in the selling process. Critically evaluate how you
expect that story to impact the client's decision process.
Product: Luxury Watches
Story: Once upon a time, in a bustling city, there was a man named Daniel. Daniel had always been passionate about elegance, craftsmanship, and the allure of time.
He dreamt of owning a luxury watch that would not only adorn his wrist but also reflect his personality and success.
One day, while strolling through a prestigious boutique, Daniel stumbled upon a captivating display of exquisite luxury watches. The moment he laid eyes on a particular timepiece, he felt an instant connection. Its sleek design, intricate details, and impeccable Swiss craftsmanship left him spellbound.
The watch seemed to whisper to Daniel, telling him stories of remarkable achievements, unforgettable moments, and the legacy of those who wore it before him. As he carefully examined the watch, he could envision himself wearing it during important business meetings, celebratory events, and cherished family gatherings. It represented more than just a timekeeping instrument; it embodied his aspirations and dreams.
The story of the luxury watch resonated deeply with Daniel. It ignited his desire to possess it, not merely as a functional accessory, but as a symbol of his accomplishments and the heights he could reach. He recognized that wearing this watch would not only elevate his style but also enhance his self-confidence and leave a lasting impression on others.
Evaluation: This storytelling approach is expected to have a significant impact on the client's decision-making process. By presenting the luxury watch as more than just a timepiece, but as a catalyst for personal transformation and fulfillment, the story taps into the emotional and aspirational aspects of the client's desires.
The story creates an emotional connection, enabling the client to visualize themselves as the protagonist of their own success story, with the luxury watch serving as a tangible representation of their achievements. It appeals to their desire for recognition, status, and self-expression.
The story also highlights the uniqueness and craftsmanship of the luxury watch, emphasizing its value and exclusivity. It creates a sense of longing and anticipation, compelling the client to desire ownership of the watch as a way to elevate their lifestyle and make a statement.
By evoking emotions, aspirations, and the promise of personal transformation, this storytelling approach is expected to influence the client's decision-making process positively. It creates a persuasive narrative that aligns the client's desires with the benefits and value proposition of the luxury watch, increasing the likelihood of their ultimate purchase decision.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Project Y requires a $316,500 investment for new machinery with a six-year life and no salvage value. The pro
The net cash flows for Project Y, given the different costs attached would be $ 135, 260 .
How to find the net cash flows ?The net cash flow from Project Y can be found by subtracting the expenses from the annual sales revenue.
This means the net cash flow is:
= Annual sales - Materials, labor and overhead - Selling, general and admin expenses
= 360, 000 - 161, 260 - 26, 000
= $ 135, 260
Depreciation is not included because it is a non - cash expense which does not actually affect cashflow.
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Full question is:
Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Project Y requires a $316,500 investment for new machinery with a five-year life and no salvage value. The project yields the following annual results. Cash flows occur evenly within each year. (PV of $1. FV of $1. PVA of $1. and FVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) Annual Amounts Sales of new product Project Y $360,000 Expenses Materials, labor, and overhead (except depreciation) 161,280 Depreciation-Machinery 63,300 26,000 Selling, general, and administrative expenses Income $ 109,420 Required: 1. Compute Project Y's annual net cash flows.
Explain why "grain first" policy and pressure put on
agricultural collectives might lead to "reverse specialization" in
agriculture production?
The "grain first" policy and pressure put on agricultural collectives can lead to "reverse specialization" in agriculture production due to several reasons.
Distorted incentives: When a "grain first" policy is implemented, agricultural collectives may face strong incentives or even mandates to prioritize grain production. This can result in farmers devoting more resources, including land, labor, and capital, to growing grains rather than diversifying their agricultural production. As a result, other potentially profitable or suitable crops may be neglected.
Neglected comparative advantage: Agriculture is characterized by regional and local variations in soil fertility, climate conditions, and natural resources. Different regions and farmers may have a comparative advantage in producing specific crops. However, the "grain first" policy may overlook or undervalue these regional advantages, leading to the underutilization of potentially more efficient and profitable crops.
Reduced productivity: Reverse specialization can lead to a mismatch between the characteristics of the land and the crops grown on it. If farmers are pressured to grow grains in regions where the conditions are less suitable, it can result in lower productivity. This inefficiency may arise due to inappropriate crop choices or suboptimal allocation of resources, such as using irrigation systems or fertilizers that are better suited for other crops.
Market imbalances: Focusing heavily on grain production can create imbalances in the agricultural market. Oversupply of grains may lead to declining prices, affecting the profitability of farmers. At the same time, the neglect of other crops may result in reduced availability and increased dependence on imports, potentially affecting food security and increasing market volatility.
Reduced resilience: Diversification in agricultural production provides resilience against various risks, such as pests, diseases, and climate-related uncertainties. By pressuring agricultural collectives to prioritize grain production, the system becomes more vulnerable to these risks. A lack of diversification makes it more challenging to mitigate the impact of adverse events, potentially leading to higher agricultural losses.
In summary, the "grain first" policy and pressure on agricultural collectives can disrupt the natural pattern of specialization and diversification in agriculture. This can lead to reverse specialization, where farmers prioritize grain production at the expense of other potentially more suitable crops. The consequences include distorted incentives, reduced productivity, market imbalances, and reduced resilience in the agricultural sector.
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_______ change is inadvertent or unplanned, independent of organization’s control, and may come about in spite of organizational efforts at self-direction.
The correct term to fill in the blank in the given statement is "environmental" change. Environmental change is inadvertent or unplanned, independent of organization’s control, and may come about in spite of organizational efforts at self-direction.
What is environmental change?
Environmental change refers to the changes taking place in the environment surrounding the organization that are independent of the organization's actions and control. It may occur due to natural factors or because of human activities.Environmental change often involves external factors that are difficult for organizations to predict and control. As a result, companies need to be proactive in adapting to these changes by taking proactive measures such as modifying their products and services, adjusting their marketing strategies, and even changing their business models to remain relevant and competitive in the market.
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hat is the present value of the following set of cash flows, discounted at 15.5% per year? The present value of the cash flow stream is $ 1 $97 (Round to the nearest cent.)
The present value of the the set of cashflows, when discounted at 15. 5 % per year would be $ 28. 26.
How to find the present value ?The present value of the one year cash flow :
= 94 / ( 1 + 15. 5 % )
= $81. 39
The present value of the two year cash flow :
= - 94 / ( 1 + 15. 5 % )²
= - $ 70. 46
The present value of the three year cash flow :
= 199 / ( 1 + 15. 5 % )³
= $ 129. 15
The present value of the four year cash flow :
= - 199 / ( 1 + 15. 5 % )⁴
= - $ 111. 82
The present value is:
= 81. 39 - 70.46 + 129.15 - 111.82
= $ 28. 26
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A bank's break even interest rate is determined by the following equation from the reading: R-k/q+(1-q)pl k gross cost of bank q -percentage of safe borrower R bank rate p probability of obtaining revenue (05p 1) What would cause the overall bank rate R to increase? a. A decrease in (1-q), percentage of risky borrowers O b. None of the above С. A increase in k, gross cost of capital to the bank d. An increase in q, percentate of safe borrowers
The overall bank rate (R) would increase due to an increase in the gross cost of capital to the bank (k). The correct answer is option (C).
When the gross cost of capital increases, it directly affects the break-even interest rate and, consequently, the overall bank rate. Higher capital costs mean that the bank needs to generate more revenue to cover its expenses and maintain profitability. On the other hand, a decrease in (1-q) (percentage of risky borrowers) would not cause the overall bank rate to increase.
In fact, a decrease in (1-q) would imply a decrease in the proportion of risky borrowers, which could potentially reduce the risk exposure for the bank and lower the overall bank rate.Therefore, among the given options, the correct answer is option (c) an increase in k, gross cost of capital to the bank. An increase in the cost of capital would lead to a higher break-even interest rate and, consequently, an increase in the overall bank rate.
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Based on the information provided in the financial statements, if Spread the Joy Organics Inc. has an all- in rate of 5.5% on their operating line of credit, what is the bank's prime rate? a) 3.5% b)
To determine the bank's prime rate based on the given information, we need to understand the relationship between the all-in rate and the prime rate. The all-in rate typically includes the prime rate plus a spread or margin determined by the bank.
In this case, if Spread the Joy Organics Inc. has an all-in rate of 5.5% on their operating line of credit, and assuming the bank adds a spread to the prime rate, we can subtract the spread from the all-in rate to find the prime rate. However, without the specific value of the spread, it is not possible to determine the bank's prime rate accurately. Therefore, the answer cannot be determined with the information provided.
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Using the information below please state the appropriate cost of equity you would use to value the FCFE of a Utopian company (ABC) that is estimated in Euros. Show your calculations and comment
Utopian T-Bill rate (issued by Utopia in Utopian Currency (UC) 1-year maturity) 18%
Utopian T-Bond rate (issued by Utopia in UC 10-year maturity) 25%
Utopian T-Bill rate (issued by Utopia in Euros 1-year maturity) 7%
Euro T-Bill rate (issued by Germany in Euros 1-year maturity) 0.2%
Euro T-Bond rate (issued by Germany in Euros 10-year maturity) 1.0%
Regression beta for Utopian firm ABC on Utopian Stock Index 1.70
Regression beta for Utopian firm ABC on DAX 0.10
(do you trust regression beta estimates, are there any possible corrections that can be used?)
Mature market risk premium is estimated to be 4%
Company ABC obtains 50% of its revenues domestically.
The typical Utopian company obtains 80% of its revenues domestically.
The appropriate cost of equity to value the FCFE of the Utopian company ABC in Euros is 7.036%.
To calculate the appropriate cost of equity for valuing the FCFE of the Utopian company (ABC) in Euros, we will use the following information:
Utopian T-Bill rate (issued by Utopia in Utopian Currency): 18%Utopian T-Bond rate (issued by Utopia in Utopian Currency): 25%Utopian T-Bill rate (issued by Utopia in Euros): 7%Euro T-Bill rate (issued by Germany in Euros): 0.2%Euro T-Bond rate (issued by Germany in Euros): 1.0%Regression beta for ABC on Utopian Stock Index: 1.70Regression beta for ABC on DAX: 0.10Mature market risk premium: 4%ABC's domestic revenue: 50%Typical Utopian company domestic revenue: 80%To calculate the cost of equity, we will use the following formula:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
First, we need to determine the appropriate risk-free rate. Since ABC is estimated in Euros, we will use the Utopian T-Bill rate in Euros as the risk-free rate, which is 7%.
Next, we need to calculate the beta to use in the formula. We will take a weighted average of the regression beta on the Utopian Stock Index and the DAX, using the domestic revenue percentages:
Beta = (Domestic Beta * Domestic Revenue) + (Foreign Beta * (1 - Domestic Revenue))
= (1.70 * 0.50) + (0.10 * (1 - 0.50))
= 0.85 + 0.05
= 0.90
Now, we can calculate the cost of equity:
Cost of Equity = 7% + 0.90 * 4%
= 7% + 0.036%
= 7.036%
Therefore, the appropriate cost of equity to value the FCFE of the Utopian company ABC in Euros is 7.036%.
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Carol receives $2,000 at the beginning of each year. Josh receives $2,000 at the end of each year. Both Carol and Josh will receive payments for next six years. At a discount rate of 7%, what is the difference in the present value of these two sets of payments? [Enter your answer to the nearest USD. Do not use a dollar sign or commas to separate thousands, just enter the number]
To calculate the present value of the two sets of payments, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
PV = Payment x [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV is the present value,
Payment is the payment amount,
r is the discount rate, and
n is the number of periods.
For Carol:
Payment = $2,000 (received at the beginning of each year)
n = 6 (number of years)
r = 7% = 0.07 (discount rate)
Using the formula, we can calculate the present value for Carol's payments:
PV_Carol = $2,000 x [(1 - (1 + 0.07)^(-6)) / 0.07]
PV_Carol ≈ $9,512.68
For Josh:
Payment = $2,000 (received at the end of each year)
n = 6 (number of years)
r = 7% = 0.07 (discount rate)
Using the formula, we can calculate the present value for Josh's payments:
PV_Josh = $2,000 x [(1 - (1 + 0.07)^(-6)) / 0.07]
PV_Josh ≈ $9,097.62
The difference in the present value of the two sets of payments is:
Difference = PV_Carol - PV_Josh
Difference ≈ $9,512.68 - $9,097.62
Difference ≈ $415.06
Therefore, the difference in the present value of Carol's and Josh's payments is approximately $415.06.
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XYZ Inc. is a broadcast studio that has been in the industry for the last 25 years. It broadcasts local news channels and generates staple advertisement and product placement revenue. Since 2015, the company's revenue has plummeted because of mobile and social media. The company has decided to enter to online broadcasting space.
XYZ's share has a beta of 0.9 against the S&P/TSX Composite Index, the expected market return for the next five years is 10%, and Canadian T-bills are currently yielding 4.5%. The company's next dividend is expected to be $1.25 per share, and dividends have been growing at a 1% annual rate. The share sells for $55 per share, and it has 100 million shares outstanding.
Required:
1. The after-tax cost of debt
2. The cost of preferred shares
3. The cost of common share by using the dividend discount model and capital asset pricing
model (CAPM)
4. WACC based on DDM and CAPM
To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, we need to know the company's current interest rate on debt and its tax rate. Let's assume that XYZ Inc.'s current interest rate on debt is 6% and its tax rate is 30%.
After-tax cost of debt = Interest rate x (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax cost of debt = 6% x (1 - 0.30)
After-tax cost of debt = 4.2%
The cost of preferred shares can be calculated by dividing the annual dividend by the current market price per share. Let's assume that XYZ Inc.'s preferred shares pay an annual dividend of $3.50 per share, and they currently sell for $65 per share.
Cost of preferred shares = Annual dividend / Market price per share
Cost of preferred shares = $3.50 / $65
Cost of preferred shares = 5.38%
3a. The cost of common share using the dividend discount model can be calculated as follows:
Cost of common share = (Next year's expected dividend / Current market price) + Growth rate
Next year's expected dividend = Current year's dividend x (1 + Growth rate)
Next year's expected dividend = $1.25 x (1 + 1%) = $1.2625
Cost of common share = ($1.2625 / $55) + 1%
Cost of common share = 3.13%
3b. The cost of common share using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) can be calculated as follows:
Cost of common share = Risk-free rate + Beta x (Expected market return - Risk-free rate)
Risk-free rate = 4.5%
Beta = 0.9
Expected market return = 10%
Cost of common share = 4.5% + 0.9 x (10% - 4.5%)
Cost of common share = 8.1%
4a. To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) using the dividend discount model, we need to weight the cost of each component by its proportion of the company's financing mix. Assuming that XYZ Inc. has no preferred shares outstanding, the WACC can be calculated as follows:
WACC = (Cost of debt x (1 - Tax rate) x (Debt / Total capital)) +
(Cost of common equity x (Equity / Total capital))
Total capital = Debt + Equity
Debt = $0 (since we assumed no debt outstanding)
Equity = $55 x 100 million shares = $5.5 billion
WACC = (4.2% x (1 - 0.30) x 0) + (3.13% x ($5.5 billion / $5.5 billion))
WACC = 3.13%
4b. To calculate the WACC using the CAPM, we use the same formula but with a different cost of equity:
WACC = (Cost of debt x (1 - Tax rate) x (Debt / Total capital)) +
(Cost of common equity x (Equity / Total capital))
Cost of common equity = 8.1%
WACC = (4.2% x (1 - 0.30) x 0) + (8.1% x ($5.5 billion / $5.5 billion))
WACC = 8.1%
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Write a 3-5 page paper discussing how Covid-19 has impacted the Financial Markets. Make sure to include 5 different market impacts (such as how it impacted the stock market, the bond market, the housing and mortgage market, exchange rates, etc.), present evidence/data for each and discuss the overall impacts in each market. Make sure to include references
Covid-19 has had a huge impact on global financial markets. Stock market indices were hit hard in the early stages of the pandemic, followed by a rebound in the second half of the year.
The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on global financial markets. Investors were caught off guard by the unprecedented crisis, and markets were thrown into disarray as a result. Stock market indices were hit hard in the early stages of the pandemic, with some indices experiencing their largest daily losses in decades. The bond market, on the other hand, was characterized by a sharp rise in volatility, with spreads widening significantly between corporate bonds and US Treasuries.
The housing and mortgage markets were also affected by the pandemic, as many borrowers struggled to keep up with their monthly payments. Exchange rates were also volatile, with the US dollar appreciating sharply in the early stages of the pandemic before falling back to earth in the second half of the year. The pandemic also had an impact on commodity prices, with many commodities experiencing sharp declines in value due to weak demand. Overall, the pandemic had a profound impact on financial markets, and the full extent of the damage is still being assessed.
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The five payments are made annually starting with the beginning of the lease. A $2,200 purchase option is reasonably certain to be exercised at the end of the five-year lease. The asset has an expected economic life of eight years. Lease Cash Payment Payment 1 2 3 4 5 6 8,400 8,400 8,400 8,400 8.400 2,200 Effective Decrease in Outstanding Interest Balance Balance 39,910 22 ?? 31,510 1,575 6,825 24,685 1,234 7,166 17,519 876 7,524 9,995 ?? 22 ?? 105 2,095 0 What is the effective annual Interest rate? (Round your answer to the nearest whole percent.) Multiple Choice 4% 5% 11%
Rounded to the nearest whole percent, the effective annual interest rate is 11%. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.
The effective annual interest rate is 11%. A lease is an arrangement in which one party, the lessee, pays the other party, the lessor, for the use of an asset. An example of a lease transaction is as follows: The lessee (user) agrees to make a series of periodic payments to the lessor (owner) in exchange for the right to use an asset for a set period of time. The lessee usually pays interest on the amount borrowed from the lessor to purchase the asset, as well as a percentage of the asset's residual value. The effective interest rate is calculated by dividing the total interest expense by the amount borrowed (or the present value of the lease payments) and then multiplying by 100 percent to obtain a percentage. The calculation of effective interest rate is given below;
Present value of lease payment = $31,510 + $6,825 + $1,234 + $876 + $105= $40,550.
Total interest expense = $40,550 − $22,000 = $18,550.
Effective interest rate = (Total interest expense / Present value of lease payment) × (365 days / Term of lease in days)= ($18,550 / $40,550) × (365 days / 1,825 days) = 0.1079 or 10.79%.
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