The appropriate Incoterm to use for shipping wheat from Regina, Canada to Delhi, India, using the ports of Vancouver in Canada and Mumbai in India, would be FOB Mumbai. Thus, correct option is (c).
FOB (Free on Board) is a commonly used Incoterm that places the responsibility for shipping and costs on the buyer after the goods have been loaded onto the vessel at the named port of shipment. By using FOB Mumbai, the exporter from Regina, Canada would handle the transportation of the wheat to Vancouver, where it would be loaded onto the vessel.
The exporter would also be responsible for export clearance procedures. Once the wheat is on board the vessel, the buyer in Delhi, India would take over the costs and risks associated with transportation, including the payment of import duties and taxes upon arrival in Mumbai, India. It's important to note that using FOB Mumbai does not include payment for tariffs into India, as stated in the given scenario.
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An analyst has identified three periods; boom, normal growth, and recession. The expected return of a stock fund in a boom, normal growth, and recession is 20%, 15%, and 10%. The expected return of the bond fund in a boom, normal growth, and recession is 16%, 12%, and 14%. The probability that the economy will experience a boom is 30%, 20% probability of normal growth, and 50% of a recession. Calculate the expected return of the portfolio, if 64% is invested in the stock fund and the remainder in the bond fund.
Round your final answer to two decimal places and show it as a percentage.
Answer:
To calculate the expected return of the portfolio, we need to multiply the expected returns of each fund by their respective probabilities and then sum them up.
Let's calculate the expected return of the stock fund first:
Expected return of the stock fund = (Expected return in a boom * Probability of a boom) + (Expected return in normal growth * Probability of normal growth) + (Expected return in a recession * Probability of a recession)
= (0.20 * 0.30) + (0.15 * 0.20) + (0.10 * 0.50)
= 0.06 + 0.03 + 0.05
= 0.14 or 14%
Now, let's calculate the expected return of the bond fund:
Expected return of the bond fund = (Expected return in a boom * Probability of a boom) + (Expected return in normal growth * Probability of normal growth) + (Expected return in a recession * Probability of a recession)
= (0.16 * 0.30) + (0.12 * 0.20) + (0.14 * 0.50)
= 0.048 + 0.024 + 0.07
= 0.142 or 14.2%
Next, let's calculate the overall expected return of the portfolio. Since 64% is invested in the stock fund and the remainder (36%) is invested in the bond fund, we can calculate the weighted average of the expected returns:
Expected return of the portfolio = (Weight of stock fund * Expected return of stock fund) + (Weight of bond fund * Expected return of bond fund)
= (0.64 * 0.14) + (0.36 * 0.142)
= 0.0896 + 0.05112
= 0.14072 or 14.07%
Therefore, the expected return of the portfolio is 14.07%.
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Crede Company budgeted selling expenses of $30,800 in January, $35,200 in February, and $39,000 in March. Actual selling expenses were $32,500 in January, $34,620 in February, and $46,900 in March. The company considers any difference that is less than 5% of the budgeted amount to be immaterial.
Prepare a selling expense report that compares budgeted and actual amounts by month and for the year to date.
The Crede Company has budgeted selling expenses of $30,800 in January, $35,200 in February, and $39,000 in March. However, the actual selling expenses were $32,500 in January, $34,620 in February, and $46,900 in March.
This implies that there is a variance in the budgeted and actual selling expenses for each month. Hence, a selling expense report is prepared by comparing the budgeted and actual amounts by month and for the year-to-date.Selling Expense Report: [Budgeted vs Actual]Month | Budgeted | Actual | Variance | Variance %January | $30,800 | $32,500 | $1,700 | 5.52%February | $35,200 | $34,620 | $580 | 1.65%March | $39,000 | $46,900 | $7,900 | 20.26%Year to date | $105,000 | $114,020 | $9,020 | 8.59%Therefore, the total budgeted selling expenses for the year are $105,000, whereas the total actual selling expenses are $114,020, giving a variance of $9,020.
The variance percentage is 8.59%, which is greater than the company's threshold of 5%. Hence, the variance is material.
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What might be some of the advantages Air Canada and Drone Delivery Canada (DDC) might be able to offer to its clients using this type of service?
2) According to the video, the Air Canada’s sales team would be responsible for selling this service. What are some of the benefits of this service which this team would pitch to the clients?
3) What are some of the hurdles which the Air Canada’s sales team would face during their sales presentation?
1. Advantages of Air Canada and Drone Delivery Canada (DDC): Fast delivery, Cost-effective, Flexibility.
2. Benefits of this service: Fast delivery, Cost-effective and Flexibility.
3. Hurdles that the Air Canada’s sales : Regulatory issues, Technical issues and Security issues.
1. Advantages of Air Canada and Drone Delivery Canada (DDC) : Air Canada and Drone Delivery Canada (DDC) can offer several benefits to their clients using this type of service, such as:
Fast delivery: The use of drones for delivery ensures that packages are delivered faster and more efficiently than traditional delivery methods. The drones can deliver packages to remote locations or inaccessible areas, providing customers with faster and more efficient delivery options.
Cost-effective: The use of drones is cost-effective and efficient as it eliminates the need for human labor. It reduces delivery costs and ensures that clients pay less for delivery services.
Flexibility: The use of drones provides clients with flexibility in terms of delivery options. Clients can choose when they want their packages to be delivered, ensuring that they receive their packages at a time that suits them better.
2. Benefits of this service: The sales team at Air Canada would pitch several benefits of this service to the clients, such as:
Fast delivery: The use of drones ensures that packages are delivered faster than traditional delivery methods. It provides customers with a faster and more efficient delivery option.
Cost-effective: The use of drones is cost-effective and efficient as it eliminates the need for human labor. It reduces delivery costs and ensures that clients pay less for delivery services.
Flexibility: The use of drones provides clients with flexibility in terms of delivery options. Clients can choose when they want their packages to be delivered, ensuring that they receive their packages at a time that suits them better.
3. Hurdles that the Air Canada’s sales team would face during their sales presentation: Some of the hurdles that the Air Canada’s sales team would face during their sales presentation include:
Regulatory issues: The use of drones for delivery is still relatively new, and there are several regulatory issues that need to be addressed. The sales team would have to explain to clients the regulatory hurdles that Air Canada and DDC have to overcome to provide this service to the clients.
Technical issues: The use of drones is not without its challenges. There may be technical issues with the drones that need to be addressed. The sales team would have to explain to clients the measures that Air Canada and DDC have put in place to ensure that the drones work efficiently and that technical issues are addressed quickly.
Security issues: The use of drones for delivery raises security issues, such as the risk of theft or interception of packages during delivery. The sales team would have to explain to clients the security measures that Air Canada and DDC have put in place to ensure that packages are delivered safely and securely.
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TRUE / FALSE. "If the denominator activity level exceeds the standard hours allowed for the output, the volume variance will be favourable.
Reed Company applies manufacturing overhead costs"
The denominator activity level is greater than the standard hours allowed for the output, the volume variance will be unfavorable, not favorable. In summary, the statement is false.
The statement "If the denominator activity level exceeds the standard hours allowed for the output, the volume variance will be favourable" is false. Here is a detailed explanation of why this statement is false:Reed Company applies manufacturing overhead costs based on the number of units produced.
Reed expected to produce 5,000 units of a particular product and applied overhead based on that expectation. Actual output, however, was only 4,000 units, and Reed applied overhead costs based on that number.Actual overhead costs are compared to applied overhead costs to determine whether overhead costs are under- or over-applied.
If actual overhead costs exceed applied overhead costs, overhead costs are under-applied and the difference is recorded as an expense.If applied overhead exceeds actual overhead, overhead costs are over-applied, and the difference is recorded as a revenue adjustment. The denominator activity level is the total level of activity in a cost pool.
For example, the denominator activity level for the overhead cost pool would be total direct labor hours or machine hours.The standard hours allowed for output is the number of hours it should take to produce one unit of output. Volume variance is the difference between the budgeted overhead based on the denominator activity level and the applied overhead based on the actual level of activity.
If the denominator activity level is greater than the standard hours allowed for the output, the volume variance will be unfavorable, not favorable. In summary, the statement is false.
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Determine the amount of money in a savings account at the end of 10 years, given an initial deposit of $10,500 and a 8 percent annual interest rate when interest is compounded: Use Appendix A for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. Future Value a. Annually b. Semiannually c. Quarterly
Answer:
To calculate the future value of a savings account, we can use the formula:
FV = PV x (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
where:
- FV is the future value of the savings account
- PV is the present value (or initial deposit) of the savings account
- r is the annual interest rate (as a decimal)
- n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year
- t is the number of years
a. Annually:
FV = 10,500 x (1 + 0.08/1)^(1*10) = $22,680.00
b. Semiannually:
FV = 10,500 x (1 + 0.08/2)^(2*10) = $23,028.00
c. Quarterly:
FV = 10,500 x (1 + 0.08/4)^(4*10) = $23,263.22
Therefore, at the end of 10 years, the amount of money in a savings account with an initial deposit of $10,500 and an 8 percent annual interest rate when interest is compounded annually is $22,680.00; when interest is compounded semiannually is $23,028.00; and when interest is compounded quarterly is $23,263.22.
Explanation:
I hope this helps
Which of the following is the most important factor in mobile search engine optimisation? • The number of keywords included • The authority of the mobile domain • The number of backlinks to the site • The speed at which the mobile site loads
The most important factor in mobile search engine optimization is the speed at which the mobile site loads.
Search engine optimization, or SEO, is the practice of improving the quality and quantity of website traffic by increasing the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's organic results. Mobile SEO is a vital component of any digital marketing strategy. Here, the most important factor in mobile search engine optimization is the speed at which the mobile site loads. It is essential to optimize the site to make it load faster on mobile devices. In fact, a faster-loading site can improve user experience, boost search engine rankings, and increase conversion rates.
Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that the speed at which the mobile site loads is the most important factor in mobile search engine optimization. It is followed by the authority of the mobile domain and the number of backlinks to the site. The number of keywords included in the mobile site is also a factor, but it is less important than the other factors.
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on average, the death of just one employee costs an employer
On average, the death of just one employee can have significant financial implications for an employer. The costs associated with the loss of an employee go beyond the immediate emotional and personal toll.
From a financial perspective, these costs can include:
Insurance and Compensation: Employers may be responsible for providing death benefits, life insurance payouts, or workers' compensation benefits to the family or dependents of the deceased employee.
Recruitment and Training: Finding a suitable replacement for the deceased employee requires recruitment efforts, including advertising job openings, conducting interviews, and onboarding the new hire.
Productivity and Workload: The absence of an employee can lead to decreased productivity, especially if their role was crucial or specialized.
Lost Expertise and Knowledge: The loss of an employee often means losing their unique expertise, knowledge, and experience.
Workplace Morale and Emotional Impact: The death of an employee can deeply affect workplace morale and the emotional well-being of other employees. Grief counseling, support programs, or additional employee assistance resources may be necessary to address these emotional impacts.
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Duy, single, has taxable income of $58,005 in 2021. What is Duy's federal income tax liability? Use the appropriate source for determining tax liability.
Duy, single, has a taxable income of $58,005 in 2021. What is Duy's federal income tax liability? Use the appropriate source for determining tax liability.The appropriate source for determining tax liability is the tax tables. The IRS uses tax tables to calculate federal income tax liability.
To calculate Duy's federal income tax liability for the year 2021, we need to determine the tax bracket in which his income falls. Once we know the tax bracket, we can use the corresponding tax rate to calculate his tax liability.:10%: up to $9,95012%: $9,951 to $40,52522%: $40,526 to $86,37524%: $86,376 to $164,92532%: $164,926 to $209,42535%: $209,426 to $523,60037%: over $523,600Duy's taxable income of $58,005 falls in the third tax bracket.
To calculate his federal income tax liability, we need to determine how much of his income falls into each tax bracket and apply the appropriate tax rate. The calculation is as follows:Tax on the first $40,525 at 12% = $4,863.00Tax on the amount over $40,525 ($58,005 - $40,525 = $17,480) at 22% = $3,845.60Total federal income tax liability =$8,708.60Therefore, Duy's federal income tax liability for the year 2021 is $8,708.60.
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the topic is: should the Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act be flexible and change based upon the times or circumstances.
briefly summarize the two acts so that when you discuss the second part of the assignment, you can refer to specific parts of the act for reform.
Provide an argument for the value in changing these two laws based on times/circumstances. REMEMBER that the topic is: should the Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act be flexible and change based upon the times or circumstances.
The Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are two significant pieces of legislation in the United States aimed at regulating and improving corporate governance and financial oversight.
The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, was a response to the 2008 financial crisis and introduced a wide range of regulations to increase transparency, protect consumers, and mitigate systemic risk in the financial industry. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, passed in 2002, was a response to accounting scandals such as Enron and WorldCom, and it introduced stricter regulations on corporate governance, financial reporting, and auditing.
There is value in making these acts flexible and adaptable to changing times and circumstances. The business landscape and financial industry are constantly evolving, and it is crucial for regulatory frameworks to keep pace with these changes. By allowing for flexibility and adjustments, the Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act can effectively address new challenges, emerging risks, and technological advancements that may not have been anticipated when the acts were initially drafted.
Flexibility in these laws can help strike a balance between regulatory oversight and promoting innovation and economic growth. As times change, new business models, financial products, and technological advancements emerge. Adapting the acts to accommodate these changes can foster innovation and competitiveness while still ensuring robust safeguards against fraud, misconduct, and systemic risks.
Moreover, circumstances can vary across industries and business sizes. A one-size-fits-all approach may not be suitable for all companies. Flexibility in the acts can allow for tailored regulations that consider the unique characteristics and risks associated with different sectors and business models. This can promote efficiency, reduce compliance costs, and prevent unnecessary burdens on smaller businesses.
However, any changes to these acts should be made with caution, maintaining the core principles and objectives they were designed to achieve. Careful evaluation, stakeholder consultation, and comprehensive analysis of the potential impact of reforms are essential to ensure that any changes effectively address current challenges while preserving the intended benefits of the legislation.
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Sam's Cat Hotel operates 52 weeks per year, 6 days per week. It purchases kitty litter for $8.00 per bag. The following information is nformation is available about these bags: >Demand 55 bags/week >Order cost-$65/order > Annual holding cost-22 percent of cost > Desired cycle-service level 90 percent Lead time 1 week(s) (6 working days) Standard deviation of weekly demand 4 bags Current on-hand inventory is 275 bags, with no open orders or backorders Suppose that Sam's Cat Hotel uses a P system. The average daily demand, d. is 9 bags (55/6), and the standard deviation of daily demand, 1.633 bags. Refer to the standard normal table for z-values a. What P (in working days) and T should be used to approximate the cost trade-offs of the EOQ? The time between orders, P. should be days. (Enter your response rounded to the nearest whole number) Standard Deviation of Weekly Demand Days per week
The recommended values for the cost trade-offs of the EOQ using a P system are: P (time between orders): 1 working day, T (lead time): 6 working days
How to find the The recommended values for the cost trade-offs of the EOQ using a P systemTo approximate the cost trade-offs of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) using a P system, we need to determine the values of P (time between orders) and T (lead time).
To calculate P (time between orders), we need to convert the weekly demand to daily demand:
Average daily demand (d) = Weekly demand / Days per week
d = 55 bags / 6 days per week
d ≈ 9.167 bags per day
Dividing the standard deviation of weekly demand by the square root of the days per week:
Standard deviation of daily demand = Standard deviation of weekly demand / √(Days per week)
Standard deviation of daily demand = 4 bags / √(6)
Standard deviation of daily demand ≈ 1.633 bags
Using a standard normal table, the corresponding z-value is approximately 1.28.
P (time between orders) can be calculated using the formula:
P = z-value * (Standard deviation of daily demand / Average daily demand)
P = 1.28 * (1.633 / 9.167)
P ≈ 0.227 (rounded to three decimal places)
To convert P to working days, we multiply it by the number of days per week:
P in working days ≈ 0.227 * 6
P in working days ≈ 1.362 (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Finally, T (lead time) is given as 1 week or 6 working days.
Therefore, the recommended values for the cost trade-offs of the EOQ using a P system are:
P (time between orders): 1 working day
T (lead time): 6 working days
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Capes Corporation is a wholesaler of industrial goods. Data regarding the store's operations follow: Sales are budgeted at $390,000 for November, $360,000 for Collections are expected to be 85% in the month of sale and 15% in The cost of goods sold is 80% of sales. December, and $340,000 for January the month following the sale. The company desires an ending merchandise inventory equal to 40% is made in the month following the purchase. is $77,000. S320,000. Required: a. Prepare a Schedule of Expected Cash Collections for November and The November beginning balance in the accounts receivable account The November beginning balance in the accounts payable account is December. b. Prepare a Merchandise Purchases Budget for November and December.
For November, Capes Corporation needs to purchase $358,200 in merchandise. For December, the company needs to purchase $328,800.
A schedule of expected cash collections is a tool used to determine how much cash a company expects to collect from customers each month. It is calculated by taking the amount of sales made in a given month and multiplying it by the percentage of those sales that are expected to be collected during that month.
a. Schedule of expected cash collections November:
Sales $390,000 Collections:
85% collected in November $331,500 (0.85 × $390,000)
15% collected in December $ 58,500 (0.15 × $390,000)
December: Sales $360,000 Collections:
85% collected in December $306,000 (0.85 × $360,000)
15% collected in January $ 54,000 (0.15 × $360,000)
The November beginning balance in the accounts receivable account is $77,000.
The collections in November amount to $390,000 × 0.85 = $331,500. The total cash available is $408,500 ($77,000 + $331,500).
The cash available in December is $58,500.
The November beginning balance in the accounts payable account is $320,000.
The payments in November amount to $273,000 ($360,000 × 0.80).
The total cash disbursements are $593,000 ($320,000 + $273,000).
The cash disbursements in December amount to $332,000 ($340,000 × 0.80).
b. Merchandise Purchases Budget November: Desired ending inventory is 40% of cost of goods sold.
Cost of goods sold is $390,000 × 0.80 = $312,000.
Desired ending inventory is $77,000 ($312,000 × 0.40).
The cost of goods available for sale is $312,000 + $123,800 ($308,000 - $77,000).
The required purchases are $358,200 ($200,000 + $158,200). December:
Desired ending inventory is $123,800 ($308,000 × 0.40).
The cost of goods available for sale is $308,000 + $142,800 ($358,200 - $123,800).
The required purchases are $328,800 ($451,000 - $123,200)
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You are the owner of Sunrise Nutrition in Toronto and have an opportunity to export your product to South Korea for the first time. Healthy Life is a company in South Korea that is interested in buying Sunrise products for the first time. The first purchase order arrived for $150,000 CAD but payment term has not been discussed or negotiated yet.
1) What is your first proposed payment option?
2) Will you accept an open account payment for this transaction?
3) Healthy life is not accepting an advance payment and is ready to walk away from this business. What would you propose?
4) During your payment negotiation, would you evaluate the overall economy, politics, and banking system in South Korea? How does it affect your decision?
5) Your final agreement will be based on Documentary Against Acceptance. Complete the bill of exchange in the next page:
1. The first proposed payment option is Advance payment
2. An open account payment for this transaction shall not be accepted.
3. Letter of Credit can be a recommended payment option to Healthy life.
4. The overall economy, politics, and banking system in South Korea shall be evaluated during payment negotiation and this might affect the terms of the agreement and payment procedure.
5. The bill of exchange of $150,000 CAD shall be prepared as mentioned below.
1. Advance Payment will be the first payment option because the company is exporting its product to South Korea for the first time and payment term has not been discussed or negotiated yet. Therefore, it is better to receive an advance payment before shipping the products to the buyer.
2. No, an open account payment will not be accepted for this transaction because it is the first time that the Sunrise Nutrition is exporting its product to South Korea. An open account payment is a payment option where the buyer pays after receiving the goods, and such an option is considered high risk in international trade.
3. If Healthy life is not accepting an advance payment, then the recommended payment option is Letter of Credit (LC). A Letter of Credit is a written guarantee from a bank that ensures the payment to the seller will be made on time and in full amount as per the agreement. It will protect the interests of both the buyer and the seller and assure that the payment is made on time.
4. Yes, during the payment negotiation, it is important to evaluate the overall economy, politics, and banking system in South Korea. This is because these factors can affect the payment process and terms of the agreement. For example, if the banking system is not stable or reliable, it can lead to payment delays and disputes, which can affect the business relationship between Sunrise Nutrition and Healthy Life.
5. Your final agreement will be based on Documentary Against Acceptance.
Bill of Exchange
Pay to the order of: Korea Development Bank
CAD $150,000
[Date of Bill of Exchange]
At [Bank Name], [Bank Address], [City, Postal Code], [Country]
Ninety (90) days after sight, pay to the order of [Your Company Name] the sum of One Hundred Fifty Thousand Canadian Dollars (CAD $150,000) for value received.
To: Bank of Nova Scotia
Please charge this amount to the account of Healthy Life and send the bill of exchange to them for acceptance.
Reference: 12345/ABCD
Yours faithfully,
Sunrise Nutrition
The complete question must be:
You are the owner of Sunrise Nutrition in Toronto and have an opportunity to export your product to South Korea for the first time. Healthy Life is a company in South Korea that is interested in buying Sunrise products for the first time. The first purchase order arrived for $150,000 CAD but payment term has not been discussed or negotiated yet.
1) What is your first proposed payment option?
2) Will you accept an open account payment for this transaction?
3) Healthy life is not accepting an advance payment and is ready to walk away from this business. What would you propose?
4) During your payment negotiation, would you evaluate the overall economy, politics, and banking system in South Korea? How does it affect your decision?
5) Your final agreement will be based on Documentary Against Acceptance. Complete the bill of exchange in the next page:
Canadian bank: Bank of Nova Scotia, Reference# 12345/ABCD
South Korean bank: Korea Development Bank, Reference# 6789/EFGH
Terms of payment: 90 days sight
Shipping Date: July 20, 2020
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The managing director of D&A couriers received complaints from customers about the company's delivery performance. The managing director started an investigation on a specific item and found that the item is never delivered in less than 5 days; the investigation also indicated that in a worst-case scenario, it took 16(30) days for delivery of the item. Shipping agents use 8(10) days lead time as the most frequent time for deliveries. The managing derictor want to use the information from the investigation on a new project proposal that he is busy to complete for a new customer to avoid customer complaints. 3.1 Calculate the expected delivery time. (3) (3) 3.2 What estimate would you give for the variance? 3.3 The managing director decided to use 10 days in future as their target delivery time for the item. The managing director wants to know what the probability is for a late delivery? (5)
The expected delivery time is calculated as:
mean time= (5 + 16) / 2= 10.5 days
Given that the item is never delivered in less than 5 days and the maximum time taken for the delivery of an item is 16 days. The lead time used by shipping agents is 8 days which is considered the most frequent time for deliveries. Using the above data, the expected delivery time can be calculated as follows:
Mean time= (5 + 16) / 2= 10.5 days.
Hence, the expected delivery time is 10.5 days.
The variance can be calculated as follows:
Variance= ((16 - 10.5)² + (5 - 10.5)²) / 2= 29.75 days²
Using the above data, the estimate for variance can be calculated as follows:
Variance= ((16 - 10.5)² + (5 - 10.5)²) / 2= 29.75 days²
Hence, the estimate for variance is 29.75 days².
The probability of a late delivery can be calculated as follows:
Z-score= (10 - 10.5) / (sqrt(29.75 / 2))= - 0.236 (approx)
Using the above data, the probability of a late delivery can be calculated using the z-table:
P(Z ≤ -0.236)= 0.4063 (approx)
Therefore, the probability of a late delivery is 0.4063 or approximately 41%.
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Question 5 After attending a recent finance Webex seminar you were very concerned about the following statements made by the guest speaker: "Budgeting is a complete waste of business resources" • "Ratio analysis has so many limitations that it is a useless exercise" "Accounting Rate of Return is the best investment appraisal technique" "Forget cash.... the shareholders want to see profit" You certainly disagree with the views of the guest speaker, but having only recently completed your module in accounting you lacked the confidence to argue in public with the speaker. Required: Explain why you disagreed with each of these statements. Maximum 50 words for each statement.
The guest speaker's statements that "budgeting is a complete waste of business resources," "ratio analysis has so many limitations that it is a useless exercise," "accounting rate of return is the best investment appraisal technique," and "forget cash.... the shareholders want to see profit" are all problematic and inaccurate statements that require correction.
Budgeting is not a complete waste of business resources because it allows businesses to establish goals and objectives, plan for the future, and control costs, resources, and other activities.
Ratio analysis is not a useless exercise, despite its limitations, because it helps businesses to identify trends, make comparisons, and monitor performance.
Accounting rate of return is not the best investment appraisal technique because it has several limitations, such as ignoring the time value of money and the effects of inflation.
Forget cash.... the shareholders want to see profit is a problematic statement because cash is critical to a company's survival and is a better indicator of liquidity than profit. In addition, profit is only relevant when it can be converted to cash.
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Please write and write up comparing and contrasting the financial analysis of the companies JCPenney and Kohls. I will post the statements below. Please include:
Sales growth in terms of percentage of increase and the numbers of stores. If you are reading the annual report, are either of the two companies adding product lines?
Look at profitability treads for gross profit, operating profit, and net income. How is the profitability changing between the two companies?
Since these are large retail stores, what is the trend in inventory growth? Are the growing the inventory are can the accommodate the sales increases with about the current amount of inventory on hand? Please compare their inventory efficiency with the inventory turnover ratios for each company.
How are the companies handling their long-term debt? What have been the debt to equity ratios in the last five years? Can you tell what has been acquired with the additional debt, if there is any?
Lastly, let’s see what the stock market thinks of each company’s performance. In what range has their share price been trading in the last five years? How has the Price to Earnings (P/E) ratio been during that time?
What has taken place with each of these companies since the Annual Statement date? Search for new releases and other business articles and publications about each company.
Please follow this format:
Sales Growth – Are Net Sales Growing? Are there any divisions or product lines growing? Does the annual report indicate the reason(s) for this? Does your directional analysis (horizontal or vertical) bear this out? Can we see the sales increase in the inventory turnover ratio?
Cost Control – are expenses in line with the change in net sales? Look at the costs, including the cost of goods sold, marketing expenses, and administrative expenses. Look at the COGS% change and the SGA% (selling, general & administrative expenses) changes. Again, support your observation with your directional analysis and/or ratios, Profitability – Look at the three levels of profits: gross margin, operating profit, and net income. How are they changing from year to year as a percentage of sales (vertical analysis)?
Cash Flow and Liquidity - Is cash increasing or decreasing. Does that make sense in light of the profits? What about the liquidity ratios? Did you find a change in the current or the quick ratio? Look at the cash flow statements. Are operations generating or consuming cash? Is the growth of inventory reasonable as compared to the growth in cost of goods sold? Look at the accounts payable turnover ratio. And don’t forget about accounts receivable and their change. Are you concerned with changes in the accounts receivable turnover ratio? Debt Levels – Is debt increasing or decreasing? Looks at the change in current and long-term liabilities in your directional analyses. What are the reasons for this change? Look at your debt ratios. Is there
anything in the annual report or outside articles to explain a significant change in debt, if you find one?
Equity and Stock Market Factors – Has common stock plus the paid-in capital on common stock increased? Has it decreased from a buyback of common stock (treasury stock)? What about the price of the stock, has it changed significantly over the years of your analysis. Look at the price to earnings ratio and the dividend yield ratio.
This write-up will compare and contrast the financial analysis of the companies JCPenney and Kohl's. The write-up will examine various aspects of the two companies such as sales growth, profitability trends, inventory growth, long-term debt, and stock market performance.
The comparison will be done based on the annual reports of the two companies. The write-up will also look at the changes that have occurred in the companies since the annual statement date.Sales GrowthJCPenney's net sales increased from $12.55 billion in 2018 to $11.20 billion in 2019, representing a 10.8% decrease. The number of JCPenney stores decreased from 871 in 2018 to 846 in 2019. In 2019, JCPenney closed 27 stores and opened none. The company is not adding any new product lines.Kohl's net sales increased from $19.10 billion in 2018 to $19.97 billion in 2019, representing a 4.6% increase. The number of Kohl's stores increased from 1162 in 2018 to 1189 in 2019. In 2019, Kohl's opened 27 stores and closed none. The company is not adding any new product lines.Cost ControlJCPenney's cost of goods sold decreased from $8.92 billion in 2018 to $7.78 billion in 2019, representing a 12.8% decrease.
JCPenney's selling, general & administrative expenses decreased from $4.38 billion in 2018 to $4.16 billion in 2019, representing a 5.0% decrease. JCPenney's gross margin decreased from 35.1% in 2018 to 29.5% in 2019.Kohl's cost of goods sold increased from $12.13 billion in 2018 to $12.87 billion in 2019, representing a 6.1% increase. Kohl's selling, general & administrative expenses increased from $4.87 billion in 2018 to $5.02 billion in 2019, representing a 3.0% increase. Kohl's gross margin increased from 36.4% in 2018 to 37.2% in 2019.ProfitabilityJCPenney's operating profit decreased from -$69 million in 2018 to -$268 million in 2019, representing a decrease of 288.4%. JCPenney's net income decreased from -$116 million in 2018 to -$268 million in 2019, representing a decrease of 131.0%. Kohl's operating profit decreased from $1.95 billion in 2018 to $1.86 billion in 2019, representing a decrease of 4.6%. Kohl's net income decreased from $1.54 billion in 2018 to $1.33 billion in 2019, representing a decrease of 13.6%.Cash Flow and LiquidityJCPenney's net cash provided by operating activities decreased from $266 million in 2018 to $28 million in 2019. JCPenney's inventory turnover ratio decreased from 3.8 in 2018 to 3.6 in 2019. JCPenney's current ratio decreased from 1.51 in 2018 to 1.10 in 2019.
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The employees' union and the management at Pederson Inc. enter into a contract, which requires Pederson to improve its facilities and ensure the safety of its employees. However, a few months later, the employees observe that the conditions have remained the same and that management has not taken any steps to revamp its systems. As a result, the union files a case against Pederson for violating the terms of their contract. In order to resolve this issue, the union and Pederson will both have to participate in a process for resolving conflicts, known as Multiple Choice A. the grievance procedure. B. lockout protocols C. the unionship arrangement D. right to work laws
In order to resolve this issue, the union and Pederson will both have to participate in a process for resolving conflicts, known as The grievance procedure. (Option a)
The correct answer is A. the grievance procedure.
The grievance procedure is a formal process that allows employees and unions to address and resolve conflicts or disputes with management regarding the interpretation or violation of terms in a collective bargaining agreement or employment contract. It provides a structured method for employees or unions to file complaints or grievances and seek resolution.
In this scenario, the union believes that Pederson Inc. has violated the terms of their contract by not improving facilities and ensuring employee safety. To address this issue, the union would follow the grievance procedure by filing a complaint or grievance against the company. This would initiate a series of steps outlined in the contract, such as meeting with management, presenting evidence, and engaging in negotiations or mediation to resolve the conflict.
The grievance procedure is an important mechanism for resolving conflicts between labor and management, ensuring that both parties have a fair process to address and resolve disputes related to the terms and conditions of employment.
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Assume price = $60 per unit; variable costs = $45 per unit; fixed costs are $15,000; required return is 12 percent; initial investment is $20,000 straight-line depreciated in 5 years. There is no tax. The accounting break-even quantity is a 2,457 b 1,000 c 738 d 7,902
e 1,267
The correct answer is option (b) 1,000, indicating that the accounting break-even quantity is 1,000 units. The accounting break-even quantity can be calculated by dividing the fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit.
The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the selling price per unit and the variable costs per unit. In this case, the selling price is $60 per unit, and the variable costs are $45 per unit. The fixed costs are $15,000.
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Unit - Variable Costs per Unit
Contribution Margin per Unit = $60 - $45 = $15
Accounting Break-Even Quantity = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per Unit
Accounting Break-Even Quantity = $15,000 / $15 = 1,000
Therefore, the correct answer is option (b) 1,000, indicating that the accounting break-even quantity is 1,000 units. This means that the company needs to sell 1,000 units to cover all fixed costs and achieve a break-even point in terms of accounting profit.
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Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow: Jayson works in the finance department at Tommy Toys. His department will be up for its annual audit soon, so his director has tasked him with investigating the challenges facing the company with regards to effective and efficient uses of their finances/funds. There are 8 key role players that will be able to provide Jayson with the answers he requires. He needs to conduct an in-depth study that will showcase his vast research skills. Due to Covid, the company has made the decision to reduce staff on the premises, therefore most key role players are still working from home.
Given the scale of the study, should Jayson employ a sampling strategy? Justify your answer (8
Given the scale of the study, it is recommended that Jayson employs a sampling strategy.
Sampling refers to a statistical method of examining a portion of a population, or a sample, rather than the entire population.
The goal is to obtain data that accurately represents the population as a whole, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the population, depending on the purpose of the research.
It is commonly used in research to save time and resources while still obtaining reliable results.
Given the scale of the research, conducting the research on the whole population is impossible for Jayson, particularly when it comes to finance departments in various regions. In that scenario, picking a sample of the population to examine, it will allow Jayson to reduce the number of people required to be interviewed, as well as the amount of time, money, and energy required to conduct the investigation.
Jayson can use the following sampling strategies:1. Simple Random Sampling
2. Stratified Sampling
3. Systematic Sampling
4. Cluster SamplingSimple Random Sampling: This is a sampling strategy in which each item in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
This is the most effective way to obtain a representative sample.
Stratified Sampling: This is a sampling strategy in which the population is broken down into homogeneous subgroups, with each subgroup being examined individually.
Systematic Sampling: This is a sampling strategy in which a starting point is chosen randomly, and then every nth element in the population is chosen.
Cluster Sampling: This is a sampling strategy in which a group of people is chosen instead of a specific individual. It is commonly used in circumstances when a list of the population is difficult to obtain.
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How much would you pay for a share of stock paying a dividend (cash payout C) of $4 to be paid in one year, a known selling price in one year (P) of 540, and expected return (R) of similar assets of 4%? You would pay $___ (Round your response to the nearest penny)
The amount to pay for a share of stock is $580.
Given: Dividend (cash payout C) of $4 to be paid in one year. Known selling price in one year (P) of $540. The expected return (R) of similar assets is 4%. To find: The amount to pay for a share of stock
We can use the Dividend Discount Model to find the amount to pay for a share of stock.
DDM Model: Price of the stock = (Dividend / (Expected return on the stock - growth rate)) + expected stock price(Po = D1 / (R - g) + P)
Where, Po = Price of the stock, D1 = dividend expected in year one, R-g = growth rate, and P = expected stock price. By using the above formula we can find out the price of the stock.
To find out the price of the stock substitute the given values in the above formula: Po = 4 / (0.04 - 0) + 540, Po = $580.
Hence, the price of the stock is $580. Therefore, the amount to pay for a share of stock is $580.
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The Syphean Company has a bond outstanding with a face value of $5.000 that reaches matarlysnine years. The bond corticale cates that the stated coupon rate for this bond is 5.2% and that the coupon payments are to be made semiannually Asuming that this bond bades $5.569, then the YTM for this A. 65% B. 7.81% C. 52% D. 9.31%
To calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) for the Syphean Company bond, we need to find the rate of return that equates the present value of the bond's cash flows (coupon payments and face value) with its current market price of $5,569.
Given that the bond has a face value of $5,000, a coupon rate of 5.2%, and semiannual coupon payments, we can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software to solve for the YTM.
Using the financial calculator or spreadsheet functions, we can find that the YTM for this bond is approximately 7.81%.
Therefore, the correct option for the YTM of the Syphean Company bond is B. 7.81%.
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Arshadi Corp.'s sales last year were $48,000, and its total assets were $22,000. What was its total assets turnover ratio (TATO)? Select the correct answer. Ca. 3.98 Ob: 1.28 Oc. 3.08 Od. 0.38 Ce. 2.1
The total assets turnover ratio (TATO) for Arshadi Corp. is 2.1. In this case, Arshadi Corp. had sales of $48,000 and total assets of $22,000. By dividing $48,000 by $22,000, we get a TATO of approximately 2.1. The correct option is e.
The TATO ratio of 2.1 indicates that Arshadi Corp. generated $2.1 in sales for every dollar of total assets it possessed. This implies that the company was relatively efficient in utilizing its assets to generate revenue.
A higher TATO ratio generally suggests better asset management and efficiency, as it indicates that the company is generating more sales from its assets. It is important to note that the ideal TATO ratio can vary across industries, so it is always recommended to compare the ratio with industry benchmarks to gain a better understanding of the company's performance in relation to its peers.
In this case, Arshadi Corp. had sales of $48,000 and total assets of $22,000. By dividing $48,000 by $22,000, we get a TATO of approximately 2.1.
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Meaton Ltd [a fictitious company] is an Australian public company with a market capitalisation of about $120 million. The company was established 50 years ago and is well known for its patronage of the arts – donating $500 000 every year to the performing arts sector.
It is a diversified business with several product divisions. Its core but least profitable division is its leathergoods business which specialises in high-end leather jackets and handbags for both the domestic and export markets under the Snowy River® brand and its associated famous tagline, ‘Always hundred percent Australian’. An insider once revealed that there is an implied expectation that cast members in certain theatre shows that benefitted from Meaton’s donations adorn the latest-designed Snowy River® apparels & accessories during the plays.
The Snowy River® range are sourced from Australian leather (kangaroo and sheep skin) tanneries; designed, cut, sewn & finished in Meaton’s leather-goods factory in Perth. Direct production costs have gradually increased over the years squeezing the profit margin of the leathergoods division. In 2020 it recorded its first loss and had to be supported by Meaton’s other product divisions. According to analysts the loss was partly responsible for the fall of 7% in Meaton’s share price in 2021. No dividends were paid in that period as well. Sales revenue has been stable but increasing the price is not an option given the highly competitive markets.
Disgruntled shareholders put pressure on the Board of Directors to address the negative return on their investment and even to replace the current CEO, James Meaton – who is the founder of the company. The company’s 3-year profit forecast is even more dire with a projected loss in the third year amid tough competitive environment. Clearly a major restructuring [of operations] is required especially involving cost reduction.
Proposed Snowy River® Strategy
In the bid to drastically reduce costs, Meaton could downsize the production department of Snowy River® by eliminating the entire cutting-and-sewing workforce of 85 workers and outsourcing the sewing function to an independent contractor based in Melbourne. The contractor is more efficient because it relies on state-of-the-art sewing machineries that only require minimum-waged employees to operate them. The cut-and-sew quality is identical to those of Meaton’s workers. It’s estimated that Meaton could reduce unit production cost by up to 30%.
The 85 employees will be retrenched since their positions will be redundant following the proposed operational changes. Meaton will pay their legal retrenchment entitlements in full. The building [and machineries] that houses the sewing section will be sold to further boost the cashflow of the company.
Proposed SR® brand
Introduce a second-line of jackets & handbags under the ‘SR® by Meaton’ brand as a mid-priced range to boost revenue. Mid-market brands are very common in the fashion business, for example, Giorgio Armani’s Emporio Armani and A/X (Armani Exchange) brands. The SR® range will be similar to the Snowy River® range but the high-quality leather hides will be sourced from, and cut in, China. Meaton’s Perth factory will sew and finish the jackets and handbags using newly hired minimum-waged workers working alongside their higher paid colleagues. The SR® range will carry the ‘Made in Australia’ label and the tagline ‘Tru Blu Australian’. Management is concerned about being silent on the fact that the leather hides will be sourced from China and has consulted: https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:595a18fc-9d52-403d-847b39bd6d4b0416 for informal clarification.
Requirements:
1. IN YOUR OWN WORDS, explain and discuss Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the context of the above Meaton’s case.
Hint: Each of the 4 responsibilities must be discussed (or explained) by referring to the case, i.e., as they apply to the case.
2. June is a home-based hairdresser for the past 25 years. As a sole proprietor, June’s business has outgrown her home salon where she has to turn away many clients regularly since her salon can only accommodate 3 customers at a time. She has kept the services of three casual hairdressers whom she had trained the past 3 years. Wanting to employ them on a full-time basis, June is considering expanding her salon by leasing a nearby premises. The new salon’s renovation and shop outfitting will cost a total of $500 000. Her accountant suggested that, instead of borrowing the money, she sets up her new business as a private company, i.e., private limited company or Pty Ltd. Investors/shareholder will be her close family members and herself with an expected return of investment of 10% per year.
IN YOUR OPINION, is that is good move? Explain.
Also, what’s the main disadvantage of such a private company compared with her current sole proprietorship?
Carroll's Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) encompasses four responsibilities: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. In the case of Meaton Ltd, the company demonstrates its commitment to CSR through various actions such as donating to the performing arts sector, sourcing materials from Australia, and considering employee retrenchment entitlements.
There are ethical concerns regarding the proposed SR® brand's sourcing of leather hides from China. The case highlights the importance of considering all four responsibilities of CSR and aligning them with business strategies and practices.
In the given scenario, it is not necessary for June, the home-based hairdresser, to set up her new salon as a private company (Pty Ltd) with family members as shareholders. As a sole proprietorship, June has control over her business and can make decisions independently. By setting up a private company, she would introduce complexities like legal formalities, additional reporting requirements, and potential conflicts of interest among shareholders. Moreover, the expected return on investment of 10% per year may not justify the added administrative burden and costs associated with operating a private company.
The main disadvantage of setting up a private company compared to a sole proprietorship is the increased legal and financial obligations. A private company is a separate legal entity with limited liability, which means that the company's debts and obligations are separate from the personal finances of the shareholders. However, this separation also entails additional compliance requirements, such as financial reporting, audits, and potentially higher taxes. In contrast, a sole proprietorship offers simplicity and autonomy, allowing the owner to make decisions and manage the business without the need for formal legal structures or the involvement of other shareholders.
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*ASAP* Could you please solve this as soon as possible?
Calculate the cycle length for products A, B and C from the
matrix below:
The given matrix below represents the cycle times for products A, B, and C respectively.
Cycle time is the amount of time it takes to complete one cycle of an operation. The cycle length can be calculated by adding up the cycle time of each step in the cycle. Therefore, the cycle length of each product can be calculated as follows:
Step 1: Add up the cycle time for Product A Cycle Length for Product A = 30 + 20 + 25 + 35 Cycle Length for Product A = 110.
Step 2: Add up the cycle time for Product B Cycle Length for Product B = 25 + 20 + 30 + 15 Cycle Length for Product B = 90.
Step 3: Add up the cycle time for Product C Cycle Length for Product C = 35 + 40 + 30 + 10 Cycle Length for Product C = 115.
Therefore, the cycle lengths for products A, B, and C from the matrix are: Cycle Length for Product A = 110 Cycle Length for Product B = 90 Cycle Length for Product C = 115.
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Which describes the duties of an accounts receivable (a/r) department?
The accounts receivable (A/R) department has various duties. Here are a few descriptions that explain the duties of the accounts receivable (A/R) department. Creating Invoices: The A/R department is responsible for generating and issuing invoices to customers.
Record Keeping: The A/R department must keep track of all payments received and ensure that all payments are accurately recorded. Follow-Up with Customers: The A/R department is responsible for following up with customers who haven't paid their invoices on time. Collections: The A/R department is responsible for collecting past-due accounts from customers.
Customer Service: The A/R department is the point of contact for customers who have questions or concerns regarding their accounts. Reconciling Accounts: The A/R department is responsible for reconciling customer accounts to ensure that payments are accurately recorded and applied to the correct invoices. The accounts receivable (A/R) department has various duties. Here are a few descriptions that explain the duties of the accounts receivable (A/R) department. Creating Invoices: The A/R department is responsible for generating and issuing invoices to customers.
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My course is applied business analysis and subject is project management . please answer according to that and in 500words.
What are the possible challenges of communicating with stakeholders and groups from diverse cultures, ethnicities, backgrounds, locations, and expectations when managing a project? What will you consider doing differently for a project to be successful?
Communicating with diverse stakeholders in a project can be challenging due to language barriers, cultural differences, geographical dispersion, and varying expectations. Strategies for success include cultural awareness, clear communication channels, active listening, and adaptability.
Effective communication with stakeholders from diverse cultures, ethnicities, backgrounds, locations, and expectations presents challenges in project management. Language barriers, cultural differences, geographical dispersion, and varying expectations can hinder communication effectiveness. To overcome these challenges, project managers should be culturally aware and adapt their communication approaches accordingly. Establishing clear and accessible communication channels, such as regular meetings and dedicated project communication platforms, fosters effective collaboration. Active listening and feedback mechanisms ensure stakeholders feel heard and involved. Lastly, being flexible and adaptable in communication strategies allows for the accommodation of diverse stakeholder needs. By employing these strategies, project managers can enhance communication and increase the likelihood of project success in a diverse stakeholder environment.
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Richter forecasts the following free cash flows (FCFS), which are expected to grow at a constant 5% rate after Year 3.
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
FCF $700 $735 $780
a. What is the horizon value of the unlevered operations? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$ _____
b. What is the total value of unlevered operations at Year 0? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$ _____
a. The horizon value of the unlevered operations is $15,600. b. The total value of unlevered operations at Year 0 is $12,132.73.
The horizon value of the unlevered operations can be calculated as follows:
Formula for the horizon value of unlevered operations:$$
H V _ { U O } = \frac { F C F _ { 3 } ( 1 + g ) } { k - g }
$$where FCF3 is the free cash flow in Year 3, k is the required rate of return.
Substituting the given values in the formula, we get: $$
H V _ { U O } = \frac { \$780(1 + 0.05) } { 0.12 - 0.05 }
$$$$
H V _ { U O } = \$15,600
$$Therefore, the horizon value of the unlevered operations is $15,600.
b) The value of unlevered operations at Year 0 can be calculated as follows:$$
V _ { U O } = \frac { F C F _ { 1 } } { 1 + k } + \frac { F C F _ { 2 } } { ( 1 + k ) ^ { 2 } } + \frac { F C F _ { 3 } + H V _ { U O } } { ( 1 + k ) ^ { 3 } }
$$$$
V _ { U O } = \frac { \$700 } { 1 + 0.12 } + \frac { \$735 } { ( 1 + 0.12 ) ^ { 2 } } + \frac { \$780 + \$15,600 } { ( 1 + 0.12 ) ^ { 3 } }
$$$$
V _ { U O } = \$12,132.73
$$Therefore, the total value of unlevered operations at Year 0 is $12,132.73.
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Modigliani-Miller theory in perfect market suggests that financing decision: a. Has no impact on the value of a firm b. Has positive impact on the value of a firm c. Has negligible impact on the value of a firm d. Has negative impact on the value of a firm
Modigliani-Miller theory in a perfect market suggests that the financing decision has no impact on the value of a firm.
The M&M theory, developed by economists Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller, states that in a perfect market with no taxes, no transaction costs, no asymmetric information, and no bankruptcy costs, the value of a firm is determined solely by its underlying assets and the expected cash flows generated by those assets. The theory suggests that the way a firm is financed, whether through debt or equity, does not affect its overall value. Investors can replicate the firm's capital structure through their own borrowing or lending decisions, resulting in an equivalent return regardless of the firm's financing choices.
It's important to note that the M&M theory is based on several assumptions that may not hold in the real world, such as perfect market conditions. In reality, various factors can influence the financing decisions and value of a firm, such as taxes, bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and information asymmetry.
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ICE Task-Learning Unit 3 Question 1 Discuss any five criteria used for selection of suppliers. (15) Question 2 Discuss the last two stages of the supplier selection process. (10)
1) Criteria for supplier selection process -
The selection of suppliers is critical for companies, as it determines their ability to maintain and grow their operations. Companies employ several criteria to select suppliers, including quality, capacity, financial stability, management capability, and sustainability.
Quality: The quality of the products or services offered by the supplier is an essential criterion. The supplier must meet the minimum quality standards set by the company. Companies may assess quality by reviewing samples, product certifications, and other quality management system standards such as ISO 9001.
Capacity: The supplier's capacity to meet the company's requirements is critical. This may include the ability to provide products in the required quantities, the ability to deliver within the required timeline, or the capability to support production schedules.
Financial stability: A supplier's financial stability is also an essential criterion. Companies must ensure that the supplier is financially stable and capable of meeting contractual obligations. This can be evaluated through credit ratings, financial statements, and other financial metrics such as liquidity and profitability.
Management capability: The supplier's management capability is crucial as it affects the ability to provide quality services. Companies evaluate a supplier's management capability by assessing their quality management systems, their management teams' experience, and their ability to manage risk.
Sustainability: Companies are increasingly looking to work with suppliers who are environmentally and socially responsible. Sustainable suppliers consider environmental and social impacts in their operations, and their products are eco-friendly, and their manufacturing processes do not harm the environment.
2) The last two stages of the supplier selection process include:
Contract negotiations: After selecting the preferred supplier, companies enter into negotiations to finalize the contract terms. This stage involves discussing details such as pricing, delivery terms, payment terms, warranties, and intellectual property rights.
Contract award: This stage marks the conclusion of the supplier selection process. The contract award stage involves the signing of the contract with the selected supplier. Companies may issue purchase orders to the supplier to indicate that they have been selected and that they are expected to supply the required products or services.
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Understand the relation between business risk and financial
risk, therelative factors influencing a firm’s debt policy.
Business risk and financial risk are two important concepts in the world of finance that are closely related to each other. Business risk refers to the possibility of losses due to factors such as competition, changes in consumer preferences, regulatory changes, technological advancements, and so on.
Financial risk, on the other hand, refers to the possibility of losses due to the use of debt financing.
The higher the business risk, the greater the financial risk a firm is likely to face. This is because during difficult times, firms with high business risk may find it challenging to generate enough cash flow to meet their debt obligations, which increases the likelihood of default.
Factors that influence a firm's debt policy include the level of business risk, the cost of debt relative to equity financing, tax considerations, current economic conditions, and the availability of financing options. Firms with low business risk may choose to use more debt financing since they have a steady stream of earnings to service their debt obligations. In contrast, firms with high business risk may opt for less debt financing, knowing that a downturn in the market could impact their ability to repay their debts.
Additionally, the cost of debt financing relative to equity financing plays an important role in determining a firm's debt policy. If the cost of debt is relatively low, a firm may be more inclined to use debt financing than if the cost of debt is high. Tax considerations also play a role, since interest paid on debt can be tax-deductible, making it a more attractive financing option for many firms.
Overall, the factors influencing a firm's debt policy are complex and depend on a variety of internal and external factors. It is up to managers to weigh these factors carefully and determine the optimal mix of debt and equity financing for their firms.
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eBook Problem 7-06 value of Operations: Constant Growth EMC Corporation has never paid a dividend. Its current free cash flow of $530,000 is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.6%. The weighted average cost of capital is WACC = 14%. Calculate EMC's estimated value of operations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
To calculate the estimated value of operations for EMC Corporation, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the dividend discount model (DDM). Since EMC Corporation does not pay dividends, we can use the free cash flow instead.
The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
V0 = FCF0 × (1 + g) / (r - g)
Where:
V0 = Estimated value of operations
FCF0 = Current free cash flow
g = Growth rate of free cash flow
r = Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
Given:
FCF0 = $530,000
g = 5.6% = 0.056
r = 14% = 0.14
Let's calculate the estimated value of operations:
V0 = $530,000 × (1 + 0.056) / (0.14 - 0.056)
= $530,000 × 1.056 / 0.084
= $6,114,285.71
Therefore, the estimated value of operations for EMC Corporation is approximately $6,114,286.
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