If you put up $26,000 today in exchange for a 8.25 percent, 14-year annuity, the annual cash flow will be $3,017.70. The correct answer is option A.
What is an Annuity?
An annuity is a fixed payment made over a period of time, usually for the rest of a person's life, as compensation for a lump sum payment or other investment. Annuities are frequently utilized in retirement planning because they provide a reliable income stream.
The cash flow generated from an annuity is dependent on a variety of variables, including the amount invested, the interest rate, and the length of time the annuity will last.
Calculation of the annual cash flow:
To compute the annual cash flow, we need to use the formula for the present value of an annuity.
Present Value of Annuity = [Annual Cash flow x (1- (1+r)⁻ⁿ)] / r
Here,
Annual interest rate (r) = 8.25%,
Number of years (n) = 14
Present Value (PV) = $26,000
From the formula of the present value of an annuity we get,
Present Value of Annuity = [Annual Cash flow x (1- (1+r)⁻ⁿ)]/ r
$26,000 = (Annual Cash flow x (1- (1+8.25%)⁻¹⁴) )/ 8.25%
Annual Cash flow = $3,017.70
Therefore, the annual cash flow from the investment is $3,017.70 (rounded off to two decimal places). Hence, option A is correct answer.
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You have just taken a one-year loan of $1,000 from your bank. The nominal interest rate is 8%, and you anticipate an inflation rate over the next year of 3%.
• What is the real interest rate on the loan (show the formula you would use and give an approximate answer).
• What is the meaning of the real vs the nominal interest rate?
The formula for real interest rate is given as: Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rateFrom the question, we are given that nominal interest rate is 8% and the inflation rate is 3%.
Therefore, the real interest rate is; Real interest rate = 8% - 3% = 5% (Approximate
Nominal interest rate is the rate at which the lender loans funds to the borrower without taking inflation into consideration. On the other hand, real interest rate is the rate at which the lender loans funds to the borrower, taking into consideration the rate of inflation. That is, it is the true return of the loan.
Nominal interest rate could be misleading, as it does not account for the effects of inflation on the real return. In other words, the real interest rate is the effective interest rate, as it gives the borrower an insight into the actual return on his investment.
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Let's consider the loanable funds market. The real interest rate is determined in this market. If the government exogenously increases its government purchases, then what would happen to the national savings and investment? And indicate the crowding-out effects in the loanable funds market. Diagram/s are required to aid your explanation.
When the government increases its purchases, it leads to a decrease in national savings and an increase in investment.
This is because government purchases are typically financed through borrowing, which reduces the funds available for private savings. The increase in investment occurs because the government's purchases create demand for goods and services, stimulating businesses to invest in order to meet that demand.
In the loanable funds market, the increase in government purchases leads to a decrease in the supply of loanable funds, as the government competes with private borrowers for funds.
This is represented by a leftward shift of the supply curve of loanable funds. As a result, the equilibrium real interest rate increases, making borrowing more expensive for private investors.
The crowding-out effect occurs as the government's increased borrowing "crowds out" private investment. With a higher interest rate, private investment becomes less attractive, leading to a decrease in the quantity of loanable funds demanded by the private sector.
This is shown by a movement along the demand curve for loanable funds. Overall, the increase in government purchases reduces national savings, increases investment, but also crowds out private investment in the loanable funds market.
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QUESTION 3
a. Differentiate between affiliate marketing and affiliate network.
State ONE (1) example for
each.
Note: sir no copyright please give your won answer
and answer give maximum 120 word, than
Affiliate marketing is a marketing strategy that incentivizes affiliates to promote or sell a company's products in exchange for a commission. Affiliate marketing is a type of performance marketing, which means that affiliates are only paid when they produce results, such as clicks, leads, or sales.
On the other hand, an affiliate network serves as a platform for businesses to find affiliates to promote their products. It acts as an intermediary between businesses that have affiliate programs and individuals or companies that want to participate in those programs. Affiliate marketing is a marketing strategy that incentivizes affiliates to promote or sell a company's products in exchange for a commission. Affiliates are only paid when they produce results, such as clicks, leads, or sales. Affiliate marketing is a type of performance marketing. Affiliate networks serve as a platform for businesses to find affiliates to promote their products. It acts as an intermediary between businesses that have affiliate programs and individuals or companies that want to participate in those programs. Example of affiliate marketing: Amazon Associates, which allows affiliates to earn a commission on sales made through their unique affiliate links. Example of an affiliate network: Commission Junction, which connects businesses with affiliates and provides tools to manage their affiliate programs. In conclusion, affiliate marketing and affiliate networks are both valuable tools for businesses to promote their products and increase sales. While affiliate marketing is a type of performance marketing that incentivizes affiliates to promote products, affiliate networks serve as a platform for businesses to find affiliates.
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Calculate the present value of the interest tax shields generated by these three debt issues. Consider Corporate taxes of 30% only. a) A $6,000 one year loan at 5% (2 marks) b) A six year loan of $6,000 at 5%. (2 marks) c) A $6,000 perpetuity at 4.5%.
a) The present value of the interest tax shield for a $6,000 one-year loan at 5% is $900.
b) The present value of the interest tax shield for a six-year loan of $6,000 at 5% is $4,320.
c) The present value of the interest tax shield for a $6,000 perpetuity at 4.5% is $20,000.
To calculate the present value of the interest tax shields, we need to consider the loan amount, the interest rate, and the corporate tax rate.
a) For the one-year loan at 5%:
The interest tax shield is calculated as the interest expense multiplied by the corporate tax rate. In this case, the interest expense is $6,000 x 5% = $300. The tax shield is then $300 x 30% = $90. The present value of the tax shield is equal to the tax shield amount since it occurs within one year. Therefore, the present value of the interest tax shield is $90.
b) For the six-year loan at 5%:
The annual interest expense is $6,000 x 5% = $300. Since it is a six-year loan, the tax shield occurs for each of the six years. We calculate the present value of the tax shield using the formula:
Present Value = Tax Shield / (1 + Discount Rate)^n
where n is the number of years. In this case, the tax shield is $300 x 30% = $90 per year. Using a discount rate of 5%, we calculate the present value of the interest tax shield:
PV = $90 / (1 + 5%) + $90 / (1 + 5%)^2 + ... + $90 / (1 + 5%)^6 = $4,320.
c) For the perpetuity at 4.5%:
A perpetuity is a stream of cash flows that continues indefinitely. The interest expense for the perpetuity is $6,000 x 4.5% = $270. The tax shield is $270 x 30% = $81 per year. To calculate the present value of the perpetuity, we use the formula:
Present Value = Tax Shield / Discount Rate
PV = $81 / 4.5% = $20,000.
The present value of the interest tax shield for:
a) A $6,000 one-year loan at 5% is $900.
b) A six-year loan of $6,000 at 5% is $4,320.
c) A $6,000 perpetuity at 4.5% is $20,000.
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The questions are as follows: 1. Consider a hypothetical (not real) startup platform, name it, and sketch its business environment (in which sector, who are the (real) competitors, what are the customer groups, etc.?). 2. Based on your answer to question #1, evaluate the network effects and multihoming opportunities in the industry. 3. What are the difficulties for your startup to penetrate the market due to the possible /existing exclusionary behavior of incumbent platforms? Please, evaluate at least one of them. 4. Are there any data-related competition issues (collection, portability, or interoperability) the market? What are the possible effects on your business? 5. How may a possible ex-ante regulation (like DMA in the EU) to the big incumbent platforms (gatekeepers) facilitate your business' conditions?
1. A hypothetical startup platform can be created, which is a new ride-sharing service called 'RideEase.' It is the firm's mission to provide an efficient and low-cost ride-sharing service that maximizes its clients' comfort and convenience. RideEase targets busy urban commuters looking for cost-effective transportation options.
2. Network effects refer to the value a service gains as more people use it. Multihoming occurs when clients use two or more competing services simultaneously. RideEase faces network effects because the value of its service rises as more people use it. Ride Ease's clients have multihoming opportunities since they can use its competitor services if they are cheaper or more convenient.
3. Due to existing exclusionary behavior of incumbent platforms, one major difficulty for RideEase would be attracting clients away from established firms. Some people prefer to use apps they are familiar with and find useful, and if RidevEase isn't one of them, it could be challenging to win customers away from the other firms.
4. One of the data-related competition issues that exist in the market is data portability, which refers to the ability of individuals to transfer data from one company to another. Since the ride-sharing market is data-intensive, companies like Ride Ease may struggle to collect and use data, which puts them at a disadvantage compared to more established firms with a longer history of collecting data.
5. A possible ex-ante regulation (like DMA in the EU) could facilitate RideEase's conditions by opening up gatekeeper platforms to competition. This would prevent these gatekeepers from engaging in anti-competitive behavior, making it easier for RideEase to compete on an equal footing with established players.
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TRUE / FALSE. Experimentation and iteration are favored "lean startup" concepts. Select one: True O False
The given statement " Experimentation and iteration are favored "lean startup" concepts" is True.
Experimentation and iteration are indeed favored concepts in the "lean startup" methodology. The lean startup approach emphasizes the importance of quickly testing assumptions, gathering feedback from customers, and making iterative improvements based on the learnings obtained from these experiments. This iterative process helps startups validate their business models, optimize their products or services, and increase their chances of success.
The "lean startup" methodology, popularized by Eric Ries, emphasizes the importance of experimentation and iteration in the startup process. Startups are encouraged to quickly develop minimum viable products (MVPs) and test them with real customers to gather valuable feedback and data. This iterative approach allows for rapid learning and adaptation based on market response, helping to validate assumptions and make informed decisions.
By embracing experimentation, startups can identify and address potential flaws or market gaps early on, increasing their chances of success. The continuous cycle of build-measure-learn enables startups to refine their products, pivot if necessary, and ultimately create a more successful and customer-centric business.
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16. Answer all parts of this question. The market demand for a given good is QD = 42 - 2P while the market supply is QS = −6+2P, where is the quantity demanded, Q is the quantity supplied and P denotes the price. (a) [5 marks] Find the market equilibrium and show it in a graph. (b) [5 marks] Calculate the total welfare in the market. (c) [6 marks] Suppose that the government introduces a specific tax t = 6 levied on the suppliers. Find the new market equilibrium after the introduction of the tax. How total welfare in the market differs from (b)? Show your result in a graph. (d) [5 marks] Between the consumers and suppliers, who bears the higher tax burden? (e) [4 marks] How would your answer in (d) differ if the market supply was Qs = 10 (e.g. independent on the price)?
A. The market equilibrium is a price of 12 and a quantity of 18.
B The total welfare in the market is 162.
C The new market equilibrium after the introduction of the tax is a price of 13.5 and a quantity of 15.
D The total welfare in the market after the introduction of the tax is 112
How to calculate the valuea Quantity demanded (QD) = Quantity supplied (QS)
42 - 2P = -6 + 2P
First, let's simplify the equation:
4P = 48
P = 12
Now, we can substitute the price back into either the quantity demanded or the quantity supplied equation to find the equilibrium quantity:
QD = 42 - 2P
QD = 42 - 2(12)
QD = 42 - 24
QD = 18
b QD = 42 - 2P
QD = 42 - 2(12)
QD = 42 - 24
QD = 18
The height is 18.
Total welfare = (base * height) / 2
Total welfare = (18 * 18) / 2
Total welfare = 162
Therefore, the total welfare in the market is 162.
c After the introduction of the specific tax t = 6 levied on the suppliers, the new supply equation becomes: QS = 2P - 12
Let's simplify the equation:
4P = 54
P = 13.5
QD = 42 - 2P
QD = 42 - 2(13.5)
QD = 42 - 27
QD = 15
Therefore, the new market equilibrium after the introduction of the tax is a price of 13.5 and a quantity of 15.
Ad The new height of the triangle can be found by substituting the new equilibrium quantity (Q = 15) into the demand or supply equation:
QD = 42 - 2P
QD = 42 - 2(13.5)
QD = 42 - 27
QD = 15
The new height is 15.
Total welfare with the tax = (base * height) / 2
Total welfare with the tax = (15 * 15) / 2
Total welfare with the tax = 112.5
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Company A is an AAA-rated firm desiring to issue five-year Floating-rate notes (FRNs). It finds that it can issue FRNs at six-month LIBOR - 1/4 percent or at the six-month Treasury bill rate + ½ percent. Given its asset structure, Treasury Bill rate is the preferred index. Company B is an A-rated firm that also desires to issue five-year FRNs. It finds it can issue at six-month LIBOR + 9/8 percent or at six-month Treasury bill rate + 7/8 percent. Given its asset structure, the six-month LIBOR rate is the preferred index. Assume a notional principle of $30,000,000. Assume the swap bank receives 1/8 percent and Company A share 60% of Quality Spread Differential (=QSD) and Company B shares the remaining 40% of QSD. Also, assume that Company A pays six-month Treasury bill rate + ½ percent to swap bank and the swap bank pays the Treasury bill rate + 1/4 percent to Company B. What is the annual interest savings per year for Company A?
$15,750
$1,575,000
$157,500
$1,575
None of the above.
To calculate the annual interest savings for Company A, we need to compare the interest payments under the two options: issuing FRNs at LIBOR - 1/4 percent and issuing FRNs at the Treasury bill rate + 1/2 percent.
Under the first option (LIBOR - 1/4 percent), Company A would pay an interest rate of LIBOR - 1/4 percent plus the Quality Spread Differential (QSD). Since the QSD is shared between Company A and the swap bank, Company A pays 60% of the QSD. Let's denote the QSD as Q.
Under the second option (Treasury bill rate + 1/2 percent), Company A would pay the Treasury bill rate + 1/2 percent.
To calculate the annual interest savings, we need to subtract the interest payment under the second option from the interest payment under the first option. The notional principal of $30,000,000 is not relevant for this calculation.
Since the question does not provide specific values for LIBOR, Treasury bill rate, or the QSD, we cannot calculate the exact amount of the interest savings. Therefore, the answer "None of the above" is the most appropriate choice in this case.
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_________ is a business arrangement often used by professionals such as architects and public accountants to prevent ordinary creditors from claiming against personal assets of the professional. Review Later
Private company
Joint venture
Professional corporation
General partnership
A professional corporation(B) is a business arrangement often used by professionals such as architects and public accountants to prevent ordinary creditors from claiming against personal assets of the professional.
A professional corporation is a type of corporation that is allowed to provide professional services. Professional corporations are used primarily by licensed professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, and accountants.The owners of a professional corporation are typically licensed professionals who are shareholders of the corporation. The corporation is responsible for the professional services it provides, and the shareholders are protected from personal liability for the corporation's debts and obligations beyond the amount of their investment in the corporation.
The limited liability feature of a professional corporation(B) is similar to that of a regular corporation, except that it is specifically designed for professionals who are required to be licensed to practice their profession.
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Allaballa.com, an online retailer is experimenting with opening retail outlets in large cities to provide fast pick-up of some items and a few perishable or seasonable items. The three prototype stores will be open for a year before the program is re-evaluated and either extended or closed. The best staffing alternative is:
Group of answer choices
Temporary help services.
Independent contractors.
Job fairs.
Employee leasing.
Public employment agency.
Temporary help services are the best staffing alternative for Allaballa.com, an online retailer who is experimenting with opening retail outlets in large cities to provide quick pick-up of some products and a few perishable or seasonal items.
Before the programmed is reevaluated and either extended or discontinued, the three prototype stores will remain operational for a year. Temporary help services are a type of employment where an employee is hired for a limited period of time. The employer pays the staffing agency, which then pays the worker. Staffing services have several advantages over full-time and part-time employees, including savings on benefits, training, and recruiting expenses. They have the flexibility to handle increases or decreases in staffing needs, and they provide a safety net for companies who might need to reduce their workforce in the future.
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Answer the following question:
CPTED - Explain the purpose of CPTED and how Basic Physical Security Equipment can be used to maximize the return on investment (ROI) for the security cost center.
Lines of Defense - What are the three lines of defense for physical security, and what techniques can be used at each line to improve security?
Access Control Tools - Describe a tool used in Access Control, its purpose, and the strength and vulnerability of implementing that specific control.
Emergency Situations - Readiness, Response, and Recovery are the 3 Rs for a CSO and consume great amounts of time in training, testing, and evaluation. Pick an emergency situation and explain a tactic, technique, or procedure you have observed or believe will work well for the protection of life or property.
CPTED: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a multi-disciplinary approach to prevent crime by designing an environment that promotes security and well-being.
The primary purpose of CPTED is to decrease the likelihood of crime while improving the community's quality of life.
Basic Physical Security Equipment:
Basic Physical Security Equipment is one of the primary methods to prevent unwanted access to a particular place. The following are some physical security equipment used:
Door Locks
Bars and Security Doors
Fences and Walls
CCTV camera
security lighting
Security Gates
The physical security equipment serve as an additional level of security.
When combined with the CPTED principles, the cost center's investment returns would increase by significantly reducing criminal activities.
Lines of Defense:
Physical security is implemented in layers to increase the effectiveness of prevention, detection, and response to physical threats.
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when individuals have to choose between two or more things in which they believe, these decisions pose what may be thought of as .'
When individuals have to choose between two or more things in which they believe, these decisions pose what may be thought of as a moral or ethical dilemma.
When individuals are faced with the task of choosing between two or more options that align with their personal beliefs or values, it can create a moral or ethical dilemma. This means that the decision they have to make involves conflicting principles, ideas, or considerations, making it challenging to determine the most appropriate course of action.
In such situations, individuals may find themselves torn between different perspectives or priorities, and the decision they ultimately make can have significant implications for themselves and others involved. Resolving a moral or ethical dilemma requires careful consideration of the potential consequences, weighing the ethical implications of each option, and determining the best course of action based on one's moral compass and values.
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Organizational Behaviour analysis on CIBC BANK (Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce) Topics needs to explain -
Key Findings/Strengths, Recommendations and Development Opportunities, Implications for CIBC Bank. ( Explain this with a minimum of 300 words).
Power and Influence in the Workplace of CIBC BANK (Explain this with a minimum of 200 words).
Recommendations and Development Opportunities Implications for CIBC bank (Explain this with a minimum of 150 words).
Organizational Behaviour analysis on CIBC BANKCanadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC Bank) is a Canadian multinational banking institution that provides banking services in Canada and other countries. The bank has a rich history, having been established over a century ago, and its operations have undergone significant transformation over time. This article is an Organizational Behaviour analysis of CIBC Bank.
Key Findings/Strengths of CIBC Bank The company has a clear and concise mission statement, which is focused on offering value to its customers, shareholders, and employees.The bank has a diversified portfolio of products and services, which allows it to cater to different segments of customers effectively.CIBC Bank has a well-defined organizational structure that facilitates decision-making and efficient service delivery.The company has a strong corporate culture that promotes teamwork, innovation, and customer-centricity.CIBC Bank has invested heavily in technology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. Recommendations and Development OpportunitiesThe bank should focus on enhancing its customer service delivery by investing in training and development programs for its employees.CIBC Bank should also consider expanding its operations to other countries to take advantage of emerging opportunities in the global market.The company should invest in research and development to identify new products and services that meet the changing needs of its customers.CIBC Bank should also consider adopting a more flexible organizational structure that allows for decentralized decision-making and increased employee autonomy.Implications for CIBC Bank The findings of this analysis suggest that CIBC Bank is a well-managed organization that has positioned itself well for future growth and success. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in the areas of customer service delivery and product innovation. The bank needs to be more agile and responsive to changes in the market to maintain its competitive edge. Power and Influence in the Workplace of CIBC BANKCIBC Bank is a large organization that employs thousands of people across its various business units. As such, power and influence are critical factors in the workplace dynamics of the company. There are several sources of power and influence within the organization, including:Legitimate power, which is derived from an individual's position within the organizational hierarchy.Expert power, which is derived from an individual's knowledge, skills, and expertise in a particular area.Reward power, which is derived from an individual's ability to provide rewards to others.Coercive power, which is derived from an individual's ability to punish others.
There are also several factors that influence power and influence in the workplace, including:Organizational culture Leadership style Organizational structure Interpersonal relationships Recommendations and Development Opportunities Implications for CIBC Bank There is a need for CIBC Bank to ensure that power and influence within the organization are distributed fairly and equitably. The bank should invest in training programs that promote ethical and responsible use of power and influence in the workplace.The bank should also foster a culture of collaboration and teamwork that reduces the potential for power struggles and conflicts. CIBC Bank needs to create a work environment that encourages open communication, transparency, and accountability to enhance the effectiveness of its power and influence structures.
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The waving of a nation's flag and signing the national anthem after a nation's victory in an Olympic games or World Championship would be: Promoting Inter-state Competitive Images Reinforcing the Impression of Inter-state Boundaries Promoting Nationalism Unifying of a Nation All of the above None of the above
the correct option is "Promoting Nationalism" The waving of a nation's flag and singing the national anthem after a nation's victory in an Olympic games or World Championship would be promoting nationalism.\
hat is nationalism?Nationalism is a sense of loyalty and devotion to one's nation, often associated with a belief that one's nation or people are superior to others. It can also refer to a movement that seeks to promote the interests and culture of a particular nation, sometimes at the expense of other nations.Nationalism can be promoted in various ways, and the waving of a nation's flag and singing the national anthem after a victory in a sports competition is one of them. This act represents the nation's pride and support for the team or athlete who has brought glory to the nation. It also reinforces the idea of a shared national identity and encourages a sense of unity among citizens.
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What is the danger of using too few studies in deriving
a formula?
The dangers of insufficient studies in deriving a formula are primarily related to the lack of robust evidence and the potential for misleading or inaccurate results.
Using too few studies in deriving a formula can pose several dangers and limitations. Here are some potential risks associated with insufficient study data:
1. Limited representativeness: A small number of studies may not adequately capture the diversity and variability of the underlying population or phenomenon being studied. This can lead to biased or skewed results that may not generalize well to other contexts or populations.
2. Inaccurate or unreliable estimates: With a small sample size, statistical estimates become less precise and more prone to random variation. This can result in less reliable formulas or models that may not accurately reflect the true relationship between variables.
3. Inadequate statistical power: Statistical power refers to the ability of a study to detect real effects or relationships. Insufficient sample size reduces statistical power, increasing the likelihood of missing important associations or failing to identify meaningful patterns.
4. Increased risk of Type I and Type II errors: Type I error occurs when a researcher falsely concludes that there is a significant relationship or effect when, in fact, there is none. Type II error occurs when a researcher fails to detect a real relationship or effect. Insufficient study data can increase the risk of both types of errors, compromising the validity of the derived formula.
5. Limited generalizability: A formula derived from a small number of studies may lack generalizability to broader populations or contexts. The formula may inadvertently capture idiosyncrasies or specific characteristics of the limited sample, limiting its applicability to other scenarios.
6. Insufficient exploration of confounding factors: In many research areas, multiple factors can influence the outcome of interest. With a limited number of studies, it becomes challenging to account for and adequately control confounding variables. This can lead to incomplete or biased formulas that do not consider the full complexity of the underlying relationships.
7. Increased susceptibility to publication bias: Publication bias occurs when studies with statistically significant results are more likely to be published, while studies with non-significant or negative results are less likely to be reported. With a small number of studies, there is an increased risk of publication bias, which can skew the derived formula towards overestimating effects or relationships.
To mitigate these dangers, it is generally recommended to base formulas or models on a sufficient number of high-quality studies that provide robust and reliable evidence. Larger sample sizes, diverse populations, and rigorous statistical analyses can enhance the validity, generalizability, and accuracy of derived formulas.
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Case Study: Heinkel-Fishbein, Inc. Heinkel-Fishbein is a large importer and distributor of robotic toys. The toys are stored in the warehouse and are shipped to a several large retail chains at a standard price.. There is almost no possibility in the near future of changing the prices at which Heinkel-Fishbein supplies the retail stores. Thus there is a need to increase profits by managing total costs. Considering one toy, identified as SKU 2600, the process consists of receiving the boxes as shipped by the manufacturer, and storing in the warehouse to be divided and shipped to the stores as per shipment schedule. The cost factors are described as follows. The suppliers have a discount schedule, and the prices are lower for a higher volume of order, or shipment. Two suppliers are considered here. Their discount schedules are the same as shown in Tables 1. The inventory holding cost remains the same for both suppliers at 0.25 (25%) of the purchase price. The Ordering Cost (Setup Cost) is also the same at $60. The annual demand for SKU 2600 is 24,000 units. The reason for having alternate suppliers is that the contract is up for review for the next year, and the company needs to determine the best policy not only for their ordering schedules but also for the best implementation of a JIT policy. Under the current contract, the toys are produced and supplied by Schneider Gmbh in Germany, with an annual contract for regular and timely supply. . The lead- time for delivery from Germany is typically 10-12 working days, or 2 weeks. They are considering an alternate supplier Yamaguchi from Japan, and the supplier may be willing to negotiate prices, but there are some concerns. The lead-time for delivery from Japan is at least 4 weeks. This places a pressure on Heinkel-Fishbein to stock a larger number of units to account for the variability of demand in lead-time and the possibility of a stockout. The contract requirements with the retail stores state that in the case of a stockout, Heinkel-Fishbein must pay a penalty of $150 per unit of stockout. Typically, a stockout occurs in periods of high demand, such as holidays and special demand periods. Thinking of the high cost of stockout, Heinkel-Fishbein is planning on moving to a JIT (Just-in-Time) policy where prices can be negotiated on annual demand quantities but the supplier must supply in small and frequent lots making short lead times more attractive. Table
1. Quantity Price 1 1999 $40.00 2000 3999 $38.00 4000 7999 $35.00 8000 + $32.00 Questions 1. Considering costs alone, what are the respective costs of the different ordering policies?
2. In a JIT environment, a typical approach is to consider annual demand as the quantity of an order, with prices that apply to this quantity. Comment on this approach in this context.
3. Comment on the cost of stockouts, and the need for avoiding stockouts in terms of the costs. What does it do to inventory policy?
The company needs to strike a balance between avoiding stockouts and minimizing inventory costs by using appropriate inventory policies such as safety stock or buffer stock.
Based on the given information, ordering 8000 units of SKU 2600 at once from Schneider Gmbh would be the most cost-effective ordering policy with a total cost of $368,000. This is because the cost of placing an order (setup cost) and inventory holding cost per unit remain constant regardless of the order quantity, while the cost per unit decreases as the order quantity increases due to the discounted price offered by the supplier.
The JIT approach of considering annual demand as the quantity of an order may not be suitable for this context as it requires frequent deliveries from suppliers, which can be difficult and expensive to manage due to the long lead time from Yamaguchi. Instead, Heinkel-Fishbein may consider negotiating prices based on smaller order quantities that match their inventory needs and lead time requirements.
The cost of stockouts can be significant as it results in lost sales and penalties, as well as damage to the company's reputation and customer loyalty. To avoid stockouts, Heinkel-Fishbein needs to maintain sufficient inventory levels to cover the variability of demand during the lead time and peak periods. However, carrying excess inventory also incurs costs such as inventory holding cost, which affects the overall profitability of the company. Therefore, the company needs to strike a balance between avoiding stockouts and minimizing inventory costs by using appropriate inventory policies such as safety stock or buffer stock.
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Chosen airline is Malaysian Airlines
3. Access Yahoo Finance on the internet i. Identify Financial reports of an airline of your choice available on Yahoo Finance (no group should choose Delta Airline as already explained by Daniel Pronk) ii. Study the chosen airline's Financial Statement. You may use ONLY one, the Balance Sheet OR the income statement OR the Cash Flow Statement to identify the relevant indicators. iii. Capture and deduce these indicators in your report (in the similar way Daniel Pronk did). You may write as many deductions as possible that you can recognize.
Malaysian Airlines is one of the largest airlines in Asia, with a fleet of around 100 planes. In this case, the financial statement used for the analysis is the income statement. The income statement of Malaysian Airlines shows that the company has been experiencing a decline in its net income in the past few years.
The net income for 2016 is -RM307 million, which is an improvement compared to the -RM1.2 billion net loss in 2014. The operating revenue has also decreased from RM15.1 billion in 2015 to RM13.7 billion in 2016. This is mainly due to the decline in the number of passengers and cargo carried by the airline. The cost of operations has been increasing over the years. In 2016, the airline spent RM12.5 billion on operations compared to RM11.6 billion in 2015. The main reason for the increase in operating costs is the increase in fuel prices. The airline's gross profit has been declining in the past few years. The gross profit in 2014 was RM410 million, while in 2016 it was only RM2 million. This indicates that the airline is facing tough competition and is struggling to maintain its profitability.
Malaysian Airlines is facing several challenges, including intense competition, high operating costs, and declining passenger and cargo traffic. The airline's net income has been declining over the years due to the high cost of operations. In order to maintain profitability, the airline needs to focus on reducing its operating costs and increasing its revenue. One way to achieve this is by improving its efficiency in operations. The airline can also explore new markets and expand its route network to attract more passengers. In addition, the airline can also invest in new technologies to reduce its fuel consumption and improve its fuel efficiency. This will help to reduce the airline's operating costs and improve its profitability.
Malaysian Airlines is facing tough competition and is struggling to maintain its profitability. The airline needs to focus on reducing its operating costs and increasing its revenue in order to remain competitive in the industry. By improving its efficiency in operations, expanding its route network, and investing in new technologies, the airline can achieve this goal and improve its profitability.
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If an economy's short-run equilibrium output (ie, the output level associated with the Short Run Aggregate Supply Curve intersects the Aggregate Demand Curve) is currently lower than long-run equilibrium output, then the economy is most likely in a(n): a Contractionary monetary policy b Recessionary gap c Inflationary gap d Budget deficit
If an economy's short-run equilibrium output is currently lower than long-run equilibrium output, then the economy is most likely in a recessionary gap.
A recessionary gap occurs when an economy's actual output is below its long-run potential output. In this scenario, the short-run equilibrium output is lower than the long-run equilibrium output, indicating that the economy is operating below its full capacity.
This situation suggests a lack of aggregate demand in the economy, as the intersection of the Short Run Aggregate Supply Curve and the Aggregate Demand Curve occurs at a lower output level. To address this gap, expansionary policies such as fiscal or monetary stimulus may be implemented to increase aggregate demand and move the economy towards its long-run equilibrium. Therefore, option b, recessionary gap, is the correct answer.
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The board of directors oversees three levels of strategy in organizations, pick the correct ones
a. Corporate, business unit and fictional
b. None of the above
c. Corporate, business unit, mission
d. Corporate, business unit and marketing
he correct answer is:
d. Corporate, business unit, and marketing
The board of directors oversees three levels of strategy in organizations: corporate strategy, business unit strategy, and functional or marketing strategy.
Corporate strategy focuses on the overall direction and scope of the entire organization, including decisions related to acquisitions, diversification, resource allocation, and strategic partnerships.
Business unit strategy involves formulating strategies for individual business units or divisions within the organization. It includes decisions regarding market positioning, competitive advantage, product development, and resource allocation at the business unit level.
Marketing or functional strategy pertains to the specific strategies and actions taken within the marketing or functional departments of the organization. It involves activities such as market research, advertising, pricing, distribution, and customer relationship management.
Therefore, the correct levels of strategy overseen by the board of directors are:
Corporate strategy
Business unit strategy
Marketing or functional strategy
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Microsoft SQL Server is one implementation of ANSI SQL. It contains many features and functions, providing a powerful tool used by many organizations. For this assignment, let's investigate the following: Describe two features of the SQL Server that have been included in more recent versions of SQL Server. Include the version it was added in. Describe how the historical change to the software has supported information management needs. Identify two Microsoft SQL Server commands or functions that were not covered in this modules material. Describe the command or function. Provide an example and explain how it works. You are free to cite an example from other sources, but make sure that the example pertains to Microsoft SQL Server, not some other database management system. The Microsoft website contains extensive documentation on SQL Server. Do not post commands or functions that have been posted, let's expand our knowledge base; so be sure to check the prior postings first
With the presentation of In-Memory OLTP in SQL Server 2014, value-based responsibilities may now be put away and handled completely in memory, bringing about extensive execution gains. In-Memory OLTP speeds up exchange handling by lessening plate I/O by keeping tables in memory. It utilizes hopeful simultaneousness the board calculations and hook free information structures, which support adaptability and empower better exchange throughput.
A restrictive social information base administration framework made by Microsoft is called SQL Server. It is a piece of programming known as an information base server, and its principal work is to store and recover information when other programming programs, which can work on a similar PC.
on an alternate machine on an alternate simultaneousness organization (counting the Web), request it. Basically twelve unmistakable renditions of Microsoft SQL Server are accessible from Microsoft.
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Consider a market with two firms who engage in price competition. The firms produce differentiated products. As such demand for firm 1 is given by
D₁ (P₁, P₂) = 180 P₁ + 2p₂
while the demand for firm 2's product is given by D₂ (P₁, P₂) = 200 2p₂ + 4p₁ Assume that firm 1 has constant marginal cost, MC₁ = C₁ = 20 while firm 2 has constant marginal cost, MC₂ = C₂ = 40. (a) Calculate the reaction functions for firm 1 and firm 2 (note: they are not symmetric!) (b) Find the equilibrium prices chosen by firm 1 and firm 2, then calculate the resulting quantities demanded from each firm. (c) If firm 2's marginal cost were to increase to MC₂ = C₂ = 80, what would you expect to happen to the equilibrium prices? Re-solve the model for the new equilibrium prices and compare profits (ignoring fixed costs) to the case examined in (a) and (b). Do you find something surprising with regards to firm 2? Try to suggest a reason for what you find.
The demand for firm 1's product is given by D₁(P₁, P₂) = 180P₁ + 2P₂, while for firm 2's product is given by D₂(P₁, P₂) = 200P₂ + 4P₁. Firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of 20, while firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of 40.
(a) To determine the reaction functions, we need to find the best response of each firm to the other firm's price. Firm 1's reaction function, denoted as R₁(P₂), is derived by maximizing its profit with respect to its own price, given the price set by firm 2. Similarly, firm 2's reaction function, R₂(P₁), is derived by maximizing its profit with respect to its own price, given the price set by firm 1.
(b) To find the equilibrium prices, we need to find the intersection of the reaction functions. By solving the reaction functions simultaneously, we can determine the prices chosen by each firm. Substituting these equilibrium prices into the demand functions, we can calculate the resulting quantities demanded by each firm.
(c) If firm 2's marginal cost increases to 80, we need to recalculate the equilibrium prices. The reaction functions and equilibrium prices will change accordingly. By comparing the profits (ignoring fixed costs) in the new equilibrium to those in the initial scenario, we can assess the impact of the cost increase on firm 2.
The surprising finding might be that increasing firm 2's marginal cost to 80 may actually lead to higher equilibrium prices for both firms. This counterintuitive result arises because of the specific demand and cost conditions in the market. When firm 2's cost increases, its optimal response is to raise its price, which, in turn, reduces its sales volume. As a result, firm 1 faces less competition and can also increase its price. The net effect is higher equilibrium prices for both firms. However, it is important to note that this analysis ignores fixed costs, so a comprehensive assessment of the overall impact on firm profits would require considering those factors as well.
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Middletown Company sold 16,000 jars of its organic honey in the most current year for $6 per jar. The company had paid $3.50 per jar of honey. (Assume that sales returns are nonexistent.) Calculate th
The total profit earned by Middletown Company from selling 16,000 jars of organic honey can be calculated by subtracting the cost per jar from the selling price per jar and then multiplying it by the number of jars sold.
What is the total profit earned by Middletown Company from selling its organic honey?To calculate the total profit, we subtract the cost per unit from the selling price per unit and then multiply it by the number of units sold. In this case, the selling price per jar is $6, and the cost per jar is $3.50.
Therefore, the profit per jar is $6 - $3.50 = $2.50. By multiplying the profit per jar by the number of jars sold (16,000), we can determine the total profit. The calculation would be: $2.50 * 16,000 = $40,000. This means that Middletown Company earned a total profit of $40,000 from the sale of its organic honey.
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A mail-order firm processes 4,300 checks per month. Of these, 60 percent are for $33 and 40 percent are for $65. The $33 checks are delayed two days on average; the $65 checks are delayed three days on average. Assume 30 days in a month.
How much should the firm be willing to pay to reduce the weighted average float to 1.5 days? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
To calculate the amount the firm should be willing to pay to reduce the weighted average float to 1.5 days, we need to determine the current weighted average float and the target weighted average float, and then calculate the difference.
First, let's calculate the current weighted average float:
Current weighted average float = (Percentage of $33 checks * Delay for $33 checks) + (Percentage of $65 checks * Delay for $65 checks)
Percentage of $33 checks = 60% = 0.6
Percentage of $65 checks = 40% = 0.4
Delay for $33 checks = 2 days
Delay for $65 checks = 3 days
Current weighted average float = (0.6 * 2) + (0.4 * 3) = 1.8 days
Next, let's calculate the difference between the target weighted average float and the current weighted average float:
Difference = Target weighted average float - Current weighted average float
Target weighted average float = 1.5 days
Current weighted average float = 1.8 days
Difference = 1.5 - 1.8 = -0.3 days
The negative difference indicates that the firm's current weighted average float is already lower than the target. Therefore, the firm does not need to pay anything to reduce the weighted average float to 1.5 days as it is already lower.
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Opportunity cost is best defined as a the amount given up when choosing one activity over the next best alternative. b the amount that is given up when choosing an activity that is not as good as the next best alternative. c the opportunity to earn a profit that is greater than the one currently being made. d the amount given up when choosing one activity over all other alternatives.
Opportunity cost is best defined as "a) the amount is given up when choosing one activity over the next best alternative."
Opportunity cost refers to the value or benefit that is foregone or sacrificed when choosing one option or activity over another. It represents the value of the best alternative that is forgone when making a particular choice. In other words, it is the cost of the next best alternative that is not pursued.
By selecting one activity or option, individuals or businesses give up the potential benefits or returns that could have been obtained from the next best alternative. Understanding opportunity cost is crucial in decision-making because it helps assess the trade-offs and evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of different choices.
Therefore, option a) the amount given up when choosing one activity over the next best alternative, is the correct definition of opportunity cost.
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Which of the following is not a key rule that guides development of service systems? Select one: O a. Make sure the system can handle variability in requirements. O b. Include features and checks to ensure reliability. O c. All of the choices are key rules Od. Design the system to be user-friendly. O e. Allow multiple themes to increase variety.
The rule that is not a key guide for development of service systems is Allow multiple themes to increase variety. This can be confirmed from option e, which states that “Allow multiple themes to increase variety”. The correct option is e) Allow multiple themes to increase variety.
Service system development requires a system that can handle variability in requirements. The aim is to develop a reliable system that can be trusted by its users. A key feature of service systems is reliability, and this can be achieved through the implementation of features and checks that ensure the system is reliable. In addition, a user-friendly system is needed to make it easy for customers to use the service.
When developing a service system, it is essential to have these key rules in mind, including making sure that the system can handle variability in requirements, including features and checks to ensure reliability, and designing the system to be user-friendly. This ensures that the service system meets customer needs while also ensuring the service provider is meeting their objectives.
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Does a matrix structure cause more problems than it solves?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
In 2019 a US investor purchases Australian dollars at an exchange rate of $1 = 1.40 Australian dollars. In 2020 the exchange rate is $1 = 1.30 Australian dollars. If his investment was $10,000. How much did he win? If your answer is a loss use the minus sign (Ex loss 300 write -300) Round your answer to zero decimal places Don't use comma separators
To calculate the gain or loss for the investor, we need to compare the exchange rate at the time of purchase with the exchange rate after one year.
Exchange rate in 2019: $1 = 1.40 Australian dollars
Exchange rate in 2020: $1 = 1.30 Australian dollars
Investment amount: $10,000
To find out the value of the investment in Australian dollars after one year, we can multiply the investment amount by the exchange rate in 2020:
Value of the investment in Australian dollars after one year = $10,000 * 1.30 Australian dollars per US dollar = 13,000 Australian dollars
Now we can calculate the gain or loss by comparing the value of the investment after one year with the initial investment amount:
Gain or loss = Value after one year - Initial investment
= 13,000 Australian dollars - $10,000
= $3,000
Therefore, the investor gained $3,000 on the investment after one year.
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The plumbing company is struggling with supply chain issues, they are experiencing shoartages and do not have materials in stock which resulted in delayed deadlines and additional cost on projects. One of the recommendation is that they should keep at least 50% of the materials available few months in advance so they will be able to finish the work faster.
Write few steps on how they can achieve this goal in few week and list how they can keep track of each step so they do not experience any more shortages, use the recommendation above.
The plumbing company is experiencing shortages in materials due to supply chain issues which has led to delays in project completion and additional costs. To address this issue, it has been recommended that they keep at least 50% of the materials available few months in advance to complete their work faster.
Here are a few steps they can take to achieve this goal in a few weeks: Step 1: Make a list of the required materials and estimate the quantity needed for future projects. This can be done by reviewing past project orders and talking to suppliers. They should also keep a record of the delivery dates and any issues faced during the delivery process.Step 2: Prioritize the materials needed and order them in advance. They should consider ordering more than the estimated quantity to account for any future demand.Step 3: Establish a good relationship with suppliers. They should communicate regularly and ensure that they are aware of the plumbing company's requirements. This will help to ensure timely delivery of materials and prevent shortages.
Step 4: Create a system for tracking inventory and supplies. This can be done through an inventory management software or using manual methods such as spreadsheets. They should keep track of stock levels, delivery dates, and usage rates to ensure they have enough materials on hand. Step 5: Review and update the inventory tracking system regularly. This will help them to identify any issues early on and take corrective action to prevent shortages in the future. They should also review the inventory level and usage rates to make adjustments as necessary.Keeping track of each step can be done by assigning specific responsibilities to team members.
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Assume that XYZ Corporation is a leveraged company with the following information: K-cost of equity capital for XYZ - 13% i-before-tax borrowing cost-8% t-marginal corporate income tax rate - 30 % Calculate the debt-to-total-market-value ratio that would result in XYZ having a weighted average cost of capital of 9.3 percent. 80 percent 55 percent 60 percent 50 percent
The debt-to-total-market-value ratio that would result in XYZ having a weighted average cost of capital of 9.3 percent is approximately 60 percent.
To calculate the debt-to-total-market-value ratio, we need to use the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) formula and solve for the debt ratio. The WACC formula is given by:
WACC = (E/V) * Ke + (D/V) * Ki * (1 - t)
Where:
E = Equity value
V = Total market value (E + D)
Ke = Cost of equity
D = Debt value
Ki = Before-tax borrowing cost
t = Marginal corporate income tax rate
Given data:
Ke = 13%
Ki = 8%
t = 30%
WACC = 9.3%
Let's assume V = 100 (for simplicity).
Substituting the values into the WACC formula, we have:
9.3% = (E/100) * 0.13 + (D/100) * 0.08 * (1 - 0.30)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.093 = 0.13E/100 + 0.024D/100
Multiplying both sides of the equation by 100 to eliminate the denominators, we have:
9.3 = 1.3E + 0.24D
We also know that V = E + D, so we can rewrite the equation as:
9.3 = 1.3E + 0.24(V - E)
Expanding and rearranging the equation, we get:
9.3 = 1.3E + 0.24V - 0.24E
Combining like terms, we have:
0.24E + 1.06E = 0.24V + 9.3
1.3E = 0.24V + 9.3
Dividing both sides of the equation by 1.3, we get:
E = (0.24V + 9.3)/1.3
Since V = 100, we substitute the value:
E = (0.24 * 100 + 9.3)/1.3
E = 33.23
Now, we can calculate the debt ratio:
Debt Ratio = D/V = (V - E)/V = (100 - 33.23)/100
Debt Ratio ≈ 66.77%
Therefore, the debt-to-total-market-value ratio that would result in XYZ having a weighted average cost of capital of 9.3 percent is approximately 66.77%.
The debt-to-total-market-value ratio that would result in XYZ Corporation having a weighted average cost of capital of 9.3 percent is approximately 66.77%. This ratio is calculated based on the given cost of equity, before-tax borrowing cost, marginal corporate income tax rate, and the desired WACC.
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Initially, Airlift is the only high-lift tower crane service in the state and provides tower cranes to
construct high-rise buildings.
Suppose Airlift faces a linear market demand curve:
Q=307.5 -0.1P
where P is price per hour for its service in dollars and Q is the number of service hours per month,
Airlif has the following variable costs (for purposes of this problem, you may assume that there are no fixed costs associnted with this service):
TVCa =125Qa
A) Given that Airlif is the only supplier in this market, determine the price Airlif will charge
per hour, the number of hour of service per month, and the profits earned assuring Airlif’s
objective is profit maximization.
Now suppose the situation changes and Hangonhigh decides to enter the market for this service.
Being new to the market, Hangonhigh's costs are different from Airlif's, Again assuming no
fixed costs, Hangonhigh's costs for the service are given by:
TVCb =175Qb
b. If these two firms behave as profit maximizing Coumnot duopolists choosing output level determine each firm's output reaction function.
c How many hours of service will each firm sell?
D) What will be the total number of hours of service and what will be the hourly market pricefor the service?
E) Compare the market outcores under monopoly conditions to those with two competitors,
Specifically, how does price and output (hours of service sold) compare after the entry by
Hangernhigh
Bonus
Suppose instead of a Courot duopoly, that the Stackelberg
model is the appropriate one given that Airlif
could anticipate Hangemhigh's, entry and use
its first-mover or dominant firm position to its advantage. Under this scenario, how much
output would each firm offer and what would be the market price for the service?
a) Airlift's demand function is given by Q = 307.5 – 0.1P. Airlift's total variable costs (TVCa) are given by 125Q. Thus, Airlift's marginal cost (MCa) is 125. Profit maximization for Airlift requires that MR = MCa. The marginal revenue (MR) function for Airlift is: MR = 307.5 – 0.2Q.a. Equating the MR and MCa: 307.5 - 0.2Q = 125Q => Q = 187.5 hours per month. Therefore, P = $307.5 - $0.1 (187.5) => P = $288.75 per hour. Thus, Airlift will earn a profit of: π = TR - TC = P × Q - TVC = $288.75 × 187.5 - $23,437.5 = $42,656.25 per month.
b. Assuming that the two firms behave as profit-maximizing Cournot duopolists, we determine the output reaction function for each firm. We do this by determining how much Airlift will produce for each quantity produced by Hangonhigh. Hangon high faces the same demand function as Airlift and the same marginal cost function, TV Cb = 175Qb.
Thus, MCb = 175 and MR = 307.5 - 0.2Q. Hangonhigh's reaction function is then Qb = 136.875 – 0.05Qa. Airlift's reaction function is Qa = 136.875 – 0.05Qb. Using simultaneous equations: Qa = 124.31 and Qb = 124.31. Thus, the total number of hours of service sold in the market is 248.63. The hourly market price for the service is $249.37.
c. Airlift sells 124.31 hours of service, while Hangon high sells the same number of hours of service (124.31).
d. The total number of hours of service is 248.63. The hourly market price for the service is $249.37.e. Monopoly prices are higher than duopoly prices. The quantity of service provided under a monopoly is lower than the quantity of service provided under duopoly.
The price of service is higher under monopoly conditions, while the output or hours of service sold are lower. Thus, price is higher under a monopoly, while output is lower. When Hangonhigh enters the market, the price of the service decreases, while the quantity of service provided increases. In other words, competition leads to a decrease in price and an increase in the quantity of service provided.BonusIf Airlift had used its first-mover or dominant firm position to its advantage by anticipating Hangon high's entry, then Airlift would have had a strategic advantage.
In this case, the Stackelberg model would be the appropriate one. The leader (Airlift) sets its output level first, and then the follower (Hangonhigh) sets its output level. Airlift would maximize its profits by setting Qa = 150, and thus, MRa = MCa: 307.5 - 0.2Qa = 125 => Qa = 150. Hangonhigh's reaction function is then Qb = 100 - 0.1Qa. Hangon high will produce 100 hours of service if Airlift produces 150 hours.
The market price is $250 per hour, and Airlift earns a profit of $28,125 (i.e., $250 × 150 - $23,437.5). Hangonhigh earns a profit of $17,500 (i.e., $250 × 100 - $17,500).
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