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4 But serious question marks hang over the technology and its dark Orwellian" implications. Many cameras are hidden or not signposted, in breach of regulations. Several cases of abuse have been documented, raising fears of snooping or worse. Civil liberty groups complain that the intrusive lens scanning for suspicious characters contravenes that pillar of civil society - the presumption of innocence. 5 Research meanwhile suggests that the camera systems may not actually deter criminals. "One of the concerns about CCTV is that it can give a false sense of security," says Barry Hugill of Liberty, a civil liberties and human rights group based in London. "I suspect that the reason why people are happy with CCTV is that they say it makes us safer and stops crime. But we don't think there's evidence that that is the case." 6 Indeed, research has yet to support the case for CCTV. A government review eighteen months ago found that cameras were effective in tackling vehicle crime but had limited effect on other crimes. Improved street lighting recorded better results. A new report being drawn up for the government by Professor Gil promises to be no more favorable in it assessment of CCTV as a crime-fighting tool. "I have talked to offenders about this," says Gill. "They say they are not concerned about security cameras unless they are actually caught by one." 7 Britain is a case apart from Europe where most countries embraced the technology only in the late 1990s - and then with caution. According to researchers now Preparing a report on comparative systems France tends to limit coverage to high-risk cations and public buildings, while in Spain, surveillance is tightly controlled. In Austria, it is used primarily for traffic and asport systems. In Germany, it has been severely restricted in public spaces until recently. 8 But in Britain, the public has had a soft spot for CCTV ever since it was used to dramatic effect to solve a wretched crime more than eleven years ago. Most people can still picture the grainy footage of two juveniles leading two-year-old Jamie Bulger by the hand out of a shopping mall in Liverpool. He was found dead days later. Without those images, experts say, police would have been looking for a culprit with an entirely different profile from the eleven-year-old offenders. Answer the questions. 1. What is the concern of civil liberties groups in Britain? 2. What seems to be even better than CCTV at reducing crime? 3. Contrast Britain's CCTV experience with that of other European countries. 4. Describe the tragedy registered on surveillance cameras in Britain.