Question No. 1 [5+8+2] What is the significance of international business in today's changed global scenario? (b) Discuss the factors that have led to the increased growth in globalization. (c) Critics argue that the act of globalization consumes more non-renewable national resources and increases environmental damages. Give your argument against this claim.

Stare decisis is a legal principle that is derived from Latin and means "to stand by things decided."

The doctrine of stare decisis is crucial for maintaining stability and consistency in the law. It dictates that lower courts must follow the decisions of higher courts and that prior legal decisions should be respected and relied upon in the future.Which of the following statements is false about the doctrine of stare decisis?The false statement regarding the doctrine of stare decisis is that: It expects judges to mandatorily follow precedent while making decisions.Stare decisis is not a mandatory rule. Although the doctrine of stare decisis is important, it is not a law that requires judges to follow the decisions of past cases. The judges have the freedom to rule on a case, even if it contradicts with a prior case decision. Judges should try to remain consistent with previous rulings and make new decisions based on past legal decisions because this helps to maintain stability, predictability, and efficiency in the law.Stare decisis offers the wisdom of the past and enhances efficiency. It affords stability and predictability to the law. It is generally adhered to because of its beneficial effect. Therefore, options (A), (C), and (D) are correct statements about the doctrine of stare decisis.

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In the given scenario, noha, a manager in an advertising firm, was assigned a team and asked to come up with ideas for an advertising campaign.

noha used brainstorming to generate the ideas.In the first meeting, noha briefed the team, outlined the purpose of the meeting clearly, and asked the members to individually generate ideas and bring their lists to the next meeting. In the second meeting, the ideas were compiled, doubts clarified, and ideas built-on, after which the members were asked to individually rank the ideas and submit the list to noha, who tabulated the scores and created a list of the five highest-rated ideas.Brainstorming is a creative problem-solving technique in which people generate a large number of ideas to solve a particular problem. Noha used this technique in order to generate as many ideas as possible. In this process, noha asked every member of the team to come up with their own list of ideas which helped to collect a wide range of creative thoughts. Brainstorming is a technique that allows people to get out of their comfort zone, to think freely and outside the box which results in innovative ideas.

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To determine the investment proportions in the minimum-variance portfolio of the two risky funds, we can use the principles of portfolio theory and the concept of covariance.

a-1. Investment Proportions in the Minimum-Variance Portfolio:

Let's denote the proportion invested in the stock fund as x and the proportion invested in the bond fund as (1 - x).

The covariance between the stock fund and the bond fund can be calculated as:

Cov(S, B) = Corr(S, B) * StdDev(S) * StdDev(B)

Cov(S, B) = 0.11 * 0.34 * 0.18 = 0.006066

The investment proportions can be determined using the formula for the minimum-variance portfolio:

x = [StdDev(B)^2 - Cov(S, B)] / [StdDev(S)^2 + StdDev(B)^2 - 2 * Cov(S, B)]

(1 - x) = [StdDev(S)^2 - Cov(S, B)] / [StdDev(S)^2 + StdDev(B)^2 - 2 * Cov(S, B)]

Plugging in the values, we get:

x = [0.18^2 - 0.006066] / [0.34^2 + 0.18^2 - 2 * 0.006066] ≈ 0.1907

(1 - x) ≈ 1 - 0.1907 ≈ 0.8093

Therefore, the investment proportions in the minimum-variance portfolio are approximately 0.1907 (19.07%) in the stock fund and 0.8093 (80.93%) in the bond fund.

a-2. Expected Value and Standard Deviation of the Rate of Return:

To calculate the expected value of the rate of return, we can use the weighted average of the expected returns of the two funds:

Expected Return = x * Expected Return of Stock Fund + (1 - x) * Expected Return of Bond Fund

Expected Return = 0.1907 * 0.198 + 0.8093 * 0.10 ≈ 0.1157 or 11.57%

To calculate the standard deviation of the rate of return, we can use the formula for the portfolio standard deviation:

Standard Deviation = √[x^2 * StdDev(S)^2 + (1 - x)^2 * StdDev(B)^2 + 2 * x * (1 - x) * Cov(S, B)]

Standard Deviation = √[0.1907^2 * 0.34^2 + 0.8093^2 * 0.18^2 + 2 * 0.1907 * 0.8093 * 0.006066] ≈ 0.1123 or 11.23%

Therefore, the expected value of the rate of return is approximately 11.57% and the standard deviation of the rate of return is approximately 11.23%.

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A Customer Touch Point for a bank would include all of the following, except exterior signing, option 3 is correct.

A Customer Touch Point is any interaction or point of contact between a customer and a bank. It includes various channels and platforms through which customers can engage with the bank. The provided options, such as online banking, call centre, and ATM, are all examples of customer touch points as they facilitate direct interaction or transactions between customers and the bank.

However, exterior signing does not involve direct customer interaction. Exterior signing refers to the signage displayed outside a bank's branch, indicating its presence and branding. While it may help in attracting customers and creating brand awareness, it does not serve as a direct touch point for customer engagement or transactions, option 3 is correct.

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Answer:

After completing the course, I plan to utilize my eportfolio as a powerful tool to enhance my personal branding and showcase my skills, achievements, and growth throughout my academic journey. The final product of my eportfolio will serve as a comprehensive representation of my capabilities, knowledge, and experiences.

Firstly, I will use my eportfolio to showcase my academic work and projects. By including high-quality artifacts from various coursework, I can demonstrate my proficiency in different subject areas and highlight my ability to apply theoretical concepts to real-world scenarios. This will provide potential employers or academic institutions with concrete evidence of my capabilities.

Additionally, I will continue to update and refine my eportfolio with new artifacts and accomplishments beyond the course. This can include certifications, internships, research projects, or any other relevant experiences that further validate my expertise and dedication in my field of interest. By regularly updating my eportfolio, I can present a dynamic and evolving professional profile that reflects my commitment to continuous learning and growth.

Furthermore, my eportfolio will serve as a centralized platform to present my personal brand. I will customize the design and layout to align with my professional identity, incorporating elements that reflect my values, skills, and career aspirations. This will allow potential employers or collaborators to gain a holistic understanding of who I am and what I can bring to the table.

To leverage my eportfolio effectively, I will actively promote it through various channels. This can include sharing it on professional networking platforms like LinkedIn, attaching it to job applications, or providing the link during networking events or interviews. By strategically showcasing my eportfolio, I can differentiate myself from other candidates and leave a lasting impression on potential employers or collaborators.

In conclusion, my eportfolio will continue to serve as a valuable resource even after the completion of the course. By curating a diverse collection of artifacts and maintaining regular updates, I can leverage my eportfolio to enhance my personal branding, showcase my achievements, and demonstrate my capabilities to potential employers or academic institutions.

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It is important that the courts, particularly the U.S. Supreme Court, not align themselves with one political party or another because the judiciary is one of the three branches of government and is meant to act as a check on the power of the other two branches.

If the court were to align itself with one political party or agenda, it would lose its independence and credibility as an impartial arbiter of the law. Special interest groups such as the NRA, religious groups, and industry lobbyists can have influence on the courts' decisions through lobbying efforts, amicus briefs, and other means of advocacy. However, it is important that the court remain independent and not be unduly influenced by any particular interest group. A strong and independent court system is crucial to the rule of law because it ensures that everyone is subject to the same laws and that those laws are applied fairly and impartially.

Judiciary, a separate branch of government, is established to check the power of the other two branches of government. The court must not align itself with any political party, as this will make the judiciary lose its independence and credibility as an impartial arbiter of the law. It is important that the court remains independent and is not unduly influenced by any particular interest group. Special interest groups, such as the NRA, religious groups, and industry lobbyists, can influence the courts decisions through lobbying efforts, amicus briefs, and other means of advocacy. A strong and independent court system is vital to the rule of law because it ensures that everyone is subject to the same laws, and those laws are applied fairly and impartially.

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The relationship between the three short-run total cost curves. The three short-run total cost curves are Average Variable Cost (AVC), Average Fixed Cost (AFC), and Marginal Cost (MC).

The Marginal Cost (MC) curve crosses the Average Variable Cost (AVC) curve and the Average Total Cost (ATC) curve at their minimum points since both the AVC and the ATC curves follow the MC curve, and they are U-shaped curves in the short run. The Average Fixed Cost (AFC) curve, on the other hand, is a downward-sloping curve that falls to zero as output rises towards infinity. The intersection of the MC curve and the AVC curve is known as the shutdown point. A firm should continue to operate if it can generate sufficient revenue to cover all of its variable costs at a price above this point. A company should close down and incur losses if the price falls below the shut-down point.

2.2. The Shape of the Individual Supply of Labor Curve

The individual supply of labor curve is upward-sloping. The amount of labor a worker is willing to provide increases as the wage rate increases. When the wage rate rises, workers have more incentive to work more hours, so the supply of labor rises as well, as long as the wage rate is above the worker's reservation wage. The reservation wage is the minimum amount of compensation a worker is willing to accept in exchange for his or her labor, which is determined by his or her next best alternative. The supply of labor curve is upward-sloping, indicating that as wages rise, workers are willing to work more hours, but as wages fall, they are less willing to work and may prefer to take more time off, take a job elsewhere, or not work at all.

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The project-specific discount rate for Alpha Co. when entering the new industry is 11.12%. The correct option is C.

The company-specific discount rate is an essential component when it comes to valuation of companies or assets. The discount rate denotes the rate of return required by investors or organizations to undertake the risk associated with a specific investment.

The company-specific discount rate for Alpha Co. while entering the new industry is determined by beta, which represents the systematic risk associated with an investment. It measures the correlation between the asset's returns and the returns of the market.

Company Alpha's capital structure is as follows:

Equity = $1,000

Debt = $400

Total = $1,400

Weight of Equity = 1,000/1,400 = 0.7143

Weight of Debt = 400/1,400 = 0.2857

Horizon Co.'s capital structure is as follows:

Equity = $700

Debt = $300

Total = $1,000

Weight of Equity = 700/1,000 = 0.7

Weight of Debt = 300/1,000 = 0.3

The beta for Alpha Co. = 1.3T

he beta for Horizon Co. = 1.2

Risk-free rate = 4%

Average return on the market = 12%

Tax rate = 30%

Formula to calculate the company-specific discount rate:

Company-Specific Discount Rate = Risk-Free Rate + (Market Risk Premium × Beta)

Company-Specific Discount Rate = 4% + (12% − 4%) × 1.3

Company-Specific Discount Rate = 11.2%

Using the above formula, we have calculated the project-specific discount rate for Alpha Co. when entering the new industry. Thus, the correct option is C. 11.12%.

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False. Instead of relying solely on credit, it is advisable to establish an emergency fund, which involves saving money specifically for unforeseen expenses.

Using credit as the ideal way to provide for financial emergencies is not true. While credit can be a helpful tool in certain situations, relying solely on credit to handle financial emergencies can lead to long-term debt and financial instability.

Here are a few reasons why using credit may not be the ideal solution for financial emergencies:

1. Interest and Fees: Using credit often involves paying interest and fees, which can add to the overall cost of the emergency expense. This can create a burden of debt that may be difficult to manage in the long run.

2. Repayment Challenges: Depending on the individual's financial situation, repaying the borrowed amount plus interest can be challenging, especially if there are already existing financial obligations. It may lead to a cycle of debt and financial stress.

3. Limited Availability: Credit options may not always be readily available or accessible to everyone, particularly for individuals with low credit scores or limited credit history.

Instead of relying solely on credit, it is advisable to establish an emergency fund, which involves saving money specifically for unforeseen expenses. Building an emergency fund can provide financial security and reduce the need for credit in emergencies.0

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The Annual Implementation and Compliance Report must be received by the Field Office before the close of business on October 10th each year.

The Annual Implementation and Compliance Report (ICR) is a report on affirmative action (AA) and equal employment opportunity (EEO) that is submitted by federal contractors and subcontractors to the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) to assess compliance with Executive Order 11246, Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974.Under Section 60-2.10(b) of the Regulations, the Annual Implementation and Compliance Report (ICR) must be received by the Field Office before the close of business on October 10th each year.

If the report is filed after the deadline, a notice of violation (NOV) may be issued to the contractor or subcontractor, according to the Rules and Regulations.

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Unions are organizations that: b. have the legal authority to represent workers

Unions are organizations that have the legal authority to represent workers. They are formed by workers themselves and operate under specific labor laws and regulations. Unions negotiate with employers on behalf of their members to secure better wages, benefits, working conditions, and other terms of employment through collective bargaining.

They play a crucial role in protecting workers' rights and advocating for their interests in the workplace.

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The amount that must be deposited by the parents when their child turns 7 in order to have 1,000,000 pesos when the child reaches the age of 18 is 318,475.35 pesos.

Let P be the required principal balance for the investment. As the money earns interest quarterly, the period is 11 years or 44 quarters. From the given, rate r = 9% = 0.09, n = 44 (quarterly periods), and FV = 1,000,000

The formula for future value with compound interest is:

FV = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Substituting the given values into the formula:

1,000,000 = P(1 + 0.09/44)^(44*11)

Simplifying the equation:

1,000,000 = P(1.0211)^44

Therefore,

P = 1,000,000 / (1.0211)^44

So,

P = 318,475.35

Therefore, the amount that must be deposited by the parents is P = 318,475.35 pesos.

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The major difference between logistics and Supply Chain Management (SCM) is that logistics is one part of SCM, while SCM has a broader scope.

Logistics is a subset of Supply Chain Management. It focuses on the movement and management of goods and materials within a company's operations. It includes activities such as procurement, which involves sourcing and acquiring the necessary materials and resources for production. Logistics also encompasses conversion, which involves the transformation of raw materials into finished products, as well as outsourcing, which involves contracting external entities to perform certain logistical functions.

On the other hand, Supply Chain Management is a broader concept that goes beyond logistics. SCM involves the coordination and integration of various activities, including logistics, to optimize the entire supply chain. It encompasses the entire journey of goods, services, information, and finances from the point of origin, such as suppliers and manufacturers, to the point of consumption, which can be the end customers. SCM focuses on streamlining processes, managing relationships with suppliers and customers, and optimizing overall supply chain performance.

Therefore, while logistics is a critical component of SCM, SCM itself has a wider scope that includes logistics and extends to cover strategic planning, forecasting, demand management, inventory control, collaboration with partners, and other activities aimed at achieving efficient and effective supply chain operations.

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Anderson's EPS (Earnings Per Share) can be calculated by dividing the net profits by the number of shares outstanding. In this case, EPS = $13 million / 5.2 million shares = $2.50 per share.

Explanation:  b. Anderson's book value per share is determined by dividing the total stockholders' equity by the number of shares outstanding.

Book value per share = $83 million / 5.2 million shares = $15.96 per share. The price-to-book-value ratio is calculated by dividing the stock price by the book value per share. Price-to-book-value ratio = $30 / $15.96 = 1.88.The firm's P/E (Price-to-Earnings) ratio is obtained by dividing the stock price by the EPS. P/E ratio = $30 / $2.50 = 12.

The company's net profit margin is calculated by dividing the net profits by the sales and expressing it as a percentage. Net profit margin = ($13 million / $218 million) * 100 = 5.96%.

The stock's dividend payout ratio is determined by dividing the dividends per share by the EPS. Dividend payout ratio = $1.58 / $2.50 = 0.632, or 63.2%. The dividend yield is calculated by dividing the dividends per share by the stock price and expressing it as a percentage. Dividend yield = ($1.58 / $30) * 100 = 5.27%.

The stock's PEG (Price/Earnings to Growth) ratio is obtained by dividing the P/E ratio by the annual earnings growth rate. PEG ratio = 12 / 6.2% = 1.94. Therefore:

a. EPS = $2.50

b. Book value per share = $15.96, Price-to-book-value ratio = 1.88

c. P/E ratio = 12

d. Net profit margin = 5.96%

e. Dividend payout ratio = 63.2%, Dividend yield = 5.27%

f. PEG ratio = 1.94

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a) True, False or Uncertain: True. Every allocation that is Pareto efficient is better for society than every allocation that is Pareto inefficient. In the case of a Pareto-efficient allocation, it is feasible to have at least one member of society better off without making anyone else worse off.

b) Market Failure: Market failure is a situation in which the market mechanism fails to distribute resources effectively. This happens when markets fail to account for all costs and benefits of an activity or when some people are unable to participate in a market.

Two Reasons for Market Failure include:

Externalities: Externalities arise when an activity impacts a third party who did not voluntarily engage in the activity. For example, pollution caused by a factory affects the health of nearby residents but is not reflected in the factory's costs.

Monopolies: A market is said to be monopolized when one company has complete control over the supply of a good or service. This limits competition, which can lead to higher prices and reduced access to the good or service.

c) The "Free Rider Problem" is a situation in which individuals benefit from a public good without contributing to its provision. The problem becomes worse as the number of people in society increases because each additional person adds to the problem of underprovision.

For example, suppose a public park is maintained by voluntary donations. One person may decide not to donate, assuming that others will donate and the park will still be maintained.

If many people do the same thing, the park may not be adequately maintained.

Coase Theorem states that if property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are low, bargaining between parties will lead to an efficient allocation of resources, regardless of who has the initial property right.

In other words, if parties can bargain without cost, they can reach an agreement that is efficient and independent of the initial allocation of property rights.

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The correct option is (a).

The price of the Sisyphean Company bond can be calculated using the present value of future cash flows, considering the bond's coupon payments and face value.

Given a coupon rate of 8.8% and semiannual coupon payments, we can determine the price of the bond using a yield to maturity (YTM) of 10%.

To calculate the price of the bond, we need to find the present value of the coupon payments and the face value. Since there will be ten semiannual periods (5 years), we discount each cash flow using the YTM of 10% divided by two for the semiannual period.

The present value of the coupon payments can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity:

PV(coupon payments) = Coupon Payment × [1 - (1 + YTM/2)^(-n)] / (YTM/2)

Where Coupon Payment is half the annual coupon rate multiplied by the face value, and n is the number of semiannual periods.

PV(coupon payments) = ($1,000 × 8.8% / 2) × [1 - (1 + 10%/2)^(-10)] / (10%/2)

PV(coupon payments) ≈ $43.60 × [1 - (1.05)^(-10)] / 0.05 ≈ $43.60 × 7.7217 ≈ $336.52

The present value of the face value can be calculated using the formula for the present value of a single future amount:

PV(face value) = Face Value / (1 + YTM/2)^n

PV(face value) = $1,000 / (1 + 10%/2)^10 ≈ $1,000 / (1.05)^10 ≈ $613.91

The price of the bond is the sum of the present value of the coupon payments and the present value of the face value:

Price = PV(coupon payments) + PV(face value)

Price ≈ $336.52 + $613.91 ≈ $950.43

Therefore, the price that this bond trades for will be closest to option A, $954.

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Answer:

Diddy Corp's cost of equity is 16.80%

Explanation:

The cost of equity is calculated using the following formula:

Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta*(Expected market return - Risk-free rate)

Plugging in the given values:

Cost of equity = 3% + 1.2*(14.50% - 3%)

Cost of equity = 3% + 1.2*(11.50%)

Cost of equity = 3% + 13.80%

Cost of equity = 16.80%

Therefore, Diddy Corp's cost of equity is 16.80%.

No ore is obtained through recycling, so the percentage of total demand satisfied by recycled ore is 0%

The inverse demand function for ore is given as P = 78 - 0.65Q. The marginal cost of mining ore is MC₁ = 791, and the marginal cost of obtaining ore through recycling is MC₂ = 13 + 4Q. We need to determine the percentage of total demand that is satisfied by recycled ore. In a perfectly competitive market, the marginal cost of production equals the market price.

Thus, to determine the equilibrium level of output, we set the two marginal costs equal to each other.

MC₁ = MC₂791 = 13 + 4QQ = 194.

The equilibrium output is 194.

To determine the equilibrium price, we substitute this quantity into the inverse demand function:

P = 78 - 0.65Q= 78 - 0.65(194)P = 65.1

Thus, the equilibrium price is 65.1.

To determine the quantity of ore obtained from recycling, we subtract the quantity mined from the total output. Qrec = Qtot - QmineQrec = 194 - Qmine

Now we substitute the equilibrium output level into the above equation.

Qrec = 194 - 194

Qrec = 0

Thus, no ore is obtained through recycling, so the percentage of total demand satisfied by recycled ore is 0%

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PESTLE analysis is an approach used to evaluate the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors of a business. It's important to carry out a PESTLE analysis for any business that wishes to implement AI and automation for a better customer experience and to become more competitive on the market.

Below is a PESTLE analysis of the feasibility of implementing AI and automation in businesses for this purpose: Political factors: These factors relate to the policies and regulations that may impact businesses using AI and automation. For instance, there may be strict regulations on data privacy and security, which businesses must comply with. Economic factors: AI and automation involve high costs of acquisition and implementation. Thus, businesses must analyze if the financial returns are worth the investments made in these technologies. The economic state of the market also determines the feasibility of implementing AI and automation. Social factors: Understanding the social context of the customers who will be using the AI and automation technology is crucial.

This is important in deciding whether the target audience will accept the use of these technologies or not. Technological factors: The feasibility of implementing AI and automation largely depends on technology advancements. The availability of technological infrastructure and the compatibility of different platforms should be evaluated for this purpose. Legal factors: AI and automation technologies are still subject to scrutiny by regulatory bodies. Businesses must ensure that their operations comply with all the legal regulations that have been put in place.

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For the statement “Aston Asphalt has paid an annual dividend of $1 per share on its common stock for the past 10 years and is expected to continue paying a dollar a share long into the future,” one share of the company’s stock is priced the same as a $1 perpetuity. The correct option is (e).

Perpetuity is a type of bond that pays a fixed amount of interest to the bondholder every year. The key feature of a perpetuity is that it never expires, meaning that the bondholder will receive interest payments indefinitely.Aston

Asphalt has paid an annual dividend of $1 per share on its common stock for the past 10 years and is expected to continue paying a dollar a share long into the future. This means that the company is expected to pay a dividend of $1 per share every year, indefinitely. Thus, the value of one share of the firm’s stock is the same as the present value of a $1 perpetuity.

The value of a perpetuity is calculated by dividing the annual payment by the discount rate (the required rate of return). In this case, the annual payment is $1 and the discount rate is the investor’s required rate of return. Since the company is expected to continue paying a dollar a share long into the future, the required rate of return is the cost of equity.

If the cost of equity is 10%, the value of one share of the firm’s stock is $10, which is the present value of a $1 perpetuity at a 10% discount rate. The correct option is (e).

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The  option B: required, According to the IFRS guidance for management's commentary, it is required to address the company's key relationships. This information is provided in the "Management Commentary" section of the financial statements.

Management commentary is an additional report in the annual financial statements. This report provides an explanation of the company's financial performance, position, and cash flow. This report also includes information about key relationships, such as customers, suppliers, and employees.

Five components make up the whole set of financial statements complying with IFRS. a financial position statement as of the period's end. a detailed income statement for the time period. a declaration of equity changes over the time period.

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After ten years Investor will have £38,146.84. Hence, the future value (FV) of investment will be £38,146.84.

You are scheduled to receive £18,000 in two years. When you receive it, you will invest it for eight more years at 9 percent per year. We need to determine how much will you have in ten years. We will use the following formula:  FV = PV(1+i)nWhere, FV = Future value of investment PV = Present value of investment i = Annual interest rate (in decimal form)n = Number of years Therefore, the initial present value (PV) is £18,000. This money is invested for eight more years at 9 percent per year. Hence, the interest rate (i) will be 9/100 = 0.09. Also, n = 8, as it will be invested for eight more years after two years. Therefore, the future value (FV) of investment will be: Future value= 18000(1+0.09)8= 18000(1.09)8= £38,146.84.

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We must take into account the weighted average of the expected returns of each stock in the portfolio in order to get the new expected return on the portfolio. The portfolio's new projected return is around 13.60%. Therefore, choice (E) is right.

Any mix of financial assets, including stocks, bonds, and cash, is referred to as a "portfolio". Individual individuals may hold portfolios, or financial experts, hedge funds, banks, and other financial organizations may manage them.

A portfolio should be created taking the investor's risk appetite, time horizon, and investment goals into consideration. This is a widely expected return acknowledged idea. The risk/reward ratio of the portfolio may be impacted by the monetary value of each item.

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a) Bond-equivalent yield is 16.03%.

b) The effective annual yield for both the scenarios is 16.03% and 23.9% respectively.

a) Bond equivalent yield refers to the yield of a bill that is adjusted to account for the fact that T-bills do not carry interest.

The bond-equivalent yield is calculated using the following formula:

BEY = (face value − price) / price × 360 / days to maturity.BEY = (10,000 − 9,600) / 9,600 × 360 / 91 = 15.1%

Effective annual yield (EAY) is the actual yield of the T-bill when all of the compounded yields over the life of the T-bill are taken into account.

The formula for calculating the effective annual yield is:

EAY = (1 + (r / m))^m − 1

The variable "r" represents the annual interest rate, while "m" denotes the frequency of compounding per year.

EAY = (1 + (15.1% / 4))^4 − 1 = 16.03%

b) The holding period yield is the return that an investor earns over the period of time that they own the security.

It is calculated using the following formula:

Holding period yield = (ending price + cash inflows − starting price) / starting price * 360 / holding period.

Holding period yield = (9,750 + 0 − 9,600) / 9,600 × 360 / 35 = 22.6%

Effective annual yield is the actual yield of the T-bill when all of the compounded yields over the life of the T-bill are taken into account.

Effective annual yield = (1 + (22.6% / 1))^1 − 1 = 23.9%.

Hence, the effective annual yield for both the scenarios is 16.03% and 23.9% respectively.

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A discount bond with a face value of $140,000 and a yield to maturity of 6% is analyzed to determine its current market price.  the figure that is closest to the bond's current market price is $132,075.

The current market price of a bond can be calculated using the present value formula, which discounts the future cash flows (the face value) at the yield to maturity (YTM) rate.

In this case, the face value of the bond is $140,000, and the YTM is 6%. To calculate the current market price, we can use the formula:

Current Market Price = Face Value / (1 + YTM)^n

where n represents the number of years until maturity.

Substituting the values, we find:

Current Market Price = $140,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1

Calculating the expression inside the parentheses:

Current Market Price = $140,000 / 1.06

Current Market Price ≈ $132,075.47

Among the provided options, $132,075 is the figure closest to the bond's current market price. Therefore, the answer is d) $132,075.

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Using cash to reduce accounts payable would increase Lincoln Industries' current ratio. The correct option is b.

The current ratio is a financial metric that measures a company's ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. A higher current ratio indicates a stronger liquidity position. In this case, Lincoln Industries has a current ratio of 0.5, which means its current assets are only half of its current liabilities. To increase the current ratio, the company needs to either increase its current assets or decrease its current liabilities.

Among the given options, using cash to reduce accounts payable would have a direct impact on the current liabilities side of the equation. By reducing the accounts payable, which represents the company's obligations to its creditors for goods and services received but not yet paid for, Lincoln Industries would decrease its current liabilities. As a result, the current ratio would increase because the denominator (current liabilities) would decrease while the numerator (current assets) remains the same.

Reducing accounts payable using cash means the company would use its available cash reserves to pay off outstanding debts. By doing so, it reduces the amount owed to creditors, which positively affects the current ratio. This action improves the company's liquidity position and increases its ability to meet short-term obligations.

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The value of the stock as of today is $88.50. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is, Stock price = D1/ (r - g) where, D1 is the dividend to be paid after one year. r is the required rate of return and g is the expected growth rate. Presently, the last dividend paid is $2.25. The expected growth rate for the next two years is 18.0000%.

Hence, the dividend to be paid after 1 year (D1) is: D1 = $2.25 x (1 + 18.0000%) = $2.655.

Next, the expected growth rate for the third year is 12.0000%. After the third year, there will be a constant growth of 7.0000%. Thus, the expected growth rate after the third year (g) is 7.0000%. Required rate of return (r) is 11.0000%.

Putting the values in the Gordon Growth Model formula,

Stock price = $2.655 / (11.0000% - 7.0000%) = $88.50

The dividend yield at time 0 is calculated as, Dividend yield = Last dividend paid / Current market value = $2.25 / $88.50 = 2.54%. The capital gains yield at time 0 is calculated as the difference between the current stock price and the price paid for the stock, divided by the price paid for the stock. It is given that the last dividend paid is the dividend to be paid for the next year, that is, at the end of year 0. Hence, the price paid for the stock will be the sum of last dividend paid and the price at which the stock was purchased.

Capital gains yield = (Price of stock at time 0 – Price paid for the stock) / Price paid for the stock = ($88.50 – ($2.25 + Purchase price)) / ($2.25 + Purchase price)

Calculation of the dividend yield and capital gains yield at time 3The dividend to be paid after 3 years (D3) is:D3 = D1 x (1 + g)² = $2.655 x (1 + 7.0000%)² = $3.2161.

The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is,Stock price = D4/ (r - g)

where, D4 is the dividend to be paid after 4 years. r is the required rate of return and g is the expected growth rate. The expected growth rate after the third year is 7.0000%.

Hence, the dividend to be paid after 4 years (D4) is:D4 = D3 x (1 + g) = $3.2161 x (1 + 7.0000%) = $3.4382.

Putting the values in the Gordon Growth Model formula,Stock price = $3.4382 / (11.0000% - 7.0000%) = $86.46

The dividend yield at time 3 is calculated as,Dividend yield = D3 / Stock price = $3.2161 / $86.46 = 3.72%

The capital gains yield at time 3 is calculated as the difference between the stock price at time 3 and the price paid for the stock, divided by the price paid for the stock. It is given that the last dividend paid is the dividend to be paid for the next year, that is, at the end of year 0.

Hence, the price paid for the stock will be the sum of last dividend paid and the price at which the stock was purchased. Thus, the price paid for the stock would be,

Price paid for the stock = $2.25 / (1 + 11.0000%) + $2.655 / (1 + 11.0000%)² + $3.2161 / (1 + 11.0000%)³

The price paid for the stock will be $72.63.

Capital gains yield = (Price of stock at time 3 – Price paid for the stock) / Price paid for the stock = ($86.46 – $72.63) / $72.63 = 19.05%

Therefore, the value of the stock as of today is $88.50. The dividend yield and capital gains yield at time 0 is 2.54% and -2.68% respectively. The dividend yield and capital gains yield at time 3 is 3.72% and 19.05% respectively.

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The calculation for the whole answer is shown below in the attached image. After calculation, the value of the stock today is $67.50, dividend yield in time 0 is 3.70%, capital gain yield in time 0 is 7.30%, dividend  yield in time 3 is 4.00%, and capital gain yield in time 3 is 7.00%.

Stocks are also known as equities or securities and represent a claim on the company's assets and earnings.

Capital gain yield, also known as the capital appreciation yield, is a measure of the return on an investment in stocks. It represents the percentage increase in the value of the stock over a given period, typically calculated on an annual basis.

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The mean expenses are RM 156.40.

The median expenses are RM 130.

Given a random sample of 10 students in IPTS recorded the following expenses in RM for July:1

23, 251, 102, 135, 120, 253, 301, 145, 125, 109.

The following statistics are to be computed using the given data sample:

Mean Expenses:

First, add up all the expenses:

123 + 251 + 102 + 135 + 120 + 253 + 301 + 145 + 125 + 109 = 1564

Therefore, the sum of expenses is 1564.

Then, divide the sum by the total number of expenses:1564/10 = 156.4

Therefore, the mean expenses are RM 156.40.

Median Expenses:

First, the data must be arranged in ascending order:102, 109, 120, 123, 125, 135, 145, 251, 253, 301Then, find the middle number. Since there are an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle numbers, which are 125 and 135.

So, (125+135)/2 = 130

Therefore, the median expenses are RM 130.

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FILL THE BLANK: "1. Advertising is preferable to personal selling in all these situations EXCEPT when the advertised product is technically complex."

Advertising is generally a preferred approach over personal selling in various situations, except when the advertised product is technically complex. In such cases, personal selling allows for direct interaction with potential consumers, enabling the salesperson to provide detailed explanations, demonstrate the product's features, and address any technical questions or concerns. Personal selling is particularly effective in situations where a high level of product knowledge and expertise is required to make informed purchasing decisions. On the other hand, in situations where potential consumers are geographically dispersed, advertising becomes more advantageous as it allows for reaching a wider audience and conveying key messages efficiently. Therefore, personal selling is not the preferred method when the advertised product is technically complex, as it may require more personalized and in-depth explanations that are better suited for direct interaction.

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Mary Lou will have approximately $23,514.12 in her savings account when she is ready to enroll in college.

To calculate the amount of money Mary Lou will have in her savings account when she is ready to enroll in college, we can use the compound interest formula:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A = the final amount

P = the principal amount (initial investment)

r = annual interest rate (as a decimal)

n = number of times interest is compounded per year

t = number of years

Given:

Principal amount (P) = $17,000

Annual interest rate (r) = 3.5% or 0.035

Compounded semiannually, so the interest is compounded twice per year (n = 2)

Number of years (t) = 9

Plugging in these values into the formula, we have:

A = 17000(1 + 0.035/2)^(2*9)

Calculating the exponent first:

A = 17000(1 + 0.0175)^(18)

Now, calculate the inside of the parentheses:

A = 17000(1.0175)^(18)

Using a calculator or a computer program, we can evaluate the expression inside the parentheses:

A ≈ 17000(1.3850653125)

Finally, multiply the principal amount by the evaluated expression to find the final amount:

A ≈ $23,514.12

Therefore, Mary Lou will have approximately $23,514.12 in her savings account when she is ready to enroll in college.

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