Ethanol, C2H5OH, is manufactured on a large scale for a wide range of uses such as alcoholic drinks, as an industrial solvent and as a raw material for the synthesis of many organic compounds. Ethanol, C2H5OH, is manufactured on a large scale by two methods: • Fermentation, using yeast, of sugars, such as glucose, C6H12O6. C6H12O6(aq)  2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g) The ethanol is then distilled off. • Hydration of ethene, C2H4, with steam in the presence of an acid catalyst. C2H4(g) + H2O(g)  C2H5OH(g) Compare the sustainability of these methods of manufacturing ethanol in terms of: • availability of starting materials and energy requirements; • atom economy. In your answer, you should make clear how the atom economy of the processes links with chemical theory.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

In considering the sustainability of the two processes, we must remember that fermentation involves the use of sugars as raw materials. These sugars are grown naturally as plants from which sugars are extracted for the fermentation process. This is a sustainable process because sugar is a renewable resource.

On the other hand, ethene is produced from the cracking of fractions obtained from distillation of natural gas and oil. Natural gas and oil are not renewable resources hence the process is not sustainable. The cracking of ethene requires a lot of energy compared to the fermentation of sugar.

As regards atom economy, the cracking of ethene, C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ------> C2H5OH(g) has a better atom economy compared to the fermentation of sugar; C6H12O6(aq) -------> 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g).

Atom economy has to do with the process of designing reactions in such a way that atoms which are in the starting materials end up in the final product and not as waste materials.

Fermentation produces a waste material which is CO2 while the cracking of ethene produces no waste material. All atoms of the reactants are converted into atoms of products.

Hence, the cracking of ethene displays 100% atom economy. This implies that all reactant atoms are found in the desired product.


Related Questions

Halogens are classified together as a group because all elements -

Are conductors of electricity, , ,


Have the same atomic mass


Have similar chemical & physical properties

Are malleable and ductile

Answers

Answer:

sory Idont know Iwish you answer this question

An electromagnet is different from an iron magnet because
A It will require a battery pack to charge it
B. it can also be plugged in to run a toaster
C. it is created by an electric current
D. it is always painted blue

PLEASE HELP THIS IS FOR A SERIOUS TEST​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

B

B is the answer I hope u pass hope this helps

Arrange He,Br2 and NaCl in increasing boiling point and explain why

Answers

Answer:

fdsfesd

Explanation:

fesdfes

The positive and negative ions in an ionic compound create a?

Answers

Answer:

crystal structure

Explanation:

If we have 4 molecules of sugar, what is the coefficient?
PLZ HELP ME :)

55 POINTS

Answers

Answer:

the coefficient is 4

Explanation:

hope this helps

which bond type involves the sharing of valence electrons?


NEED HELP ASAP PLEASE!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Covalent Bonds

Explanation:
The answer is correct because Electrons are exchanged between atoms in a covalent bond. When an atom's valence electron shell is complete, it is the most stable state for it, because atoms form covalent bonds and share their valence electrons.

Answer:

Covalent Bond

Explanation:

A covalent bond involves electrons being shared between atoms. The most stable state for an atom occurs when its valence electron shell is full, so atoms form covalent bonds, sharing their valence electrons, so that they achieve a more stable state by filling their valence electron shell.

true or false : Color Changes are used to show reaction completion

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

It means the reaction is occuring.

Question 5 of 10
Which event is an example of vaporization?
A. Perspiration dries on a person's skin.
B. The outside of a glass of ice water becomes moist.
C. Frost forms on a blade of grass.
D. A cloud forms in the sky,
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

A. Perspiration dries on a person's skin.

When the sweat hits the air, the air makes it evaporate (this means it turns from a liquid to a vapor). As the sweat evaporates off your skin, you cool down. Sweat is a great cooling system, but if you're sweating a lot on a hot day or after playing hard you could be losing too much water through your skin.

Explanation:

Hope it is helpful....

Actual mechanical advantage and ideal mechanical advantage are not equal. True False?

Answers

Answer: true


Explanation:

Students report that the sky in their area has mostly cirrus clouds. What are most likely the weather conditions in the area?
rainy weather
dark, overcast (blocking the sunlight)
stormy weather
fair, pleasant weather

Answers

I believe it is fair, pleasant weather! Cirrus clouds predict fair to pleasant weather and are usually seen in the winter!

Step 1: Gather materials and necessary information. a) You will collect the following information about your element: • Periodic table information including type of element, atomic number, atomic mass, number of protons, number of electrons, number of neutrons, period number, group number, and group name • Physical and chemical properties of the element • When, where, and by whom the element was discovered • Where the element is found and how it is obtained • Uses for the element and/or products made from the element • Images of the element b) Be sure to keep a list of your references so you can cite them later. c) Ask your teacher where you should save your presentation as you work on it. Your teacher may also have specific guidelines about the file name you should use.

Answers

Answer:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

There are various kind of elements that are present in periodic table. Some elements are harmful, some are radioactive, some are noble gases. Therefore, periodic table is the best platform to understand element.

What is periodic table?

Periodic table is a table in which we find elements with properties like metals, non metals, metalloids and radioactive element arranges in increasing atomic number.

Periodic table help a scientist to know what are the different types of elements are present in periodic table so that they can discover the new elements that are not being discovered yet.

Periodic table is the best platform to have a look to all elements at once that are arranged in columns and groups mentioning their valences, electronegativity and Ionisation energy symbols.

Therefore, periodic table is the best platform to understand element.

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What is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

Answers

Answer:

Sexual reproduction

True or false??? (Hydrogen bonds are the attraction between the partially positive regions of oxygen with the partially positive regions of oxygen on different molecules.)

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

The maximum water vapor that air can hold at 30°C is about 30 grams/cubic meter. If the humidity of the air is currently 6 grams/cubic meter at the same temperature, the relative humidity is

Answers

The answer is 16 due to the 30 grams cubic meter and the humidity has to be added
the answer is 16 due to 30 grams of cubic

three ways how travelers should be considerate towards other travelers when using public transport​

Answers

-use headphones
-do not take up extra seats/space using their luggage or bags
-be aware of their surrounding so they do not bump into people or step on their feet

The three ways in which travelers should be considerate when using public transport include the following:

Use of headphonesUsing a handkerchief when sneezingNot stepping on people by being aware and vigilant

What is a Public transport?

This is the type of transport which is available to the general public such as trains, buses etc.

It is best to be considerate when using it by applying the following methods mentioned above to prevent disturbance and conflict.

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2. Pietro decided to travel along the path shown below. How far south did Pietro travel?(The figure
is not drawn to scale.)
Hvad fit
Pro
30 m
CA
24 m
A 6m
B. 38.4 m
C. 36m
D. 18 m

Answers

where’s the path? can’t answer the question without seeing the path so if you insert it I will be able to answer it

Help e please i give brainlist

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

In a water molecule, what type of bond forms between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms

Answers

Covalent bond forms between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

(I attached a picture that could help)

-Hope that helps,
Good luck!

I need help finding the volume, can't tell if i'm over thinking or if i'm wrong ;(
64.26,162.30,98.04,0.0983 if you cant read my handwriting

Answers

Answer:

98.04 ml

Explanation:

density of water is 1g/ml

since volume =mass/density

=98.04/1

= 98.04

Students in Ms. King's science class are researching the history of the cell theory and will write a blog to show what they have learned. Which of the following is the best choice for the introductory sentence?


A scientific theory, like cell theory, does not change.


A hypothesis, such as one about cells, usually becomes a theory.


Scientific theories, like those written about cells, are not as important as scientific laws.


Scientific theories, such as cell theory, are based on well-supported observations of nature.

Answers

Answer:

A hypothesis, such as one about cells, usually becomes a theory.

Explanation:

calculate the number of moles of al2o3 that are produced when 3.60 mol fe is produced in the following equation. 2Al+3FeO—> 3Fe+Al2O3

Answers

Answer:

5. a

Explanation:

Al+3FeO—> 3Fe+   Al2O3

                    3.60—>3.60÷3=1.20 (mol)

Define Volume and give at least two units used to measure volume

Answers

volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

volume can be measured in

cm^3 (pronounced centimeters cubed)

litre

fluid ounce

quart

pint

gallon

ft^3




if this helped at all please mark brainliest ;)


How many grams of Oz would be needed to produce 1.875 moles of aluminum?
4 AI + 3 O2 -> 2Al2O3

Answers

Answer:

1.4063 moles of oxygen are required

Explanation:

Based on the chemical equation:

4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

4 moles of aluminium react with 3 moles of oxygen.

To solve this question we need to convert the moles of aluminium to moles of oxygen using the chemical reaction:

1.875 moles Al * (3 moles O₂ / 4 moles Al) =

1.4063 moles of oxygen are required

El ácido sulfúrico H2SO4 es uno de los compuestos que se utiliza para la producción de fertilizantes como el nitrosulfato amónico. Si disponemos de 8 mL de H2SO4 al 37 %P/P (d=1,26 g /mL), los cuales se disolvieron hasta alcanzar un volumen de solución de 400 mL, con una densidad de 1,08 g/mL. (La densidad del soluto es corresponde a 1,83 g/cm³)

Answers

Explanation:

12 hours ago

El ácido sulfúrico H2SO4 es uno de los compuestos que se utiliza para la producción de fertilizantes como el nitrosulfato amónico. Si disponemos de 8 mL de H2SO4 al 37 %P/P (d=1,26 g /mL), los cuales se disolvieron hasta alcanzar un volumen de solución de 400 mL, con una densidad de 1,08 g/mL. (La densidad del soluto es corresponde a 1,83 g/cm³)

I really can’t do this don’t understand it

Answers

Answer:

7.96g, 33.79%

Explanation:

I'll try my best to explain the entire process behind this question ;)

From the question, you can write the reaction

[tex]2H_2O(l)->2H_2(g)+O_2(g)[/tex]

Now, there are a few reasons it is like this. Oxygen is a diatomic element, meaning it doesn't and can't exist as just O. It exists as O₂. To balance, this, double the amount of water and hydrogen so there is an equal amount of  each element on both sides of the reaction (4 H's, 2 O's on the reactant side, and 4 H's, 2 O's on the product side).

From this we can get a mole-to-mole ratio.

Onto the stoichiometry. Our goal in this is to convert from grams of water to grams of hydrogen, and we do so with a mole to mole ratio.

[tex]71.0gH_2O*\frac{1molH_2O}{18.02g} *\frac{2molH_2}{2molH_2O}* \frac{2.02g}{1molH_2}\\\\ =7.96gH_2[/tex]

Basically, what I did was divide by water's molar mass to get moles of water, multiplied by the mole-to-mole ratio (2:2) to get moles of H2, and then multiplied by H2's molar mass to get what should be the amount of H2 produced by the reaction.

For percent yield, you can calculate it is such:

[tex]\frac{Actual}{Theoretical}*100[/tex]

Plug the numbers in:

[tex]\frac{2.69g}{7.96g}*100\\\\ =33.79%[/tex]

So, the percent yield is 33.79%

Whats is tge electron configuration of Ag2+ please answer asap..

Answers

Answer:

1s2  2s2  2p6  3s2  3p6  3d10 4s2  4p6  4d10

Explanation:

To write the configuration for the Silver and the Silver ion, first we need to write the electron configuration for just Silver (Ag).  We first need to find the number of electrons for the Ag atom (there are 47 electrons) using the Periodic Table.   When we write the configuration, we'll put all 47

Either way,  the Silver  electron configuration will be 1s2  2s2  2p6  3s2  3p6  3d10 4s2  4p6  4d10  5s1    

Note that when writing the electron configuration for an atom like Ag and Ag+, the 4d is usually written before the 5s.   Both of the configurations have the correct numbers of electrons in each orbital, it is just a matter of how the electronic configuration notation is written (see below for an explanation why).

For the Ag+, called the Silver ion,  we remove one electron from 5s2 leaving us with:

1s2  2s2  2p6  3s2  3p6  3d10 4s2  4p6  4d10

What are the layers of earth including the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?

Answers

Answer:

The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle) below

Explanation:

They are, in order from the exterior to the interior – the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

When Acid Rain falls on limestone, the rock is eroded and carbon dioxide is produced.


Write a balanced equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and nitric acid.

Answers

The formula of calcium carbonate is CaCO3

The formula of nitric acid is HNO3.

When put together:

CaCO3 + HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

The balanced equation:

CaCO3 + 2HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

The scatterplot shows the number of visitors at an art show in relation to admission price. What does point A on the scatterplot represent?


A. When the ticket price was $120, a total of 15 people visited the art show.


B. When the ticket price was $15, a total of 180 people visited the art show.


C. When the ticket price was $180, a total of 15 people visited the art show.


D.When the ticket price was $15, a total of 120 people visited the art show.

PLZ ANSWER AND ILL MARK YOU THE BRANLIEST

Answers

When the ticket price was $15, a total of 180 people visited the art show as it denotes a point with most accuracy.

What is accuracy?

Accuracy  in terms of chemistry can be defined as to how close a measurement is to the true value.There are three types of accuracy:

1) Point accuracy-It means accuracy is present at that point of scale only.It does not give any information about the accuracy of the instrument.

2)Percentage of true value--It is the accuracy  which is determined by identifying accuracy of the instrument  and comparing it with the measured true value.

3)Percentage of scale range- It is the accuracy  which determines accuracy of the measurement.

Accuracy of percentage of scale range type as the measurements are to be made within a range where the sample has to be measured.

Accuracy in case of instruments  is neglected up  to ±0.5 percent.

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The beaks of finches found on various galapagos islands differed based on:
A the size of their land
B the length of their wings
c the available food supply
d the predators that hunted them
s​

Answers

C because there beaks are what they use to eat food
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