10. Although lidocaine is marketed as its hydrochloride salt, it doesn’t exhibit the same level of physiological activity as the free amine. The free amine is more lipophilic and diffuses across a neuron cell membrane more rapidly than the ionic salt, resulting in a more rapid onset of anesthesia. Therefore, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is added to a solution of lidocaine prior to injection. How does the addition of sodium bicarbonate promote a faster anesthetic effect?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of Lidocaine and hence reduce the pain

Explanation:

Alkalinization by addition of sodium bicarbonate causes buffering of local anesthetics and hence produce faster anesthetic effect such as pain control, pain reduction while injecting the patient and  faster onset of local anesthetics.

Lidocaine along with epinephrine results into acidic compound wit respect to subcutaneous tissue. Hence, when bicarbonate is added, it neutralizes the acidity of Lidocaine and hence decrease the pain.  


Related Questions

11.9 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93 g/mol) was combusted in a calorimeter with sufficient of oxygen. If the calorimeter heat capacity is 10.0 kJ/K, how many Kelvin does the temperature increase due to this sample combustion?

4 C6H5NH2 (l) + 35 O2 (g) --> 24 CO2 (g) + 14 H2O (g) + 4 NO2 (g)

ΔHrxn=−12800kJ

Answers

Answer:

The temperature increases in 40.9K

Explanation:

Based on the reaction, 4 moles of aniline in combustion releasing 12800kJ to the surroundings, in this case, to the calorimeter.

To solve this question we must find the heat that releases the sample of aniline finding the moles in the sample.

With the heat released we can find the increase in Kelvin due the combustion as follows:

Moles aniline:

11.9g * (1mol / 93g) = 0.128 moles aniline

Heat released:

0.128 moles Aniline * (12800kJ / 4 moles Aniline) = 409kJ are released

Increasing in temperature:

For each 10.0kJ, the calorimeter increases its temperature in 1K. For 409kJ:

409kJ * (1K / 10.0kJ) =

The temperature increases in 40.9K

What would
happen to the
vultures if the
gazelle
decreased?

Answers

the vultures would eventually decrease also because the vultures feed off the dead gazelles

Answer:  If the gazelle population starts to decrease this could lead to some vultures not having enough food to eat

Explanation: This explains the obvious outcome of what would happen.

                     Hope you do well with what your doing :)

                                 Mark as Brainliest please :)

Water pollution has severely impacted animals and plants in New York's Hudson

Answers

Yeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeet

the first three process involved in water purification can be summarize as​

Answers

Answer:

Aeration,flocculation,coagulation.

Explanation:

Answer:

.

Explanation:

Q3: Match the column A with Column B and write answer in Column C

Answers

Answer:

ok

Explanation:

1d

2c

3b

4a

Please write the answer in format below

Answers

Answer:

0.95 L

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Concentration of the Mg(NO₃)₂ solution (C): 0.32 M (0.32 mol/L)

Mass of Mg(NO₃)₂ (solute): 45 g

Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 45 g of Mg(NO₃)₂

The molar mass of Mg(NO₃)₂ is 148.33 g/mol.

45 g Mg(NO₃)₂ × 1 mol Mg(NO₃)₂ /148.33 g Mg(NO₃)₂ = 0.303 mol Mg(NO₃)₂

Step 3: Calculate the volume of solution that contains 0.303 moles of Mg(NO₃)₂

The concentration of the solution is 0.32 M, that is, there are 0.32 moles of Mg(NO₃)₂ per liter of solution.

0.303 mol Mg(NO₃)₂ × 1 L Solution / 0.32 mol Mg(NO₃)₂ = 0.95 L

In which way do buffalos protect themselves from predator animals such as lions​

Answers

Answer: Both males and females have sharp, curved horns extending from the sides of their heads which are used to defend themselves against predators.

Explanation:

How many moles are in 32.8 L of CO gas at STP?

Answers

At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L of space. Since we are given STP conditions here, we can use this ratio to determine the number of moles of CO gas: (32.8 L CO)/(22.4 mol CO/L CO) = 1.51 mol CO.

So, there are 1.51 moles of CO gas.

Suspensions can be undersaturated.
O True
O False

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

how many moles are there in 2.20 x 10^23 molecules of Na2SO4

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

450 grams of Na2SO4? 450 Na soullnol Na2SO4 16.02x1023 molec, Na₂SO4 = 119x1024. | 142.05g Na25041 Imol Naz

1. You and a friend are hiking through a canyon. You tell your friend that the rock layers in the canyon are all different ages, and you can
tell which rock layers are the oldest and which are the youngest. She picks four different rock layers on the canyon wall, as shown in the
photograph
Which layer is the youngest?

A. Layer 1
O B. Layer 2
C. Layer 3
D. Layer 4

Answers

Answer:

its number 4 D layer 4

Explanation:

just look at it look at the colors so that's how you know and plus it just old

Answer:

From what I gathered from researching, I would say that Layer 2 is the correct answer to the question you asked.

Explanation:

The reason I'd say it is Layer 2 is because the lower you look in a canyon, the farther back you look in time. Over that canyon's history, more layers are added on top of the rock and ground as erosion and weathering happen.

Layer 2 is the highest up, which means that it was added the most recent of the other layers. Although there are more things that could maybe be taken to account, the best answer I see from what information you were given in this question... Layer 2 is the correct answer.

Hope that helps!

i really need help with this

Answers

Answer:

i hope i can help you with this

Answer: focus in class

Explanation:

:////

The combustion of coal, a fossil fuel, to produce electrical energy produces a by-product, sulfur dioxide, which is emitted into the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide will mix with the components in the atmosphere to produce _____.

Forest Fires


Global warming


Acid Rain


Algae growing in ponds and lakes

Answers

global warming; it will warm the earth above normal limits. hope this helps

BRAINLIEST if answered correctly ​

Answers

Answer:

I would choose E

Explanation:

Chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken. The substances that go into a chemical reaction are called the reactants, and the substances produced at the end of the reaction are known as the products

web-

E is the correct answer!!

The_____
determines the quantity that can be produced by the reaction.

Answers

Answer:

C) limiting reagent

Explanation:

The limiting reagent is the reactant that you don't have a lot of, it will be completely used up in the reaction

Many diseases can be prevented with a proper diet, exercise, and abstinence from smoking, alcohol, drugs, and sexual activity. True or False( Explain)

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

This is due to multiple reasons. First of which, proper diet with a variety of selection of foods from vegetables, to dairy and meats can provide the body with essential nutrients used to fight off diseases and germs and improve the immune system. Exercise can also help boost the immune system and prevent diseases as well. It can also improve the condition of the heart which prevents heart disease and help the brain (prevent strokes). Drugs, smoking, alcohol and unsafe sexual activity can lead to a multitude of diseases, such as lung cancer, drug addictions, cardiac arrest, blood clots, HIV and other STDs, liver failure, etc. So it would be wise to abstain from those activities.

Which vitamin is responsible for ricket disease

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Vitamin D deficiency rickets can be caused by a lack of vitamin D in the diet, a lack of exposure to the sun, or malabsorption syndromes such as celiac disease, in which there is an inability of the intestines to adequately absorb nutrients from foods.

Risk Factors: Diet (nutrition); Dark skin

_FeCI3 + _ NaOH = _ NaCI + _Fe(OH)3 balance and strength the coefficients for each substance

Answers

Answer:

FeCl₃ + 3 NaOH ⇒ 3 NaCl + Fe(OH)₃

Explanation:

Let's consider the following unbalanced equation. This is a double displacement reaction.

FeCl₃ + NaOH ⇒ NaCl + Fe(OH)₃

We will start balancing Cl atoms by multiplying NaCl by 3.

FeCl₃ + NaOH ⇒ 3 NaCl + Fe(OH)₃

Then, we will get the balanced equation by multiplying NaOH by 3.

FeCl₃ + 3 NaOH ⇒ 3 NaCl + Fe(OH)₃

PLEASE HELPP!

a 55g block of metal has a specific heat of 0.45 J/g°C. What will be the temperature change of this metal if 450 J of heat energy are added?

Answers

Answer:

18.18 C

Explanation:

m=55

C=0.45

Q=450zj

ch.temp=?

Q=mct

450 = (55)(.45)T

450 = 24.75

/24.75 = /24.75 (cancels out)

18.18 is the answer

What transition energy corresponds to an absorption line at 502 nm?
A. 4.56 x 10-19
B. 1.76 10-19
C. 2.53 x 10-19
D. 3.96 10-19 J

Answers

Answer:

D 3.96 10-19J

Explanation:

I took the test

2. Given the following equation: 2 KCIO3 ---> 2 KCl + 3 O2
How many moles of O2 can be produced by letting 12.00 moles of KClO3 react?

show work. helppp asap

Answers

Answer:

18 moles of O2 can be produced by letting 12.00 moles of KClO3 react

Explanation:

The balanced equation is

2KCIO3 ---> 2 KCl + 3 O2

As per the reaction,

2 mole of KClO3 produces 3 mole of O2 gas

Hence, 12 moles of KClO3 will produce [tex]12*\frac{3}{2} =18[/tex]

Hence,   18 moles of O2 can be produced by letting 12.00 moles of KClO3 react

Why do you think it would be important for scientists to test local water?

Answers

Answer:

It would be important because they will know if the water is infected by some type of disease or harmful bacteria

Explanation:

Please Need help asap
For Al, its atomic number is 13 and its mass number is 27. How many neutrons does it have?
А. 13
B. 14
C. 26
D. 27
E. 40

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The number of protons and neutrons of an element is the same. the electrons are the only thing that can differ.  The atomic number equal the protons and neutrons.

HELP PLEASEEEEEE ASAP

Answers

A condition in which bones become weak and brittle.

The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone creation doesn't keep up with old bone removal.

thus 2) is correct.

a disease in which bone tissue becomes breakable and thin.

if it helps don't forget to like and Mark me

would you rather eat pizza the rest of your life, or cake?

Answers

Answer:

cake

Explanation:

now here me out, no cake is specified so i can say i want a cake that has pizza on it, take off the pizza, and eat it, this goes with any other food without me having to eat the cake

See if you can complete the following table using only what is on this page. Hint. Two of the entries are for the same element.
Element
Symbol
Nuclear
Symbol
Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons
Electrons in
Number Number
Neutral Atom
57
82
138
57
ola
Fe
59
26

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The empty spaces should be completed step-by-step as follows:

First line:

Element symbol: La (it is the corresponding element for the atomic number 57)

Mass number = Atomic number + Neutrons = 57 + 82 = 139

Nuclear symbol: ¹³⁹₅₇ La because the atomic number is 57 and mass number is 139.

Protons: 57 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Electrons in neutral atom = Atomic number = 57

Second line:

Element symbol: La (it is the corresponding element for the atomic number 57 and mass number 138)

Atomic number: 57 (from the Periodic Table, for La)

Mass number = 138 (from the nuclear symbol)

Protons: 57 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 138 - 57 = 81

Electrons in neutral atom = Atomic number = 57

Third line:

Atomic number: 26 (from the Periodic Table, for the element Fe)

Protons: 26 (is equal to the atomic number for a neutral atom)

Neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number = 59 - 26 = 33

Nuclear symbol: ⁵⁹₂₆ Fe because the atomic number is 26 and mass number is 26.

Question 3
Which of the objects on the shelf has the greatest inertia?
10 kg
5 kg
2kg
a
b
2 kg
5 kg
10 kg
С
d
The all have the same inertia

Answers

This guy need to stop with this link


The three elements in the photos all belong to the same group, or column, of the periodic table. These elements all produce salts when they react
with metals. What are some differences between these elements?
Choose all that apply.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Color,atomic mass, state of matter of each element.

Explanation:

Color,atomic, and mass

A 5.0 L air sample at a temperature of -50°C has a pressure of 800.00 mmHg. What
the new pressure if the temperature is raised to 100°C and the volume expands to 7.0
L?

Answers

Answer:

956 mmHg

Explanation:

The combined gas law states that P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 when moles of gas are constant. We're looking for P2, so solve all of that for P2. Make sure you convert your temperatures to Kelvin by adding 273 to the Celsius temperatures.

P2 = P1V1T2/T1V2

P1 = 800.00 mmHg

V1 = 5.0 L

T2 = 100 + 273 = 373 K

T1 = -50 + 273 = 223 K

V2 = 7.0 L

P2 = (800.00 mmHg)(5.0 L)(373 K) / (223 K)(7.0 K) = 956 mmHg

PLEASE HELP IF YOU KNOW I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!! A LOT OF POINTS!!
What is the solubility in Molarity of Ag2SO4 in a 0.1M solution of Sodium Sulfate at 25C?

Answers

Answer:

0.0039 mol/L

The molar solubility is 0.0039 mol/L, thus the common ion effect has reduced the solubility from 0.016 mol/L for Ag2SO4 in pure water to 0.0039 mol/L in the Na2SO4 solution.

Explanation:

0.0039 mol/L........
Other Questions
Why did the Union want to control the Mississippi River? Choose the correct answer 1). She ___________ the apology of her friend.Add suitable verb to the sentence.1) requested2) accepted3)given4) applied A fine fabric was selling for $10.50 per half yard. Joni bought 2 1/3 yards. How much did he spend? Brainliest for correct answer. Samuel Johnson did not write _____. a story about himself, describing his happiness. poetry. a dictionary in two volumes. periodical essays in several newspapers. Determine whether the set oflengths could form a triangle.5, 2, and 3- The product of two consecutive even numbers is 224. What are these two numbers? In a paragraph, discuss humanism in the arts and the art of natural observation. un refresco tiene una concentracin de 3.8 x 10-4 de iones H+. determina el valor de PH de ese refresco please help me! Ten men and 15 women apply for a job. All are equally qualified and 4 applicants are selected at random for hiring. Find the probability, to the nearest thousandth, of hiring exactly 3 women. FYI: i don't want links at all. Mam separates our gato and perro frequently because theyabrazarinvitarpelearcasarse 2) Eileen wants to borrow $40,000 to buy a new car. I She is willing to make monthly payments for 5 years. The Metro Bank offers her a loan of $40,000 for five years; the rate of interest is 6% compounded monthly. If Eileen chooses to borrow the money,a) how much total interest will she pay?b) how much simple interest will she pay?c) how much compound interest will she pay? In addition to connotation, what should you consider when you analyze diction? Grammatical or spelling errors Meaning and effect of words Other texts on the same topic Punctuation of sentences 5v + 15rv 5v + vr please help Tangen Corporation is considering the purchase of a machine that would cost $380,000 and would last for 6 years. At the end of 6 years, the machine would have a salvage value of $80,000. By reducing labor and other operating costs, the machine would provide annual cost savings of $104,000. The company requires a minimum pretax return of 14% on all investment projects. The net present value of the proposed project is closest to: What is the solution to the system of equations shown? IM GIVING 20 POINTS PLEASE HELP AAASarah wants to find out how many apps she can download on her phone. She know that 5 apps cost $20. Create 3 ratio tables using: addition, multiplication and rate reasoning to show how many apps Sarah could download. Include 3-5 entries per table. Be prepared to explain how you arrived at your ratios. Find the area of the white region in the diagram shown. The role of the President has expanded over time, what is the name given to the group of the individuals that helps the president carry out their duties? all parallelogram are rectangle?true or false BRAINLIEST please please helpp!! Brainliest for correct answer!!! Use the triangle formed by the vertices L(-3, 4), A(0, 5), and D(2, 1). L'A'D ' is a triangle formed by using the transformation rule (x, y) -> (-x, y).A. what type of transformation is LAD -> L'A'D'?B. Are LAD and L'A'D' congruent or similar?