The Pareto principle important in marketing analytics. The correct answers are b), c), and d).
The Pareto principle is important in marketing analytics because:
b) It helps to explain dependency on few items to managers and executives: The Pareto principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, highlights that a significant portion of the outcomes (such as sales, profits, or customer behavior) is driven by a small percentage of factors. This understanding helps managers and executives focus their resources and efforts on the key drivers that have the most impact on business performance.
c) It shows how few things (products, customers, salespeople, etc.) can have a significant impact: The Pareto principle emphasizes that a small subset of products, customers, salespeople, or other variables can account for a significant portion of the overall results. By identifying these high-impact factors, marketers can prioritize their strategies and allocate resources effectively to maximize returns.
d) It shows how dependent a business is on a small percentage of customers: The Pareto principle reveals that a small percentage of customers often contribute to a significant portion of a company's revenue or profits. Recognizing this dependence allows businesses to focus on nurturing and retaining these valuable customers, providing them with exceptional experiences, and developing targeted marketing strategies to maintain their loyalty and satisfaction.
Therefore, the correct answers are b), c), and d).
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A one-year long forward contract on a dividend-paying stock is entered into when the stock price is AUD 75, the dividend yield is expected to be 6% the risk-free rate of interest is 8% pa with continuous compounding. (1) What are the forward price and the initial value of the contract? (2) Six months later, the price of the stock is AUD 67 and the risk-free interest rate and dividend yield are still 8% and 6% respectively. What are the forward price and value of the forward contract.
Discuss one risk associated with forward contracts that is not applicable to futures contracts. Given this risk, why would you choose to enter into a forward contract rather than a futures contract?
The forward price of the contract is AUD 69.68, and the initial value of the contract is AUD 5.32. (2) Six months later, the forward price of the contract is AUD 65.91, and the value of the forward contract is AUD 1.09.
What is the new forward price and value of the contract after six months?The forward price of a contract is determined by the current stock price, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividends. In this case, the stock price is AUD 75, the dividend yield is 6%, and the risk-free interest rate is 8% with continuous compounding. By using the formula for calculating the forward price, we can find that the forward price is AUD 69.68. The initial value of the contract is the difference between the forward price and the current stock price, which is AUD 5.32.
After six months, the stock price has decreased to AUD 67, but the risk-free interest rate and dividend yield remain the same at 8% and 6% respectively. Using the same formula, we find that the new forward price is AUD 65.91. The value of the forward contract is determined by the difference between the forward price and the current stock price, which is AUD 1.09.
One risk associated with forward contracts that is not applicable to futures contracts is counterparty risk. In a forward contract, the buyer and seller are exposed to the credit risk of the counterparty. If either party fails to fulfill their obligations, the other party may suffer financial losses. Futures contracts, on the other hand, are typically traded on organized exchanges with a central clearinghouse that acts as the counterparty to all transactions, reducing counterparty risk.
Despite the counterparty risk associated with forward contracts, individuals may choose to enter into them instead of futures contracts for several reasons. Forward contracts offer more flexibility in terms of customization, as the terms can be tailored to suit specific needs. Additionally, forward contracts may allow participants to avoid certain fees and margin requirements associated with futures contracts. However, it is important to carefully assess the counterparty's creditworthiness and consider risk mitigation strategies when entering into forward contracts.
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Considering the definition of variable cost and a fixed cost, what causes changes in these costs? Give one example of each.
Variable costs are costs that vary in proportion to changes in a company's output or activity levels. Materials, labor, and factory overhead are examples of these types of costs.
In contrast, fixed costs are expenses that remain constant regardless of how much a company produces. Rent, interest payments, and salaries are all examples of these types of costs. Changes in variable costs are caused by increases or decreases in the amount of goods produced or services provided by the company. Increasing production volume would lead to a rise in the number of direct labor hours worked, resulting in a greater need for raw materials, parts, and supplies. Similarly, if production volume decreases, the opposite would happen. Fixed costs, on the other hand, are more complicated. They don't vary with output, so changes in these expenses aren't caused by changes in production or sales levels. Instead, fluctuations in fixed costs are caused by changes in a company's underlying cost structure. For example, a business might switch to a more energy-efficient production process, lowering its utility costs as a result. Another example of fixed costs can be seen in an automobile manufacturer building a new factory. Regardless of how many cars are produced there, the cost of the factory will remain the same.
Therefore, changes in fixed costs are often a result of a company's strategic decisions, such as investment in new technologies, property, or equipment that can help reduce long-term costs, like maintenance and energy use.
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While Wal-Mart has massively impacted local supply chains and consumer behaviours worldwide, it has failed to establish stores in... (7.3) Select one: A. Germany O B. South Korea O C. both of these are correct To what extent has the suburbanization of retailing as found starting from the 1950s in the US been replicated in other countries? (7.3) Select one: A. these days Asian cities exhibit even more suburbanization of retail than is found among US cities B. it really depends on the planning regulations which govern suburban space from city to city O C. suburban retailing has become dominant also in the UK, but is more decentralized there as large 'retail parks' have been rejected by the culture, which prefers the small 'mom-and-pop' retail format instead Boston is cited as an example of... (7.3) Select one: A. the revitalization of central city shopping spaces through the creation of the 'festival marketplace' approach to retail space planning B. a rejection by city planners to allow so- called specialty markets and multi-use complexes to be developed in the city centre O C. both of these are correct Which of the folllowing are statistically now usually purchased online in the US? (7.3) Select one: A. music and toys B. books and films C. computers and cars Which of the following poses a great challenge to retailers who want to sell online? (7.3) Select one: A. the logistical challenges associated with high-frequency, low-value local deliveries are severe B. since there are so many goods to choose from, customers find it difficult to compare prices among similar goods O C. C. major store-based retailers have mostly failed to reinvent themselves as hybrid 'bricks-and-clicks' operations which operate in both physical and online spaces simultaneously
Wal-Mart has failed to establish stores in Germany and South Korea, while retail suburbanization has become dominant in many countries, with Asian cities exhibiting even more suburbanization than the US, and the UK preferring small 'mom-and-pop' retail formats.
The USA has seen an increase in online purchases of computers and cars, posing logistical challenges to retailers.
Despite its global impact, Wal-Mart has struggled to establish a presence in Germany and South Korea, possibly due to cultural and regulatory differences.
Meanwhile, retail suburbanization, popularized in the US since the 1950s, has been replicated differently in other countries, often dependent upon planning regulations and cultural preferences.
For example, the UK has embraced suburban retailing but prefers small, independent stores over giant 'retail parks'.
In terms of online retail, the US has seen a shift towards online purchases of bigger-ticket items such as computers and cars, but this presents logistical challenges for retailers who may struggle to handle frequent, low-value local deliveries.
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On December 1, Home Store sells a mower that costs $130) for $430 cash with a one-year warranty that covers ports Warranty expense is estimated at 10% of sales. On January 24 of the following year, the mower is brought in for repairs covered under the Warranty requiring $30 in materials taken from the Parts Inventory Prepare the December 1 entry to record the mower sale (and cost of sale), the December 31 adjusting entry for estimated warranty liability, and the January 24 entry to record the warranty repairs. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
The journal entries are, Dec 1: Cash A/c Dr 430 Sales A/c Dr 300 Cost of Goods Sold A/c Dr 130 To Mower Inventory A/c Cr 430 Dec 31: Warranty Expense A/c Dr 43 To Warranty Liability A/c CrJan 24: Warranty Liability A/c Dr 30To Parts Inventory A/c Cr.
The journal entries for the sale of a mower are given below:The journal entry for the sale of a mower Date Particulars Debit Credit Dec 1 Cash A/c Dr 430 Sales A/c Dr 300 Cost of Goods Sold A/c Dr 130 To Mower Inventory A/c Cr 430 Dec 1 entry to record the mower sale (and cost of sale) The journal entry for the estimated warranty liability on December 31 is given below:
Warranty Expense A/cDr43To Warranty Liability A/c Cr Dec 31 adjusting entry for estimated warranty liability. The journal entry for the warranty repair on January 24 is given below:
Warranty Liability A/c Dr 30 To Parts Inventory A/c Cr Jan 24 entry to record the warranty repairs.
Therefore, the journal entries are, Dec 1: Cash A/c Dr 430 Sales A/c Dr 300 Cost of Goods Sold A/c Dr 130 To Mower Inventory A/c Cr 430 Dec 31: Warranty Expense A/c Dr 43 To Warranty Liability A/c CrJan 24: Warranty Liability A/c Dr 30To Parts Inventory A/c Cr.
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Evaluate how financial ane economic issues in health care will
affect your stragetic plan.
Financial and economic issues in healthcare can significantly impact the strategic plan of an organization. Here are some key considerations regarding how these issues can affect a strategic plan in the healthcare sector:
1. Cost Containment: Financial and economic challenges in healthcare often revolve around rising costs of medical services, pharmaceuticals, and technologies. These escalating costs can put pressure on the financial resources available for implementing strategic initiatives. Organizations need to carefully evaluate the cost implications of their strategic plan and consider cost containment measures, such as optimizing resource utilization, negotiating favorable contracts with suppliers, and exploring innovative cost-saving approaches.
2. Revenue Generation: Economic issues, such as changes in healthcare reimbursement policies or shifts in insurance coverage, can directly impact an organization's revenue streams. Strategic plans need to account for these potential changes and develop strategies to diversify revenue sources, improve billing and collection processes, and adapt to evolving payment models. Additionally, organizations may need to explore opportunities for partnerships, collaborations, or mergers to enhance their financial stability and sustainability.
3. Resource Allocation: Limited financial resources may require organizations to prioritize their strategic initiatives based on cost-effectiveness and potential return on investment. Healthcare organizations need to conduct thorough financial analyses and feasibility studies to ensure that the allocated resources align with the strategic priorities and can deliver the desired outcomes. This may involve making difficult decisions about resource allocation, including investment in infrastructure, technology, workforce development, and research.
4. Reimbursement and Regulatory Environment: Changes in reimbursement policies and regulations can have a significant impact on healthcare organizations' financial viability and strategic plans. Organizations must stay updated on changes in healthcare policies and regulations and proactively adjust their strategic initiatives to comply with the evolving landscape. This may involve adapting to value-based reimbursement models, incorporating quality improvement initiatives, and demonstrating cost-effectiveness in delivering care.
5. Market Demand and Consumer Behavior: Economic factors can influence consumer behavior and their utilization of healthcare services. Changes in healthcare coverage, out-of-pocket expenses, and overall economic conditions can impact patient volumes, preferences, and healthcare-seeking patterns. Strategic plans need to consider market demand and adapt services accordingly, focusing on patient-centric approaches, enhancing accessibility, and developing innovative care delivery models that align with changing consumer expectations.
In summary, financial and economic issues in healthcare can significantly influence the implementation of a strategic plan. Organizations need to carefully assess the financial implications, explore new revenue generation opportunities, optimize resource allocation, adapt to reimbursement and regulatory changes, and align with market demands to ensure the success and sustainability of their strategic initiatives. Continuous monitoring and flexibility in adjusting the plan are essential to navigate the ever-changing financial landscape in healthcare.
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You want to be able to live in a penthouse in downtown Dallas. You can't afford one right now,but want to buy one in 11 years. You found a penthouse that would be perfect.It was listed at $4,750,220 todayand that is how much you would have to pay now).You have studied the inflation rate for real estate in Dallas,and have found that the price of comparable properties grows at about 6.28% per year.At that rate,how much will your dream penthouse be selling for in 11 years? Please enter the price to the nearest penny
To calculate the future price of the dream penthouse in 11 years, we can use the compound interest formula:
Future Price = Present Price * (1 + Growth Rate)^Number of Years
In this case, the Present Price is $4,750,220, the Growth Rate is 6.28% per year, and the Number of Years is 11. Let's calculate the future price:
Future Price = $4,750,220 * (1 + 0.0628)^11
Future Price = $4,750,220 * (1.0628)^11
Future Price ≈ $4,750,220 * 1.9571
Future Price ≈ $9,300,783.34
Therefore, based on an assumed growth rate of 6.28% per year, the dream penthouse would be selling for approximately $9,300,783.34 in 11 years. It's important to note that this calculation assumes the inflation rate remains consistent over the 11-year period and only takes into account the growth in the price of comparable properties. Other factors such as market fluctuations and specific property attributes should also be considered for a more accurate estimation.
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Which of the following is not part of a company's marketing micro-environment? a) Competitors b) Technology c) Customers d) Distributors
The correct answer is b) Technology.
The marketing micro-environment consists of factors that are closely connected to the company and have a direct impact on its marketing activities. These factors include customers, competitors, and distributors. Customers are essential for a company's success as they drive demand for products or services. Competitors play a significant role in shaping the competitive landscape and influencing the company's marketing strategies. Distributors are responsible for distributing and delivering the company's products to customers.
While technology is an important external factor that can impact a company's marketing activities, it is not considered part of the marketing micro-environment. Instead, technology is typically classified as part of the macro-environment, which includes broader societal and environmental factors that can influence the company's operations and strategies.
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Debate continues on whether efficient markets or governance regulation is best when meeting the environmental responsibilities of business. Discuss this statement by describing these and the sustainability approaches using examples.
The debate between efficient markets and governance regulation in meeting the environmental responsibilities of business is complex and multifaceted. Both approaches have their strengths and limitations, and their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific context and industry. It is crucial to consider sustainability approaches that incorporate elements of both efficient markets and governance regulation to address environmental challenges effectively.
Efficient markets approach:
The efficient markets approach relies on market mechanisms, such as pricing signals and competition, to drive environmentally responsible behavior. It assumes that market forces, if left unhindered, will naturally incentivize businesses to adopt sustainable practices. For example, by internalizing the environmental costs of their operations and products, companies may make more sustainable choices to remain competitive. This approach promotes innovation and flexibility in finding environmentally friendly solutions.
Governance regulation approach:
Governance regulation involves setting legal frameworks and standards to guide and enforce environmentally responsible behavior. It relies on governmental policies, laws, and regulations to mandate specific actions and outcomes. For instance, governments may impose emission limits, waste disposal regulations, or renewable energy targets on businesses. This approach provides a clear and enforceable framework, ensuring compliance and accountability.
Sustainability approaches:
To effectively address environmental responsibilities, a combination of efficient markets and governance regulation is often necessary. For instance:
1. Carbon pricing: Implementing a carbon pricing mechanism, such as a carbon tax or cap-and-trade system, combines market principles with regulatory measures. It incentivizes businesses to reduce their carbon emissions by internalizing the environmental cost while providing flexibility in choosing the most cost-effective strategies.
2. Renewable energy mandates: Governments can establish renewable energy targets and subsidies, encouraging the adoption of clean energy sources. This approach combines regulatory requirements with market-driven investment in renewable technologies.
3. Environmental reporting and disclosure: Requiring businesses to disclose their environmental performance and impacts fosters transparency and accountability. Investors, consumers, and stakeholders can make informed decisions based on this information, driving market forces towards more sustainable practices.
The debate between efficient markets and governance regulation in meeting environmental responsibilities is not an either-or scenario. Both approaches have their merits and can be
complementary. Combining market-based incentives with well-designed regulations and standards can create a conducive environment for businesses to adopt sustainable practices. Ultimately, a comprehensive and balanced approach is crucial to effectively address environmental challenges and promote long-term sustainability.
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Imagine that you accept a job as a salesperson for a company that sells EFTPOS credit card reading machines to local retail businesses. Your company doesn’t provide you with strong training, so you lack expertise on the product. Yet, you are still expected to walk into local
businesses and sell the product anyway. Discuss three interpersonal influence strategies you might use to sell the product when talking to potential customers (retail managers). For each strategy, describe at least one tangible behaviour that demonstrates the corresponding strategy
There are many interpersonal influence strategies that a salesperson can use to sell a product to a potential customer. Below are the three interpersonal influence strategies that one can use to sell the EFTPOS credit card reading machines to local retail businesses:
1. The reciprocity technique involves giving something to a customer to encourage them to buy the product. This technique could be used in sales to local retail businesses. A salesperson could offer to lend a company a credit card reading machine to use for a limited time for free. This would show the retail manager how the product works, what it looks like, and how it might be useful for their company. Once the credit card reading machine has been returned to the salesperson, they could try to sell the machine to the retail manager.
2. Authority technique involves using an authority figure, such as a celebrity, an expert, or a doctor, to endorse a product. This could be useful when selling credit card reading machines to local retail businesses. The salesperson could look for endorsements from experts in retail, small business owners who use the machines, or even business owners from different cities who have had success with the machines. They can then bring those endorsements to the retail manager to help convince them to buy the product.
3. Social proof technique involves showing potential customers that other people have purchased the product and have been happy with their purchase. This technique is commonly used in advertising and can be effective when selling credit card reading machines to local retail businesses. The salesperson could gather customer reviews from other businesses that have purchased the machines and share them with the retail manager. They could also show statistics about how many businesses in the area use credit card reading machines.
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What is the performance and conformance aspects of
corporate governance?
Corporate governance refers to the structure of rules, processes, and practices that a company utilizes to direct and control its operations and activities. The performance and conformance aspects of corporate governance are discussed below.
Performance Aspect: Performance refers to the capacity of the board of directors and the top management to direct and manage the business effectively.
It focuses on how well an organization performs against its strategic objectives.
This aspect of corporate governance entails monitoring the performance of managers to determine whether they are successfully implementing strategic initiatives that contribute to the achievement of company goals.
An effective governance framework creates an environment that encourages management and board accountability.
In conclusion, the performance and conformance aspects of corporate governance focus on evaluating how well a company manages its activities, operations, and strategies.
Effective governance ensures that businesses have appropriate control measures in place to reduce the likelihood of corporate fraud and malpractice.
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Design a salary slip for the month of May 2022 with information
given below.
(Mention the calculation of LOP and Earned Leave
also)
Fixed vs variable ratio- 70:30
Ctc - 18L
Basic- 50%
Hra- 20%
Da - 12
the salary slip for the month of May 2022 based on the above calculations:
**Monthly Salary Slip for May 2022****
Employee Name: XYZ****
Basic Salary: Rs. 9,00,000****
HRA: Rs. 1,80,000****
DA: Rs. 1,08,000***
*Gross Salary: Rs. 11,88,000****
LOP: Rs. 38,322.58****
Earned Leave: Rs. 7,65,677.42**
A salary slip is a record of a worker's earnings and deductions for a specified period of time. It's also known as a pay stub, pay slip, or salary statement, and it's usually given to employees with their paychecks.
Fixed vs variable ratio- 70:30Ctc - 18LBasic- 50%Hra- 20%Da - 12
Fixed vs variable ratio - 70:30 is givenCTC = 18L is given
Basic = 50%HRA = 20%DA = 12
Let's first calculate the Basic Salary:Basic Salary = CTC * Basic / 100Basic Salary = 18,00,000 * 50 / 100
Basic Salary = 9,00,000
Let's now calculate the HRA:
HRA = Basic Salary * HRA / 100HRA = 9,00,000 * 20 / 100HRA = 1,80,000
Let's now calculate the DA:DA = Basic Salary * DA / 100DA = 9,00,000 * 12 / 100DA = 1,08,000
Now let's calculate the Gross Salary:
Gross Salary = Basic Salary + HRA + DA = 9,00,000 + 1,80,000 + 1,08,000 = 11,88,000
Let's now calculate the LOP and Earned Leave:
Days in May 2022 = 31LOP = Gross Salary / Days in a month * LOP DaysLOP = 11,88,000 / 31 * LOP Days
Let's assume LOP Days = 1LOP = 11,88,000 / 31 * 1LOP = 38,322.58
Earned Leave = Gross Salary / Days in a month * Earned Leave DaysEarned Leave Days = (Gross Salary - LOP) / Days in a month * Earned Leave Days
Let's assume Earned Leave Days = 2Earned Leave = (11,88,000 - 38,322.58) / 31 * 2Earned Leave = 7,65,677.42
Finally, let's create the salary slip for the month of May 2022 based on the above calculations:
**Monthly Salary Slip for May 2022****
Employee Name: XYZ****
Basic Salary: Rs. 9,00,000****
HRA: Rs. 1,80,000****
DA: Rs. 1,08,000***
*Gross Salary: Rs. 11,88,000****
LOP: Rs. 38,322.58****
Earned Leave: Rs. 7,65,677.42**
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QUESTION 20 From the following questionnaire identify the Type, Wording problem(s), re-write the correct version of Question and Options Do you think Soft skills help people to become better citizens and get better paid job? a. Yes b. No For ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). d 6
Yes soft skills help people to become better citizens and get better paid job. The correct option is a.
People skills are another term for soft skills. Good interpersonal and communication skills, leadership, problem-solving abilities, work ethics, time management, and teamwork are a few examples. These are qualities that are transferable to any position.
Soft skills are personality qualities and social abilities that define a person's interactions with others. Soft skills are seen as an addition to hard skills in the job, which are knowledge and practical abilities. As opposed to intelligence quotient (IQ), a person's emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) is referred to as having "soft skills" by sociologists.
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Digital inbound tactics aim to put a marketing message directly in front of as many people as possible in the online space. True False
Answer:
"Digital inbound tactics aim to put a marketing message directly in front of as many people as possible in the online space" is false.
Explanation:
The true meaning of digital inbound tactics Digital inbound tactics are a way of encouraging people to come to you rather than you going to them. Digital inbound tactics are a type of marketing technique in which businesses create helpful and educational information that attracts people to their site, rather than relying on advertising and promotions to get visitors to come to their site.
Digital inbound tactics include SEO, content marketing, social media, email marketing, and various other methods. This approach to marketing is more focused on creating meaningful and valuable experiences for potential customers than on putting ads in front of as many people as possible.Digital inbound tactics aim to provide value to the audience, in terms of educational, informative, and useful content. This, in turn, helps to build trust between the business and its target audience. The content produced can then be shared on social media platforms, email marketing campaigns, or other channels, to attract people to visit your site.
In conclusion, the statement given, "Digital inbound tactics aim to put a marketing message directly in front of as many people as possible in the online space" is false. Digital inbound tactics aim to create value for the audience and attract them to your business in a meaningful way.
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given a 10% discount rate with cash inflows of $3,000 at the end of each year for five years, and an initial investment of $11,000, what is the net present value?
The net present value will be -$1,613.77.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of a series of cash flows, we discount each cash inflow to its present value and then subtract the initial investment. The discount rate is used to determine the present value of future cash flows. In this case, the discount rate is 10%.
Let's calculate the present value (PV) of each cash inflow first:
Year 1: PV = $3,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 = $2,727.27
Year 2: PV = $3,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2 = $2,479.34
Year 3: PV = $3,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3 = $2,254.85
Year 4: PV = $3,000 / (1 + 0.10)^4 = $2,053.50
Year 5: PV = $3,000 / (1 + 0.10)^5 = $1,872.27
Now, we calculate the NPV by summing up the present values of all cash inflows and subtracting the initial investment:
NPV = PV(year 1) + PV(year 2) + PV(year 3) + PV(year 4) + PV(year 5) - Initial investment
NPV = $2,727.27 + $2,479.34 + $2,254.85 + $2,053.50 + $1,872.27 - $11,000
NPV = -$1,613.77
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows, given a 10% discount rate and an initial investment of $11,000, is approximately -$1,613.77. A negative NPV indicates that the project's expected returns are not sufficient to cover the initial investment and meet the required rate of return.
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process of analyzing the differences between the bank statement balance and the checkbook balance is
Answer:
The process is called*reconciliation*.
Explanation:
Analyzing the differences between the bank statement balance and the checkbook balance typically involves the following steps:
O.btain the bank statement: Retrieve the most recent bank statement for the account in question. This statement provides a record of all transactions processed by the bank during a specific period.
Gather checkbook records: Gather all records from the checkbook or transaction register that corresponds to the same period covered by the bank statement. This includes a list of checks written, deposits made, and any other transactions recorded in the checkbook.
Compare transactions: Go through each transaction listed in both the bank statement and the checkbook records. Compare the details of each transaction, such as the date, description, and amount, to identify any discrepancies.
Tick off matched transactions: Start by matching the transactions that appear in both the bank statement and the checkbook records. Place a checkmark or tick next to each transaction that matches in both sources. These transactions should not contribute to any differences.
Identify missing transactions: Look for any transactions that are present in either the bank statement or the checkbook records but not in the other. For example, if a check you wrote appears in the checkbook but is not listed in the bank statement, it may still be in transit or not yet cleared by the bank. Similarly, if a deposit you made is not reflected in the bank statement, it may not have been processed by the bank yet.
Verify amounts: Double-check the amounts of the matched transactions to ensure they are the same in both the bank statement and the checkbook records. Even if the transactions match in terms of description and date, a discrepancy in the amounts can cause a difference between the two balances.
Consider timing differences: Take into account the timing of transactions. Some transactions may have been recorded in the bank statement or checkbook records but have not yet cleared or been processed by the other party. For example, a check you wrote may not have been cashed or deposited by the recipient, resulting in a discrepancy between the balances.
Reconcile outstanding items: If there are any unmatched or unexplained transactions, mark them as outstanding. These could include checks that have not cleared, deposits that have not been processed, or bank fees that may not have been recorded. Make a note of these outstanding items for further investigation.
Adjust the checkbook balance: Based on the identified discrepancies, adjust the checkbook balance accordingly. Add or subtract any outstanding items to reconcile the difference between the bank statement balance and the checkbook balance.
Review and update records: Once the differences have been reconciled, update the checkbook records to reflect the adjustments made. Make sure that both the bank statement and checkbook balances now match.
By following these steps, you can systematically analyze the differences between the bank statement balance and the checkbook.
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Even if mutually agreed upon, an employer and employee cannot override and contract out of the Ontario Human Rights Code. Select one: O True O False
True.
In Ontario, Canada, the Ontario Human Rights Code (OHRC) is a provincial law that protects individuals from discrimination and harassment based on various grounds, including race, gender, religion, disability, and more. The OHRC sets out the rights and responsibilities of individuals and organizations in relation to these protected grounds.
The OHRC explicitly states that any provision in a contract or agreement that seeks to waive or override the rights and protections provided by the code is void and unenforceable. This means that even if an employer and employee mutually agree to certain terms that may go against the OHRC, those terms would not hold legal weight.
The OHRC aims to ensure that individuals are protected from discrimination and that their rights under the code are upheld. Therefore, the provisions of the code cannot be contractually waived or ignored by mutual agreement between the employer and employee.
Optimum Company's bonds mature in 20 years, have a par value of $1,000, and make an annual coupon interest payment of $45. The market requires an interest rate of 6.2% on these bonds. What is the bond's price?
Optimum Company's bonds mature in 20 years, have a par value of $1,000, and make an annual coupon interest payment of $45. The market requires an interest rate of 6.2% on these bonds. The price of the bond is $938.35.
Given Data: The par value of the bond = $1,000, Coupon Interest payment = $45, Annual coupon rate (i) =?,
Market Interest rate = 6.2%, Bond's maturity period = 20 years
Formula used: Present value of bond = (C / i) x (1 - 1 / (1 + i)ⁿ) + F / (1 + i)ⁿ
where C = coupon interest payment,
F = par value of Bond
i= annual coupon rate = maturity period of bond
calculation: Using the formula,
the Present value of the bond = (C / i) x (1 - 1 / (1 + i)ⁿ) + F / (1 + i)ⁿC = $45
F = $1,000
n = 20 years.
The annual coupon rate (i) is to be calculated at 6.2%. Using the formula to calculate the value of i,
Annual coupon payment = i x $1,000$45 = i x $1,000i = 0.045 or 4.5%.
PV of bond = (45 / 0.045) x (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.045)²⁰) + 1,000 / (1 + 0.045)²⁰= $938.35.
Therefore, the price of the bond is $938.35.
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In your own opinion, what are the two (2) differences between
"Treaties" and customary law?
Treaties are a formal and written agreement concluded by the heads of state or the authorized government representatives of countries regarding matters such as trade, peace, friendship, and political alliances.
Customary law, on the other hand, is unwritten law that arises from the consistent practice and mutual agreement of a community or society over time.
The two differences between treaties and customary law are:
1. Formation: Customary law is formed by the customs, practices, and traditions of a particular community or society. On the other hand, treaties are created through a formal written agreement that is negotiated and signed by the authorized representatives of countries or organizations.
2. Recognition: Customary law is generally recognized by a particular community or society as binding and authoritative, whereas treaties are recognized by countries or international organizations as binding and authoritative.
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Suppose that you are considering investing in a 4-year bond that has a face value of $1,000 and a coupon rate of 5.7% a) If the market interest rate on similar bonds is 5.7%, the price of the bond is $1,000 (Round your response to the nearest cent) The bond's current yield is 57 % (Round your response to two decimal places) b.) Suppose that you purchase the bond, and the next day the market interest rate on similar bonds falls to 4.7% The price of the bond will be $1035.71 (Round your response to the nearest cent) The current yield will be 5.5% (Round your response to two decimal places) c) Now suppose that 1 year has gone by since you bought the bond, and you have received the first coupon payment. The market interest rate on similar bonds is still 47% At an interest rate of 4.7%, the price an investor is willing to pay for the bond is $ ___ (Round your response to the nearest cent)
If the market interest rate on similar bonds is 5.7%, the price of the bond will be equal to its face value because the coupon rate is equal to the market interest rate
a) If the market interest rate on similar bonds is 5.7%, the price of the bond will be equal to its face value because the coupon rate is equal to the market interest rate:
Price of bond = $1,000
The bond's current yield is equal to its annual coupon payment divided by its price, expressed as a percentage:
Current yield = (Annual coupon payment / Price of bond) x 100%
Current yield = ($57 / $1,000) x 100%
Current yield = 5.7%
b) If the market interest rate on similar bonds falls to 4.7%, the price of the bond can be calculated using the following formula:
Price of bond = [C / r] x [1 - 1 / (1 + r)^n] + FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
C = Annual coupon payment = $57
r = Market interest rate = 4.7%
n = Number of periods = 4
FV = Face value = $1,000
Price of bond = [$57 / 0.047] x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.047)^4] + $1,000 / (1 + 0.047)^4
Price of bond = $1,035.71
The current yield can be calculated using the same formula as in part (a):
Current yield = (Annual coupon payment / Price of bond) x 100%
Current yield = ($57 / $1,035.71) x 100%
Current yield = 5.5%
c) If one year has gone by and the market interest rate on similar bonds is still 4.7%, the price an investor is willing to pay for the bond can be calculated as follows:
Price of bond = [C / r] x [1 - 1 / (1 + r)^n] + FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
C = Annual coupon payment = $57
r = Market interest rate = 4.7%
n = Number of periods remaining = 3 (since one year has gone by out of the total of four years)
FV = Face value = $1,000
Price of bond = [$57 / 0.047] x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.047)^3] + $1,000 / (1 + 0.047)^3
Price of bond = $1,077.22 (rounded to the nearest cent)
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If an investment opportunity has a larger standard deviation it should be considered: a) no more or less risky than an investment with a lower standard deviation. Ob) more risky than an investment wit
If an investment opportunity has a larger standard deviation it should be considered more risky than an investment with a lower standard deviation.
Standard deviation is a widely used measure of volatility and is often used as a measure of investment risk. The greater the standard deviation, the greater the variability, or volatility, of the returns.The standard deviation (SD) is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data, the higher the deviation. When the deviation is zero, all of the data points are identical
The risk is higher because the returns are more variable, which means that the potential losses are greater as well. If the returns are more variable, then the likelihood of a large loss is greater. In contrast, if the returns are less variable, then the potential losses are lower.The larger the standard deviation, the larger the risk. Therefore, it is always advisable to consider the standard deviation when making investment decisions. Investors should always look for investments with lower standard deviations if they want to reduce risk.
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If I invest $750 for one year at annual rate of 4.5%, I will end
up with $783.75, at the end of year.
If you invest $750 for one year at an annual interest rate of 4.5%, you will end up with $783.75 at the end of the year.
To calculate the final amount, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A is the final amount
P is the principal amount (initial investment)
r is the annual interest rate (in decimal form)
n is the number of times interest is compounded per year
t is the number of years
In this case, the principal amount P is $750, the annual interest rate r is 4.5% or 0.045, and the time t is 1 year. As the question does not specify the compounding frequency, we will assume it is compounded annually (n = 1).
Plugging the values into the formula, we get:
A = 750(1 + 0.045/1)^(1*1)
= 750(1 + 0.045)
= 750(1.045)
= $783.75
Therefore, if you invest $750 for one year at an annual interest rate of 4.5%, you will end up with $783.75 at the end of the year.
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Susan is the accountant in a multinational company, Health Plc. The business of Health Plc is responsible for purchasing supplies from a developing country. Susan is authorized to enter into a contract up to $100,000 for any single transaction. Demand in the home market is growing and Head Office are pressing for an increase in supplies. A new government official in the developing country says that Susan needs an export permit from his department and that he needs a payment to be made to his brother-in-law for consulting services if the permit is to be granted. Susan quickly checks alternative sources and finds that the normal price combined with the extra ‘facilitation fee’ is still much cheaper than the alternative sources of supply. Susan faces two problems, namely, whether to pay the bribes to bother-in-law of the new government official and, if so, how to record in the accounts so it is not obvious what it is.
Required:
(a) Discuss the potential ethical issues in the above situation.
(b) Apply the three levels of the content of code of conduct suggested by Stohl et al.(2009) in this situation and discuss the three levels of the content of code of conduct with the management of Health Plc to prevent unethical behaviors.
(a) The potential ethical issues in the given situation include bribery, corruption, and violation of ethical standards. (b) The three levels of the content of code of conduct with the management of Health Plc to prevent unethical behaviors are- 1. Prohibition Level, 2. Prevention Level, 3. Values Level.
(a) The potential ethical issues in the given situation include bribery, corruption, and violation of ethical standards. Susan is faced with a dilemma of whether to pay bribes to the brother-in-law of the new government official in order to obtain the required export permit. This action would be unethical as it involves engaging in corrupt practices, compromising the integrity of the company, and potentially breaking the law. The act of paying bribes undermines fair competition, erodes trust, and goes against ethical principles of honesty, integrity, and accountability.
(b) The three levels of the content of a code of conduct suggested by Stohl et al. (2009) can be applied to address and prevent unethical behaviors in this situation.
1. Prohibition Level: The code of conduct should clearly prohibit bribery, corruption, and any form of unethical behavior. It should explicitly state that employees are not allowed to engage in bribery or make illicit payments to obtain business advantages.
2. Prevention Level: The code of conduct should provide guidance on how to identify and handle situations involving bribery and corruption. It should outline procedures for reporting suspected unethical conduct, including a confidential reporting mechanism. Training programs should be implemented to educate employees about the risks and consequences of bribery and corruption.
3. Values Level: The code of conduct should emphasize the company's core values, such as integrity, transparency, and compliance with laws and regulations. It should promote a culture of ethical behavior, encouraging employees to uphold these values and report any misconduct without fear of retaliation.
By implementing a comprehensive code of conduct that incorporates these three levels, Health Plc can set clear expectations for ethical behavior, create awareness among employees about the risks of bribery, and establish mechanisms to prevent and address unethical practices. Regular communication and training on the code of conduct will reinforce ethical standards and promote a culture of integrity within the organization.
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Today, more companies are looking to incorporate clean
technology and be environmentally friendly. Find an article or an
example of a company that has succeeded in both areas.
One example of a company that has succeeded in incorporating clean technology and being environmentally friendly is Tesla Inc. Tesla is an American electric vehicle and clean energy company founded by Elon Musk in 2003. The company is known for its innovative electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage solutions, and renewable energy generation products.
Tesla's primary goal is to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy. The company has made significant advancements in developing high-performance electric cars that offer zero tailpipe emissions, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Tesla's EVs have gained widespread popularity and recognition for their impressive range, performance, and sleek design.
In addition to electric vehicles, Tesla has also ventured into clean energy solutions. The company produces solar panels and energy storage systems through its subsidiary, SolarCity. Tesla's solar panels harness renewable energy from the sun, allowing consumers to generate clean electricity for their homes and businesses. The energy storage systems, such as the Powerwall and Powerpack, enable the efficient storage and utilization of renewable energy, providing a more sustainable and reliable power supply.
Furthermore, Tesla is committed to sustainability throughout its operations. The company has implemented eco-friendly practices in its manufacturing processes, aiming to reduce waste, water usage, and energy consumption. Tesla's Gigafactories, where its vehicles and energy products are produced, are designed to be energy-efficient and incorporate renewable energy sources, such as solar power.
Tesla's success in both clean technology and environmental friendliness has not only revolutionized the automotive industry but has also inspired other companies to prioritize sustainability. Its innovative approach and commitment to sustainable energy have propelled the adoption of electric vehicles and clean technologies on a global scale.
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On December 31, 2020, Flint Company acquired a computer from Plato Corporation by issuing a $569,000 zero-interest-bearing note, payable in full on December 31, 2024. Flint Company’s credit rating permits it to borrow funds from its several lines of credit at 10%. The computer is expected to have a 5-year life and a $65,000 salvage value.
Interest expense for the first year is $1,314.25.
On December 31, 2020, Flint Company acquired a computer from Plato Corporation by issuing a $569,000 zero-interest-bearing note, payable in full on December 31, 2024. Flint Company’s credit rating permits it to borrow funds from its several lines of credit at 10%.
The computer is expected to have a 5-year life and a $65,000 salvage value. Calculation of present value of note payable: Initial investment = $569,000Interest rate = 10% (because it is Flint's cost of borrowing)
Payment = $569,000, Number of years = 4, Present value of a single sum PV = FV * [1/(1 + r)^n]
PV = 569,000 * [1/(1 + 0.10)^4] = $378,228.
Hence, the present value of the note payable is $378,228.Flint's initial investment is equal to the present value of the note payable since the note is zero-interest-bearing. Therefore, Flint's initial investment is $378,228.The depreciation per year using straight-line method would be:
(Initial Investment - Salvage Value) / Life = ($569,000 - $65,000) / 5= $100,800.
The calculation of interest expense for the first year:
Note Payable × Interest Rate × Fraction of the Year = Interest Expense
PV of note payable as of December 31, 2020 was $378,228
Note Payable = $569,000 × (PV of Note Payable) = $569,000 × 0.66585 = $378,228
Fraction of year = 1/12 × 5/12 = 5/144
Interest Expense = $378,228 × 0.10 × 5/144 = $1,314.25.
Therefore, interest expense for the first year is $1,314.25.
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As a financial analyst, you analyze two companies (A and B) in the same industry with similar operating incomes and corporate debt. Over the past five years, both companies have above industry median free cash flows. Recently, two companies announced their operation outlook for the next few years. Company A increases capital expenditure on research and development (R&D). Company B, however, decides to increase its dividends to shareholders. According to estimations from you and your colleagues, the ratio of FCF after dividends over debt of both firms will be lower than their historical records. Following the four C credit analysis, the lower ratios are bad news for both companies. However, the stock market reactions are different for the two companies.
Write a short easy to explain the following market observations. (a) The stock price of Company A dropped in the first month, but slowly increased in the next few months. (b) The stock price of Company B appreciated but only lasted for one day before starting a slow downward trend.
The stock market reacts differently to Companies A and B despite having similar financial strength. The main difference is that Company A spends more on research and development (R&D), while Company B increases its dividends to shareholders.
The short-term stock price of Company A declines when it announces its capital expenditure on R&D, while Company B's stock price rises but only for one day.
The reason behind the market observation of Company A is that the shareholders of Company A believe that it's spending on R&D could lead to greater returns in the long run. They perceive that such spending will boost the company's growth potential, resulting in higher revenue and profits. This optimism leads to a slow increase in Company A's stock price over time.
The reason behind the market observation of Company B is that the increase in dividends to shareholders was a short-term gain. Dividends were regarded as a good source of income, but they do not necessarily indicate that the company has good growth potential. The market quickly realized that the short-term gain was not worth the long-term prospects. Consequently, the stock price of Company B started a slow downward trend over time.
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On December 31, 2022, ABC Partnership’s Statement of Financial Positions shows that A, B and C have capital balances of 500,000, 300,000 and 200,000 with profit or loss ratio of 1:3:6. On January 1, 2023, C retired from the partnership and received 350,000. At the time of C’s retirement, an asset of the partnership is not fairly valued.
What is the capital balance of B after the retirement of C?
The capital balance of B after the retirement of C is $195,000. The method of calculation is given in the following paragraph.
In the given case, C retires from the partnership on January 1, 2023, and receives $350,000. This amount will be paid from the partnership's resources. Additionally, an asset of the partnership is not fairly valued.
This implies that there will be a change in the profit or loss ratio of the partnership as a result of the retirement of C from the partnership and the misstatement of the partnership's assets.
Loss ratio is the proportion of losses to premiums. It is utilized to assess the profitability of an insurance company by dividing the losses sustained by the premiums received. It is commonly utilized in insurance, particularly in the property and casualty industry.
The solution to the problem is as follows:
Total capital balances = 500,000 + 300,000 + 200,000 = $1,000,000
Profit or loss ratio of A, B, and C = 1:3:6
Therefore,A's capital balance = $1,000,000 x 1/(1+3+6) = $100,000
B's capital balance = $1,000,000 x 3/(1+3+6) = $300,000
C's capital balance = $1,000,000 x 6/(1+3+6) = $600,000
Upon C's retirement from the partnership, he receives $350,000.
We may calculate the adjusted capital balances as follows:
Capital balance of C after receiving $350,000 = $600,000 + $350,000 = $950,000
Total capital balance after payment to C = $1,000,000 - $350,000 = $650,000
New profit or loss ratio = A: B: C = 1:3:2
Capital balance of B after the retirement of C can be calculated as: Capital balance of B = Total capital balance × B's profit or loss ratio / Sum of profit or loss ratios= $650,000 × 3/(1+3+2)= $195,000
Therefore, the capital balance of B after the retirement of C is $195,000.
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Thing One:
In a strong paragraph, provide a sharp, commanding response to this question:
So - you just completed a comprehensive marketing course and are now more formally trained in marketing than most people in the marketing field ... ok - what is your philosophy of marketing - what is it really - what's the big deal and why should we hire you to be our marketing director?
My marketing philosophy centers around the concept of creating meaningful connections between businesses and their target audiences. It goes beyond traditional advertising and focuses on understanding customer needs, building trust, and delivering value.
As a marketing director, I bring a unique combination of formal training and practical experience, enabling me to develop comprehensive marketing strategies that drive growth and success. By hiring me, you gain a strategic thinker who is well-versed in the latest marketing techniques and can effectively navigate the evolving landscape to achieve your business objectives.
Marketing is not just about selling products or services; it's about building relationships and meeting customer needs. My philosophy emphasizes the importance of understanding target audiences, their desires, and pain points.
By leveraging this knowledge, I develop tailored marketing strategies that resonate with customers and create lasting connections. I believe in the power of storytelling, engaging content, and utilizing various marketing channels to reach and engage the right audience. With my comprehensive marketing course training and hands-on experience, I possess the skills to develop integrated marketing campaigns, analyze data, and adapt strategies based on market trends. By hiring me as your marketing director, you gain a dedicated professional who will drive your business forward through innovative and customer-centric marketing approaches.
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For this assignment, you will compose two emails, aimed at different audiences with slightly different purposes. Therefore, while they share the characteristics of business correspondence (formal salutations, closings, and correct positions), the tone and content may differ. Draw on elements of effective email composition and consult :
Message 2: External Email A client’s insurance premium payment did not post correctly. The client, Ava Schwartz, contacted you and informed you of the error. You have corrected the error and the payment is now posted and will reflect on the next statement. Draft an email apologizing to the client for the error and informing her of the resolution.
: For both email messages, keep in mind the following: o Professionalism: Make sure you are using the proper names and positions in your correspondence. Ensure that your tone is appropriate. Use CC, BCC and FWD options wisely and only if needed. Use proper email etiquette. o Clarity: Your emails should clearly state what you are communicating (e.g., what you need, what you are apologizing for, etc.) and should omit extraneous information o Concision: Your email should convey the message quickly and effectively while still including proper formatting and salutations/closings. • When you have drafted both messages, walk away and give yourself a break of at least 5 minutes (ideally at least an hour).
Email is a popular communication tool in the corporate world. A good email should be clear and concise and convey the message quickly and effectively. In this assignment, two different emails are to be drafted for different purposes.
The emails should follow the general rules of business communication, with formal salutations and closings. Still, the tone and content should differ according to the intended recipient. These emails are expected to exhibit elements of effective email composition while adhering to proper email etiquette and professionalism. When drafting these emails, it is essential to keep in mind the following:
Professionalism: Use proper names and positions, maintain an appropriate tone, and use CC, BCC, and FWD options appropriately and only if needed.
Clarity: Clearly state what you want to communicate, and leave out extraneous information.
Concision: Convey the message quickly and effectively while still adhering to proper formatting and salutations/closings. For this email, the client, Ava Schwartz, contacted you to report that their insurance premium payment did not post correctly.
However, you have fixed the error, and the payment will now reflect on the next statement. Below is a sample long full answer to drafting an email that apologizes to the client for the error and informs her of the resolution:
Subject: Apology for the inconvenience caused Dear Ms. Schwartz,
I am writing to apologize for the inconvenience caused by our company regarding the incorrect posting of your insurance premium payment. I understand that the situation must have caused you unnecessary stress, and for that, I am truly sorry. On investigating the matter, I discovered that your payment did not reflect on your statement due to an error on our part. However, I am glad to inform you that we have corrected the error, and the payment is now posted. The payment will reflect on the next statement. I appreciate your patience during this time and hope that this error did not cause any significant damage or inconvenience. I can assure you that we will do everything possible to ensure such an error does not happen in the future. Please don't hesitate to contact me directly if you have any further questions or concerns.
Sincerely, John Doe
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Calculating Present Values [LO2] Suppose you are committed to owning a $208,000 Ferrari. If you believe your mutual fund can achieve an annual rate of return of 12 percent and you want to buy the car in 9 years (on the day you turn 30), how much must you invest today? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Investment
The present value of the amount that will become available at the end of a specified period is referred to as a present value.
When the amount that will be received is computed as of a future date, it is known as a future value. When we speak about the current value of a future cash flow, we are talking about calculating the present value.
The formula for the present value is:PV = FV / (1 + r)n
Where,PV = Present valueFV = Future valueR = Rate of interestN = Number of years
To calculate the present value of the Ferrari, we will use the above formula as follows:
PV = $208,000 / (1 + 0.12)9= $73,859.38
Therefore, the amount that must be invested today to buy the Ferrari is $73,859.38.Note: The formula to calculate present value can also be written as:
PV = FV × [1/(1+r)n]
This is the same as the first formula if we substitute [1/(1+r)n] for (1+r)-n.
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There was a company (XYZ Cruise Lines) in the vacation industry that had a reservations system for their cruise operations that was designed for agents to book cruise passengers for individual bookings within 5 to 7 minutes. This system created a competitive advantage among travel agents as they could book their clients fast from the start of the process to the payment screen. Their largest competitor had a reservation system that took approximately 15 minutes, which was a clear competitive advantage for XYZ Cruise Lines. However, the competitor had an automated process to check in customers at the pier and provided an electronic boarding pass where the passengers would carry an identification card with a magnetic strip to allow for faster embarkation of the ship at the pier and at the ports of call. XYZ Cruise Lines was still utilizing a manual system for embarkation and utilized paper boarding passes. Because customers tend to remember any bad experiences with the beginning (embarkation process) and the end (disembarkation process) of the trip more than during the trip, the embarkation process caused a lot of dissatisfaction, especially among those passengers who sailed with the competitor in the past. In an effort to improve the process, a state-of-the art ship embarkation system was being developed. This new planned system would allow the passengers to be processed faster for the embarkation process and a plastic card with a magnetic strip would be activated and utilized as the electronic boarding pass. Additionally, this same card would also be utilized as the point of sale purchase card, creating a cashless process for the passengers to buy drinks and other extras on board the ship during the voyage. This would further XYZ as the competitive leader in the industry.
This new system would have to communicate with the current reservations system via satellite connectivity. This software development project had four main components: (a) ship embarkation system, (b) point of sale system (POS), (c) satellite technology utility for connectivity from the HQ's reservations system to the ship, and (d) upgrade to the existing reservations system to generate the upload to the ship's embarkation and POS systems. All components were completed by December 1st and were ready for the integration testing process so that the project can be implemented on December 15th just before the start of the busy season, at which time further software project implementations were not permitted for 6 months due to the heavy volume impacting the reservations system.
When it came time for the integration testing, the upgrade for the reservations system could not be made for the test environment because the upgrade was not moved to the quality control environment and the software changes were still in the programmer's work file. No other developer or anyone in IT management had access to these files. The programmer that worked on these changes had a heart attack and was in the hospital. As a result, the project manager informed everyone that they were going to miss the deadline and now had to wait 6 more months before this project could be implemented and the business sponsor was furious.
The quality assurance manager asked the reason for the missed deadline, and when she heard the story, she asked the IT project manager for the risk management plan. He said that they do not believe in planning for risk events because this was a negative process and they support a positive approach towards the systems development process. Because there was not a risk matrix created and the risk for the developer to have a heart attack was not considered, the project was delayed and the company lost an opportunity to improve their competitive advantage, which equated to millions of dollars in potential future bookings.
After reading the quality assurance manager's report, senior management asked the following questions.
What are the project risk management processes as described in the PMBOK® Guide?
Explain why a project manager, or any stakeholder, should not view risk planning for projects as only a negative activity?
Did the organization follow due diligence regarding the creation of a risk management plan, assess all major risks, and develop appropriate risk responses and a plan for monitoring risks? Explain your rationale.
Should the risk event have been identified in the beginning by practicing sound quality control? Why or why not with details?
What are some contingency plans or actions that could have been taken to limit the impact of this possible risk event and other such related events, such as a key team member leaving for any reason? Is there a quality management component that should be considered (If so, discuss what it entails)?
What would be your quality assurance recommendations for such projects in the future based on this case?
The project risk management processes as described in the PMBOK® Guide are as follows: Plan risk management. Identify risks. Perform qualitative risk analysis. Perform quantitative risk analysis. Plan risk responses. Monitor risks.
A project manager or any stakeholder should not view risk planning for projects as only a negative activity because risks can have both negative and positive consequences. Risks can be detrimental to the project if they are not properly managed, but they can also present opportunities for the project if they are identified and addressed in a timely and effective manner.
In the case of XYZ Cruise Lines, the organization did not follow due diligence regarding the creation of a risk management plan, assess all major risks, and develop appropriate risk responses and a plan for monitoring risks. This is evident from the fact that they did not have a risk matrix and did not consider the risk of the developer having a heart attack.
If they had created a risk management plan, they would have been able to identify the risk of a key team member being unavailable and develop a contingency plan to mitigate the impact of this risk event.Contingency plans or actions that could have been taken to limit the impact of this possible risk event and other such related events, such as a key team member leaving for any reason, include cross-training team members, documenting processes and procedures, and maintaining up-to-date knowledge transfer documentation.
A quality management component that should be considered is continuous process improvement, which involves analyzing data and making incremental improvements to the process over time.
To prevent similar issues from happening in the future, quality assurance recommendations for such projects should include the following:
Develop a risk management plan that identifies all major risks and outlines appropriate risk responses and a plan for monitoring risks.
Establish a change control process that ensures all changes to the system are properly documented, reviewed, and approved before being implemented.
Conduct regular status meetings to ensure that everyone is aware of project status, risks, and issues.Communicate the importance of risk management to all project stakeholders.
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