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excerpt from Solitude by Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau was a writer and philosopher. He was a major figure in the transcendentalist movement. Transcendentalists feel a deep connection to nature. They believe people connect directly with God and are born with innate goodness. For two years, Thoreau lived in a small cabin he built in the woods. He felt people should live closer to nature instead of relying on material wealth. Solitude is an essay from his book Walden; of, Life in the Woods. This is a delicious evening, when the whole body is one sense, and imbibes delight through every pore. I go and come with a strange liberty in Nature, a part of herself. As I walk along the stony shore of the pond in my shirt sleeves, though it is cool as well as cloudy and windy, and I see nothing special to attract me, all the elements are unusually congenial to me. The bullfrogs trump to usher in the night, and the note of the whippoorwill is borne on the rippling wind from over the water. Sympathy with the fluttering alder and poplar leaves almost takes away my breath; yet, like the lake, my serenity is rippled but not ruffled. These small waves raised by the evening wind are as remote from storm as the smooth reflecting surface. Though it is now dark, the wind still blows and roars in the wood, the waves still dash, and some creatures lull the rest with their notes. The repose is never complete. The wildest animals do not repose, but seek their prey now; the fox, and skunk, and rabbit, now roam the fields and woods without fear. They are Natures watchmen, links which connect the days of animated life. . . .Some of my pleasantest hours were during the long rain storms in the spring or fall, which confined me to the house for the afternoon as well as the forenoon, soothed by their ceaseless roar and pelting; when an early twilight ushered in a long evening in which many thoughts had time to take root and unfold themselves. . . . Men frequently say to me, I should think you would feel lonesome down there, and want to be nearer to folks, rainy and snowy days and nights especially. I am tempted to reply to such,This whole earth which we inhabit is but a point in space. How far apart, think you, dwell the two most distant inhabitants of yonder star, the breadth of whose disk cannot be appreciated by our instruments? Why should I feel lonely? Is not our planet in the Milky Way? This which you put seems to me not to be the most important question. What sort of space is that which separates a man from his fellows and makes him solitary? I have found that no exertion of the legs can bring two minds much nearer to one another.QuestionWhich sentence best expresses the authors viewpoint about life in the woods in "Solitude"?ResponsesLife in the woods isn't for everyone.Life in the woods isn't for everyone.Life in the woods is characterized by fear and uncertainty.Life in the woods is characterized by fear and uncertainty.Everything about life in the woods is appealing.Everything about life in the woods is appealing.Living in the woods is like living on another planet.Living in the woods is like living on another planet.PLEASE I NEED HELP NOW I AM TAKING THE TEST CURRENTLY!!!
PLEASE I NEED THIS TODAY!!!What happens to the amount of carbon in a closed ecosystem? Explain by giving examples and evidence from the article.Scientists around the world who study Earths atmosphere have discovered something dramatic and alarming: an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. They are finding that the increase in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere may have worldwide effects on our climate and our oceans, which can threaten life all over the planet.Where is the carbon that makes up all that carbon dioxide coming from? Carbon is an element that makes up a lot of the matter on Earth. New carbon cant be created, so the extra carbon in our atmosphere had to come from somewhereit must have decreased in some other part of the Earth system. But where? Humans put carbon into the atmosphere when we burn fuels like coal, oil, and gas that are found deep underground. These are called fossil fuels.These fossil fuels make the modern human lifestyle possible. Most of the time, when we use a cell phone, drive a car, heat our homes, or turn on the lights, we are using energy that comes from burning fossil fuels. We currently depend on these fuels to power our lives, but burning them releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the airand that increase in carbon dioxide might jeopardize life as we know it.Fossil FuelsCoal, oil, and gas are called fossil fuels for a reason: they are the carbon-rich matter left behind by plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These plants and animals were buried deep underground before they could decompose, so decomposers never broke down the dead matter. Over millions of years, the remains of the plants and animals turned into carbon-rich fossil fuelscoal, oil, and gas. The carbon that was in the plants and animals when they died is still there; its just part of the fossil fuels. When we burn fossil fuels in cars, factories, or power plants, carbon that has been stored in the ground for millions of years is released into the air as carbon dioxide.An illustration of ancient organisms.Fossil fuels are the remains of animals and plants that died millions of years ago and were buried before they could decompose.The Carbon CycleEarth is a closed ecosystem.Earth is a closed ecosystem. There are many different regional ecosystems on Earth, but they all share one atmosphere and one ocean. Very little matter escapes from Earth into space, and almost none enters. Since almost no carbon enters or leaves Earths system, and carbon isnt being produced or used up, the amount of carbon in the system does not change. If carbon is increasing in one part of Earths system, it must be decreasing somewhere else.Although carbon rarely leaves Earths system, carbon moves in a cycle within Earths ecosystem. This cycle is powered by energy. Carbon cycles from biotic matter to abiotic matter and back again. This means that carbon spends time in the air, in the ocean, in the soil, and in organisms as it moves continuously through the ecosystem. Powered by energy from sunlight, photosynthesis moves carbon from the air and water into living things. At the same time, cellular respiration moves carbon from living things to the air and water. This continuous, consistent pattern of movement is called the carbon cycle, and it is essential to the survival of life on Earth. However, human activities are altering the way carbon moves through the global ecosystem.A diagram depicting the carbon cycle.The Carbon Cycle: The arrows in this diagram show the pathways that carbon follows as it moves around the ecosystem. The black arrows show the pathways that exist naturally in the ecosystem. The large red arrow shows how humans can increase the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by burning dead matter like fossil fuels.As people around the world burn more and more fossil fuels, a great deal of carbon from deep underground is moving into the atmosphere. Carbon in one part of the system (abiotic matter) is increasing, and as a result, carbon in another part of the system is decreasingin this case, biotic matter, which includes dead matter. Since the entire Earth shares the same atmosphere, changes in levels of carbon dioxide affect ecosystems all over the planet.All the extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is having many negative effects on the global ecosystem, and especially on the climate of our planet. Adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere changes climate and weather patterns around the globe in ways that make it harder for many organisms to survive. Increased carbon dioxide causes global temperatures to rise, makes ocean water more acidic, and changes weather patterns. These changes may increase the chances of extreme weather events like hurricanes and droughts, which affect humans directly as well as the ecosystems and farms we depend on. By increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we are gambling with our very way of life.