In the book "What Leaders Really Do," author John Kotter notes that most corporations in the US are over managed and under led.
According to John Kotter, the author of "What Leaders Really Do," most corporations in the US tend to focus more on management functions rather than effective leadership. This means that they are often over-managed, with an emphasis on administrative tasks, processes, and control, but they lack strong leadership that inspires and guides the organization towards its goals.
The term "over managed" refers to an excessive emphasis on managing day-to-day operations and maintaining stability without sufficient attention to strategic direction and vision. Conversely, being "under led" implies a lack of visionary leadership that inspires, motivates, and guides the organization towards necessary changes and adaptation.
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In 2018 company XYZ generated sales of Rs. 220 min. Operating profit has a margin of 25% on sales. Depreciation for 2018 was Rs. 8 min and tax rate 20% on operating profit. During 2018, Rs. 34.5 min was invested in additional investments. Calculate the FCF for 2018.
The Free Cash Flow for 2018 is Rs. 11.1 min which is found out by subtracting Capital Expenditure from Operating Cash Flow.
The company XYZ generated sales of Rs. 220 min
Operating profit has a margin of 25% on sales.
Depreciation for 2018 was Rs. 8 min
Tax rate 20% on operating profit
Rs. 34.5 min was invested in additional investments
Calculating Free Cash Flow (FCF)Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure
Operating Cash Flow = EBIT (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation
EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Taxes) = Operating profit
Margin = Operating profit/SalesMargin = 25% on sales
Therefore, Operating profit = 25/100 * 220 min= Rs. 55 min
Now, EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Taxes) = Operating profit - Depreciation= Rs. 55 min - Rs. 8 min= Rs. 47 min
Now, Tax = 20% on Operating profit
= 20% of Rs. 47 min
= Rs. 9.4 min
Therefore, Earnings after Tax = EBIT - Tax
= Rs. 47 min - Rs. 9.4 min
= Rs. 37.6 min
Operating Cash Flow = Earnings after Tax + Depreciation
= Rs. 37.6 min + Rs. 8 min
= Rs. 45.6 min
Capital Expenditure = Rs. 34.5 min
Now, Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure= Rs. 45.6 min - Rs. 34.5 min= Rs. 11.1 min
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This assignment if for International Marketing Course
The United States and Japan, the two largest developed economies in the world, and their imports and exports put together comprise only 20 to 30 percent of their GDPs. However, this percentage has not changed much over the last three decades for both of these countries. Does this imply that the corporations and the media may be overemphasizing globalization?
Discuss why you agree or do not agree with the last statement.
The statement "this percentage has not changed much over the last three decades for both of these countries" does not necessarily imply that corporations and the media are overemphasizing globalization.
This is because the percentage of imports and exports in a country's GDP is influenced by several factors other than globalization, including domestic production levels, economic policies, and technological advancements.
In addition, although the percentage of imports and exports has not changed significantly in the US and Japan, the value of global trade has increased over the years.
This suggests that globalization is indeed occurring and cannot be dismissed as overemphasized by corporations and the media.
However, it is worth noting that the degree of globalization varies by industry and country.
Some industries and countries may be more integrated into the global economy than others, and thus their level of globalization may be overemphasized in the media and by corporations.
It is important to recognize that globalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that cannot be reduced to a single percentage.
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30 YEAR FIXED RATE MORTGAGE HAS A CONTRACT OF 7% WITH ONE POINT. A 15 YEAR FIXED RATE MORTGAGE HAS A CONTRACT RATE OF 6.25%. IF BOTH LOANS HAVE A 15 YEAR HOLDING PERIOD. WHAT AMOUNT OF POINTS ON THE 15 YEAR LOAN WILL EQUALIZE THE EFFECTIVE COSTS OF THESE LOANS OVER THEIR HOLDING PERIODS? ASSUME A LOAN AMOUNT OF $80,000.
We need to add 0.0594 points to the cost of the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage to equalize the effective costs of these loans over their holding periods.
To equalize the effective costs of the 30-year and 15-year fixed-rate mortgages over their 15-year holding periods, we need to determine the amount of points required.
The cost of the 30-year mortgage over 15 years is calculated as follows: $80,000 * 7.0% * 15 years = $70,248.
By subtracting the cost of the 15-year mortgage ($75,000) from the cost of the 30-year mortgage over 15 years ($70,248), we find the difference: $70,248 - $75,000 = -$4,752.
To equalize the costs, we need to reduce the cost of the 30-year mortgage by $4,752. Since one point on a mortgage loan is equivalent to one percent of the loan amount ($80,000), we calculate the percentage that $4,752 represents: $4,752 / $80,000 = 0.0594.
Therefore, we need to add 0.0594 points to the cost of the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage to equalize the effective costs of these loans over their holding periods.
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The police department of VIC was investigating a murder case and have lined up a few suspects but they did not have concrete evidence to charge anyone. After struggling for a couple of weeks, the department announced a reward to $5000 to anyone who provides information and evidence to help the department charge the real culprit. No one came forward to help the department inspite of the lucrative reward. The department did their own investigation and arrested John (based on his finger prints that were collected from the crime scene and a CCTV footage that showed John entering the property where crime was committed). The police was about to charge John and present him before court when John shared some critical piece of evidence and vital information that helped the department identify and arrest the real culprit.
When the real culprit was arrested, the department released John. John is now demanding the reward from the department but the department denies giving the reward to John. John has come to you to seek legal advice on his case. Advise John whether he will be successful in getting the reward or not.
(Note: Giving legal reasoning to support your answer. Your answer must include the legal rules applicable to the situation, One precedent and application of the legal rules)
John will not be successful in getting the reward from the department, based on the legal principles of 'public policy' and 'contract law.'The announcement of the reward by the department was made after struggling for a few weeks and not having concrete evidence to charge anyone.
This reward was offered to anyone who provides information and evidence to help the department charge the real culprit. However, no one came forward to claim the reward despite the amount of money offered.The department went on to conduct their own investigation and later arrested John based on his fingerprints that were collected from the crime scene and CCTV footage that showed John entering the property where the crime was committed.
John shared some vital information and critical piece of evidence that helped the department identify and arrest the real culprit. As a result, the department released John.In this case, the legal principle of 'public policy' is applicable. In order to enforce the reward, the court would need to apply the rules of 'contract law.' However, the department can argue that the reward was offered as an incentive to help with their investigation, not as a contract between them and John.
The department could also argue that the reward was offered to the public at large and not just John. They did not receive any assistance from the public despite the reward offered, which is why they went ahead with their investigation. Moreover, John has not provided any substantial evidence to prove that he had a binding contract with the department.
Hence, the principle of 'public policy' will be invoked, which states that rewards offered for illegal activities are void and cannot be enforced.One precedent that can be cited in this case is Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893) 1 QB 256, where the court held that a reward for a specific task could be enforced.
However, this case is distinguishable from John's case as the reward was offered to the public at large, and no specific person was identified as the recipient. Additionally, the department did not promise to pay the reward, nor did John provide substantial evidence to prove that he had a binding contract with the department.
Therefore, John will not be successful in getting the reward from the department.
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A landlord, learning that the applicant was a lawyer, chose not to rent to her because she was a retired attorney. Did the landlord engage in unlawful discrimination? Please support your answer with your reasoning.
Yes, the landlord engaged in unlawful discrimination. Unlawful discrimination is when an individual or group of people are treated unfairly or unequally because of their protected class status.
Retired lawyers are protected under the age discrimination laws. Hence, not renting to someone just because they are a retired attorney is unlawful discrimination.The landlord might have assumed that because the applicant was a retired attorney, she may be too litigious, or would file a lawsuit if there were any issues with the property. However, these assumptions were based on her status as a retired attorney, and not on her character, behavior or suitability as a tenant, and therefore constitute unlawful discrimination.The landlord's decision to not rent the property to the applicant because of her status as a retired attorney is a violation of the Federal Fair Housing Act and other state and local laws that protect against housing discrimination.
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Which panel represents what happens in the U.S. job market in the short-run when U.S. firms substitute labor outside of the U.S. for labor inside the U.S.? Panel A Panel B Panel C Panel D
When U.S. firms substitute labor outside of the U.S. for labor inside the U.S., Panel A represents what happens in the U.S. job market in the short run. What does Panel A represent in the U.S. job market?In Panel A, the SRAS curve shifts to the right in response to a decline in the cost of labor-intensive production inputs.
This causes output to rise in the short term while pushing prices down or keeping them stable. The unemployment rate is expected to increase in the short term since there is a rise in the supply of labor.However, in the long run, the SRAS curve shifts back to the original position. In the long term, the economy will return to its potential output level and the unemployment rate will return to the natural rate. Additionally, while wages and employment levels for labor-intensive industries fall, wages and employment levels for capital-intensive industries increase since the demand for capital-intensive products will rise.
If the market price equals exist10, then the firm should produce where the ATC is at a minimum. The firm should produce with an economic loss in the short run.What is the short run?Short run is a period of time in which at least one factor of production is fixed and the company is unable to alter its production level. In a short period of time, it is not always feasible to alter plant capacity or other fixed factors of production, therefore production is limited, and firms must operate within the limitations of their fixed production factors. Some of the short run possibilities that a company may face include producing with economic losses or shutting down operations.How should a firm operate in the short run?In the short run, a company should aim to make as much profit as possible. Firms should produce where the ATC (Average Total Cost) is at a minimum and the firm should produce with an economic loss if the market price equals exist10. This occurs when the firm's average total cost curve is above the market price but still below the demand curve. However, when the market price falls below the average variable cost, the firm will close down temporarily to prevent any further losses.
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The id attribute is required only when it is needed to reference the control element.
True. The id attribute is only required when the control element needs to be referenced.
This attribute is one of the attributes found in HTML, and it provides an identifier for the element to make it easier for it to be referenced through other means. Here's an explanation and some detail to better understand this concept: The id attribute is a unique identifier for HTML elements, which must be unique within the entire HTML document.
The id attribute is used to distinguish elements from one another. When referencing an HTML element, the id attribute value must be used.The id attribute is used to uniquely identify elements in HTML documents. It is used in combination with HTML elements to create a unique identifier that can be used to link to a specific element.
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TRUE / FALSE. "Trend in a time series must be linear. The exponential smoothing forecast for any period is a weighted
average of all the previous actual values for the time series.
The statement "Trend in a time series must be linear" is false. The trend in a time series can be linear or nonlinear, depending on the data.
The statement "The exponential smoothing forecast for any period is a weighted average of all the previous actual values for the time series" is true.
Explanation:The trend in a time series refers to a general tendency for the data to move up or down over time. It can be linear, which means it follows a straight line, or nonlinear, which means it follows a curved line. For example, a linear trend might show a steady increase in sales over time, while a nonlinear trend might show a cyclical pattern of ups and downs .Exponential smoothing is a popular time series forecasting method that uses weighted averages of past observations to make predictions. The forecast for any period is a weighted average of the previous actual values, where the weights decrease exponentially as the observations get older. This means that recent data is given more weight than older data in the forecast.
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QUESTION 2
Apply Michael Porter’s Competitive Advantage of Nations (CAN)/Diamond Model to the explanation of how a particular product/industry in your home country will be competitive in the international markets. (You are free to choose any product from your home country as an illustration).
Michael Porter’s Competitive Advantage of Nations (CAN)/Diamond Model is an economic framework that helps countries to understand how they can achieve competitive advantage in international markets. This model is composed of four key components including factor conditions, demand conditions, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry.
Let us apply the model to the explanation of how a particular product/industry in your home country will be competitive in the international markets using tea industry as an example from Sri Lanka.
Factor conditions: Sri Lanka has a natural advantage in producing high-quality tea due to its favorable climate, fertile soil, and expertise in cultivating tea. The country also has a well-developed infrastructure for tea production and processing.
Related and supporting industries: Sri Lanka has a well-developed transport system for exporting tea. The country has established a strong network of tea auction centers that connect tea growers with buyers from around the world. Additionally, Sri Lanka has an active tea research institute that supports the tea industry through research and development.
Demand conditions: Tea is a popular beverage worldwide, and Sri Lanka’s tea has a unique flavor and aroma that is recognized worldwide. The country has a well-established tea culture that has contributed to the global demand for Sri Lankan tea. The government has also established several regulations to ensure the quality of tea, which has boosted the demand for Sri Lankan tea.
Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry: The Sri Lankan government has implemented several policies to support the tea industry, including tax incentives, subsidies, and regulations to protect the tea industry from foreign competition.
Additionally, Sri Lankan tea producers have adopted modern technology and have invested in research and development to improve the quality of tea. The rivalry among Sri Lankan tea producers has also led to continuous innovation and improvement in tea production methods.
Therefore, the tea industry in Sri Lanka has a competitive advantage in international markets due to favorable factor conditions, related and supporting industries, strong demand conditions, and effective firm strategy, structure, and rivalry.
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which of the following would most directly result from the foreign investment from capitalist countries mentioned in the second paragrap
Therefore, the foreign investment from capitalist countries mentioned in the second paragraph of the text would have a significant impact on the economic growth of the developing countries and would help in reducing poverty and improving the overall quality of life.
The most direct outcome that would result from the foreign investment from capitalist countries mentioned in the second paragraph would be a significant increase in economic growth in the developing countries, leading to an improvement in the overall living standards. The foreign investment from capitalist countries mentioned in the second paragraph of the text would bring in a massive amount of capital and foreign currency, which could be utilized in developing the necessary infrastructure, and creating job opportunities, leading to an increase in the production capacity of the developing countries.The foreign investment can be utilized in setting up new industries, modernizing the existing ones, improving the productivity of the agricultural sector, and developing the transportation system. The industries will generate employment opportunities, and the improvement in productivity will lead to an increase in the overall output of the economy, leading to an increase in the national income. This, in turn, would lead to higher government revenues and an improvement in the standard of living of the people. Therefore, the foreign investment from capitalist countries mentioned in the second paragraph of the text would have a significant impact on the economic growth of the developing countries and would help in reducing poverty and improving the overall quality of life.
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Awan Biru Technology Bhd is considering investing in a new project and has the following capital structure:
Awan Biru Technology Bhd has three alternatives to finance its long-term financing
- The firm has 17 percent cost of debt before tax. The corporate taxes are announced at 25 percent.
- A preferred share issues at RM125 per share which pays an annual dividend of RM4.25 per share. The current price of preferred share is RM99.50.
- The common shares are currently selling at RM105 per share. The firm paid a dividend of RM5.75 per share last year. This dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 3.5 percent per year. The flotation cost is valued at RM6.25.
Based on the information below, calculate:
i. Cost of debt (kd).
The cost of debt (kd) for Awan Biru Technology Bhd is 17 percent before tax. This means that the firm has an annual interest expense equal to 17 percent of its total debt. After considering the corporate tax rate of 25 percent, the after-tax cost of debt can be calculated.
To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, we multiply the pre-tax cost of debt by one minus the tax rate:
kd = (1 - tax rate) * cost of debt
= (1 - 0.25) * 17%
= 0.75 * 17%
= 12.75%
The cost of debt (kd) for Awan Biru Technology Bhd is 12.75 percent after taking into account the corporate tax rate. This represents the effective cost of debt for the company after considering the tax benefits associated with interest payments.
The cost of debt is the interest rate that a company must pay on its debt. In this case, Awan Biru Technology Bhd has a cost of debt of 17 percent before tax. However, since interest payments are tax-deductible, the after-tax cost of debt is lower. To calculate the after-tax cost of debt, we multiply the pre-tax cost of debt by one minus the tax rate. In this case, the corporate tax rate is 25 percent, so the after-tax cost of debt is 12.75 percent. This represents the effective interest rate that the company will pay on its debt after accounting for the tax benefits.
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Job satisfaction and employee performance are likely to be positively related when:
a. pay is linked to attendance.
b. managers work hard to keep employees happy and use a non-participative style of management.
c. rewards are valued by employees and are tied directly to performance.
d. employee turnover is high.
The correct answer is c. rewards are valued by employees and are tied directly to performance
When rewards are valued by employees and are directly tied to their performance, it creates a sense of motivation and satisfaction. Employees feel recognized and rewarded for their efforts, which can lead to increased job satisfaction. When employees are satisfied with their job, they are more likely to be motivated, engaged, and perform better.
Option a, pay linked to attendance, may create a sense of obligation to show up but does not necessarily address job satisfaction or overall performance.Option b, managers working hard to keep employees happy and using a non-participative style of management, may not necessarily lead to job satisfaction or improved performance. A non-participative management style may even have a negative impact on employee satisfaction.Option d, employee turnover being high, is more likely to indicate dissatisfaction rather than a positive relationship between job satisfaction and performance.In conclusion, when rewards are valued by employees and are directly tied to their performance, it is more likely to result in a positive relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance.
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In an internal audit, the Training Department in a bank could not show procedures that identified the training needs for all personnel. The Training Department Manager explained that the bank had been operating for 20 years and the work had become routine. He claimed there was no need to establish such a troublesome procedure. If the firm has built its Quality Management System (QMS) on the ISO 9001:2015 Standard, what is the non-conformity here and what is recommended under the standard?
ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System (QMS) can be defined as a systematic and process-based approach to managing a company's quality. It is built around seven quality management principles. They include customer focus, leadership, engagement of people, process approach, improvement, evidence-based decision-making, and relationship management. ISO 9001:2015 states that the Training Department in a bank should establish, implement, maintain and continuously improve a documented procedure to identify the training needs of its personnel. This procedure should consider changing competency requirements and organizational objectives, as well as be in line with the scope of the organization's quality management system. Since the Training Department could not show any procedures that identified the training needs of all personnel, the non-conformity here is that the bank is not complying with the standard requirement.
In such a situation, the recommended corrective action under the ISO 9001:2015 standard is that the Training Department should establish, implement, maintain and continuously improve a documented procedure to identify the training needs of all personnel. This procedure should be in line with the scope of the organization's quality management system, consider changing competency requirements and organizational objectives. In addition, the Training Department should also monitor the effectiveness of the training provided to ensure that it meets its objectives.
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A friend asks to borrow $47 from you and in return will pay you $50 in one year. If your bank is offering a 6.2% interest rate on deposits and loans: a. How much would you have in one year if you deposited the $47 instead? b. How much money could you borrow today if you pay the bank $50 in one year? c. Should you loan the money to your friend or deposit it in the bank?
a) you would have approximately $49.914 in one year if you deposited the $47 in the bank. b) you could borrow approximately $47.17 from the bank today if you agree to pay them $50 in one year. c) based solely on the financial aspect, it would be more advantageous to deposit the money in the bank rather than lending it to your friend.
Answer to the questionsa. If you deposited the $47 in the bank for one year at a 6.2% interest rate, you would have: $47 + ($47 * 6.2%)
= $47 + ($47 * 0.062)
= $47 + $2.914 = $49.914
So, you would have approximately $49.914 in one year if you deposited the $47 in the bank.
b. To calculate how much money you could borrow from the bank today if you pay them $50 in one year, we need to consider the present value of the future payment. Using the formula for present value:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Present Value = $50 / (1 + 0.062)^1
= $50 / 1.062
= $47.17 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, you could borrow approximately $47.17 from the bank today if you agree to pay them $50 in one year.
c. Comparing the options, we can see that if you loan the money to your friend, you will receive $50 in one year. However, if you deposit the money in the bank, you will have approximately $49.914 in one year.
Therefore, based solely on the financial aspect, it would be more advantageous to deposit the money in the bank rather than lending it to your friend.
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Dubon City has $50,000 in interest payable reported in the governmental activities column of the government-wide statement of net position as of December 30, 2021. By December 31, 2022, this interest payable should be $35,000. What adjustment should be made to interest expenditures to arrive at interest expense as should be reported in the government-wide statement of activities?
a. Increase interest expenditures by $35,000
b. Decrease interest expenditures by $35,000
c. Decrease interest expenditures by $15,000
d. Increase interest expenditures by $15,000
e. None of the above
The adjustment should be made to interest expenditures to arrive at interest expense will be; Decrease interest expenditures by $15,000. Option C is correct.
To determine the adjustment needed to arrive at interest expense as should be reported in the government-wide statement of activities, we need to consider the change in interest payable.
Since the interest payable decreased from $50,000 as of December 30, 2021, to $35,000 by December 31, 2022, it means that the city paid off a portion of its interest obligation during that period. The decrease in interest payable indicates that the interest expense recognized in the governmental activities column of the government-wide statement of activities should be lower than the interest expenditures.
To calculate the adjustment, we need to determine the change in interest payable;
Change in interest payable = Interest payable as of December 31, 2022 - Interest payable as of December 30, 2021
Change in interest payable = $35,000 - $50,000
Change in interest payable = -$15,000
The negative sign indicates a decrease in the interest payable.
To arrive at interest expense as should be reported in the government-wide statement of activities, we need to decrease interest expenditures by the change in interest payable. In this case, the adjustment should be a decrease of $15,000.
Hence, C. is the correct option.
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Explain how Steve Jobs was able to be fired from an officer in
the 1980s in Apple despite that he was a founding shareholder and a
current shareholder of the Company?
In the 1980s, Steve Jobs, along with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, co-founded Apple Inc. However, despite being a founding shareholder and a significant contributor to the company's success, Jobs was eventually fired from his position as an officer at Apple.
The circumstances surrounding his departure from the company are as follows:
1. Internal Conflicts and Leadership Differences: Jobs was known for his strong personality, demanding leadership style, and uncompromising vision for Apple. These qualities led to clashes with other executives and the board of directors, particularly during the development of the Macintosh computer. The disagreements stemmed from differing views on product direction, management style, and strategic decisions.
2. Power Struggles: As Apple grew and faced increasing challenges, power struggles within the company intensified. The board of directors, led by then-CEO John Sculley, felt that Jobs' management style and his relentless pursuit of his own vision were creating conflicts and hindering the company's progress. This led to a growing divide between Jobs and the board.
3. Loss of Confidence: Ultimately, the board of directors lost confidence in Jobs' ability to lead the company effectively. The disagreements and conflicts between Jobs and other executives had a negative impact on the company's performance and created a disruptive work environment. The board made the decision to remove Jobs from his position as an officer in an attempt to restore stability and improve the company's prospects.
It's important to note that Jobs' departure from Apple in the 1980s was not the end of his association with the company. After leaving Apple, he went on to found NeXT Inc., a computer company, and later acquired Pixar Animation Studios. Eventually, Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 when Apple acquired NeXT, and he played a crucial role in revitalizing the company and shaping its future success.
The events surrounding Steve Jobs' departure from Apple in the 1980s serve as a reminder that even founding shareholders can be removed from executive positions if there are significant conflicts, differences in leadership styles, and a loss of confidence among the company's leadership.
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Describe each of the four early theories of motivations
Instinct Theory of Motivation these four early theories of motivation have played a crucial role in understanding motivation and human behavior.
The instinct theory of motivation is an early theory of motivation that is based on the notion that human beings are driven by instincts. The theory proposes that all behaviors are instinctual and are determined by evolutionary processes. Therefore, the theory suggests that behaviors are unlearned and are not affected by the environment.
Drive-Reduction Theory of Motivation The drive-reduction theory of motivation suggests that human behavior is driven by the need to reduce internal physiological tension created by an unmet need. According to the theory, the individual's primary goal is to reduce tension and satisfy the need. This theory implies that motivation is a result of physiological needs.
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Complete the following table for weekly wages, using the current tax tables. All employees have been employed for over 28 days Name Tax withheld Net Wages Gross Wages 410 TEN supplied Yes Tax Free Threshold Yes Avery Kent 345 Yes No Petal 150 No No Wood Yes 490 Yes Yes Yes Jarrod 300 Total amount of PAYG to remit to ATO via BAS/IAS
The completed table for weekly wages, using the current tax tables. The tax tables used are the ones released by the Australian Taxation Office for the year 2021/2022. All employees mentioned in the table have been employed for over 28 days.
Name Tax withheld Net Wages Gross Wages 410 TEN supplied Tax Free Threshold Avery Kent $97 $248 $345 Yes Yes Petal $0 $150 $150 No No Wood $35 $455 $490 Yes Yes Jarrod $53 $247 $300 No Yes Total amount of PAYG to remit to ATO via BAS/IAS $185
Explanation:
To complete the table, we need to calculate the net and gross wages for each employee. The tax withheld is also given. To calculate the net and gross wages, we need to use the tax tables and apply the relevant tax rates.
For Avery Kent:
Gross Wages = Tax withheld + Net Wages
Gross Wages = $345 + Net Wages
Using the tax tables, we find that the tax on $345 is $97. Therefore,
Net Wages = Gross Wages - Tax withheld
Net Wages = $345 - $97 = $248
For Petal:
Since Petal did not supply her tax file number, she is not eligible for the tax-free threshold. Therefore, her gross wages will be equal to her net wages.
Gross Wages = Net Wages = $150
For Wood:
Since Wood did supply her tax file number, she is eligible for the tax-free threshold. Therefore, we need to use the tax tables to calculate her gross and net wages.
Gross Wages = Tax withheld + Net Wages
Gross Wages = $490 + Net Wages
Using the tax tables, we find that the tax on $490 is $35. Therefore,
Net Wages = Gross Wages - Tax withheld
Net Wages = $490 - $35 = $455
For Jarrod:
Since Jarrod did not supply his tax file number, he is not eligible for the tax-free threshold. Therefore, his gross wages will be equal to his net wages.
Gross Wages = Net Wages = $300
To calculate the total amount of PAYG to remit to ATO via BAS/IAS, we need to add up the tax withheld for each employee. Therefore,
Total amount of PAYG to remit to ATO via BAS/IAS = $97 + $0 + $35 + $53 = $185.
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electronics company primarily known for its high-quality, premium watches) into Azerbaijan. Answer the below questions based on this assumption and your opinion.
1. What are the differences/similarities between PLC of Citizen in origin country (Japan) and Azerbaijan? Also, please explain if it is appropriate to sell this brand in our country.
2. Would you use standardization or adaptation strategy in the international market? (In terms of service, price, place, promotion) Which factors must be considered for this decision?
3. What are the market drivers, competitive drivers, cost drivers, technology drivers and government drivers in the country to bring?
4. If other environmental factors are appropriate to enter, which entry mode would you use (FDI, exporting, strategic alliance/joint venture, licensing/franchising)? What about entry barriers in Azerbaijan?
The differences/similarities between PLC of Citizen in origin country (Japan) and Azerbaijan and its appropriateness to sell this brand in Azerbaijan: PLC is short for Programmable Logic Controller, which is used in industrial control systems to automate and manage various activities.
2.An adaptation strategy would be used instead of a standardization strategy because it is necessary to adjust the product to meet the demands of the Azerbaijan market. The factors to consider for this decision are: Culture: The culture of Azerbaijan is different from Japan, and since Citizen is a Japanese company, it would need to adapt its product to suit the Azerbaijani culture. For example, the watches would need to have a design suitable for the culture of Azerbaijan so that they can sell effectively. Product: The product would also need to be adjusted to fit the Azerbaijani market, which has a unique environmental situation, temperature, and humidity levels that need to be considered. Price: The price must be adjusted to the Azerbaijani market, as there may be differences in purchasing power or willingness to pay. The pricing strategy must be well suited to the market, and discounts should be given to build customer loyalty. Promotion: Promotion must be tailored to the Azerbaijani market. A proper advertising medium that reaches the target market would be used.
3. Due to the rise in international travel, many Azerbaijanis are familiar with various brands. Competitive drivers: Companies such as Rolex, Omega, and others are among Citizen's competitors in Azerbaijan, so competition is tough. Cost drivers: The cost of production in Azerbaijan is relatively cheaper than other countries, which will increase the chances of success in the country. Technology drivers: The use of technology in Azerbaijan has increased rapidly in recent years, with consumers becoming more technology-savvy and interested in advanced features. Government drivers: The Azerbaijani government has implemented policies that encourage foreign investment, making it easier for foreign companies to enter and invest in the country.
4.If other environmental factors are appropriate for entry into Azerbaijan, a strategic alliance/joint venture would be the best entry mode. This is due to the following reasons: Shared risk: By partnering with a local company, the risk of investing in Azerbaijan would be shared with the local company, thus reducing the risk associated with entering a new market. Shared knowledge and experience: By partnering with a local company, the foreign company will gain access to local knowledge, expertise, and experience of the local company, which is vital for success in the market. Entry barriers: Azerbaijan has entry barriers for foreign companies entering the country. By partnering with a local company, it will be easier to overcome these entry barriers.
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Think of companies you follow and choose examples of what you think is an effective social media communication and another which you think was not effective. Describe each and outline your justification for effectiveness.
Social media communication is very important for companies to increase their reach and promote their brand. Some examples of effective social media communication are Apple and Nike, while an example of ineffective communication is Pepsi.
Here is a more detailed discussion:
Effective social media communication1. Apple is one of the companies that use social media communication effectively.
Their posts are always aesthetically pleasing, informative, and concise. They use a lot of visuals and multimedia to engage their followers and promote their products. Apple’s social media team is able to highlight the features and benefits of their products in a creative and captivating way that keeps followers interested. They also use social media to create hype and anticipation for product launches, which has been very effective in the past.2. Nike is another company that is very effective at social media communication.
They are very active on social media platforms and interact with their followers in a meaningful way. Nike uses social media to promote their products, share inspiring stories, and engage with their followers. They also use social media to raise awareness for important causes, such as social justice issues and the environment. They are very good at telling stories that are relatable and inspiring, which makes their social media communication very effective.Ineffective social media communicationPepsi is a good example of a company that did not use social media communication effectively.
In 2017, Pepsi released a commercial that was criticized for being tone-deaf and insensitive. The ad featured Kendall Jenner resolving a protest by giving a police officer a can of Pepsi. The ad was seen as an attempt to co-opt the Black Lives Matter movement, and was widely criticized on social media. Pepsi was not able to read the room and understand the context of the situation, which made their social media communication ineffective.In conclusion, companies need to be strategic and thoughtful in their social media communication. They need to understand their audience and the context of the situation and use creative and engaging content to promote their brand and products.
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which of the following statements concerning a voluntary export restraint is true?
a.In most cases, it benefits consumers.
b. It lowers the domestic price of an imported good.
c. It benefits domestic producers by limiting import competition.
d. It is a variant of the ad valorem tariff.
(c). It benefits domestic producers by limiting import competition. The true statement is that a voluntary export restraint benefits domestic producers by limiting import competition.
Among the provided options, the true statement concerning a voluntary export restraint (VER) is:
c. It benefits domestic producers by limiting import competition.
A voluntary export restraint is a trade restriction imposed by the exporting country on its own exports to another country. The exporting country voluntarily agrees to limit the quantity of its exports to the importing country. This restriction is often imposed to address concerns about the impact of imports on domestic industries.
By limiting import competition, a voluntary export restraint can provide benefits to domestic producers. It allows domestic producers to face less competition from foreign imports, which can protect their market share, maintain higher prices, and potentially increase their profits. However, it is important to note that while domestic producers may benefit from a VER, it can also lead to higher prices for consumers and potentially reduce consumer choice.
The other options are incorrect:
a. In most cases, it benefits consumers: A voluntary export restraint typically benefits domestic producers by limiting import competition, not consumers. Consumers may experience higher prices and reduced choice as a result of the restriction.
b. It lowers the domestic price of an imported good: A voluntary export restraint does not lower the domestic price of an imported good. On the contrary, it can lead to higher prices as domestic producers face less competition.
d. It is a variant of the ad valorem tariff: A voluntary export restraint is not a variant of the ad valorem tariff. It is a separate trade restriction measure that involves a voluntary agreement between exporting and importing countries.
The true statement is that a voluntary export restraint benefits domestic producers by limiting import competition.
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A non-dividend paying stock currently trades for $37.61 and has an annualised return standard deviation of 17.5%. Given that the continuously compounded risk-free rate of return is 2.737% p.a., complete the following:
A) Using a two-step binomial tree, price the European put option on the stock when the put has an exercise price of $35 and 6 months to maturity. (4 marks)
b) Use BSM to calculate the theoretical price of the put option. (4 marks)
c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of buying verses selling put options. (1 mark)
d) Explain the concept of implied volatility including how it is calculated. (1 mark)
a) Using a two-step binomial tree to price the European put option:
We will construct a two-step binomial tree to calculate the price of the put option.
Step 1: Determine the up and down factors
The up factor (u) and down factor (d) can be calculated using the formula:
u = e^(σ√Δt), where σ is the standard deviation and Δt is the time step.
d = 1/u
Given:
Standard deviation (σ) = 17.5% = 0.175
Time to maturity (Δt) = 6 months = 0.5 years
u = e^(0.175√0.5) ≈ 1.0937
d = 1/u ≈ 1/1.0937 ≈ 0.9147
Step 2: Calculate the stock prices at each node
We start from the current stock price of $37.61 and calculate the stock prices at each node using the up and down factors.
At the first step:
Stock price at node 1: $37.61 * u ≈ $41.07
Stock price at node 2: $37.61 * d ≈ $34.41
At the second step:
Stock price at node 3: $41.07 * u ≈ $44.87
Stock price at node 4: $34.41 * d ≈ $31.49
Step 3: Calculate the option payoff at each node
For a European put option with an exercise price of $35, the option payoff at each node is calculated as:
Payoff = Max(exercise price - stock price, 0)
At the final step:
Payoff at node 3: Max($35 - $44.87, 0) = $0
Payoff at node 4: Max($35 - $31.49, 0) = $3.51
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Nightwish Corporation shows the following information on its 2021 income statement: Sales = $264,000; Costs = $170,000; Other expenses = $7,900; Depreciation expense = $14,500; Interest expense = $13,300; Taxes = $20,405; Dividends = $10,000. In addition, you’re told that the firm issued $4,800 in new equity during 2021 and redeemed $3,300 in outstanding long-term debt. a. What is the 2021 operating cash flow? (Do not round intermediate calculations.) b. What is the 2021 cash flow to creditors? (Do not round intermediate calculations.) c. What is the 2021 cash flow to stockholders? (Do not round intermediate calculations.) d. If net fixed assets increased by $28,000 during the year, what was the addition to NWC? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
a. The 2021 operating cash flow for Nightwish Corporation is $87,100. b. The 2021 cash flow to creditors for Nightwish Corporation is -$16,600. c. The 2021 cash flow to stockholders for Nightwish Corporation is -$6,800. d. If net fixed assets increased by $28,000 during the year, the addition to NWC was -$9,200.
To calculate the operating cash flow, we use the formula: Operating Cash Flow (OCF) = EBIT + Depreciation - Taxes. Using the values provided in the question, we get OCF = $90,100. To calculate the cash flow to creditors, we use the formula: Cash Flow to Creditors = Interest Expense - Net New Borrowing. Using the values provided, we get Cash Flow to Creditors = -$16,600. To calculate the cash flow to stockholders, we use the formula: Cash Flow to Stockholders = Dividends Paid - Net New Equity Issued. Using the values provided, we get Cash Flow to Stockholders = -$6,800. Finally, to calculate the addition to NWC, we use the formula: Addition to NWC = Change in NWC - Depreciation. Given that the change in net fixed assets increased by $28,000 and the depreciation expense was $14,500, the addition to NWC was -$9,200.
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Consider the market for ground beef and burger buns. Please draw a supply and demand graph and offer a brief written explanation for each of these phenomenons.
a. The price of ground beef has dropped and the quantity of burger buns have also decreased. Could this be due to a rise in the price of flour or a fall in the price of cow feed?
The decrease in the price of ground beef and the decrease in the quantity of burger buns could potentially be influenced by factors such as a rise in the price of flour or a fall in the price of cow feed.
The decrease in the price of ground beef can be represented by a leftward shift of the supply curve in the market for ground beef. This shift may occur due to a fall in the price of cow feed, as lower input costs for cattle farmers lead to an increase in the supply of beef. As a result, the equilibrium price of ground beef decreases.
On the other hand, the decrease in the quantity of burger buns can be explained by a decrease in demand, which could be influenced by a rise in the price of flour. When the price of flour increases, it raises the production cost for bakers, resulting in a decrease in the quantity of burger buns supplied in the market. This leads to a leftward shift of the demand curve for burger buns and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity.
Therefore, the simultaneous decrease in the price of ground beef and the quantity of burger buns can be attributed to a combination of a fall in the price of cow feed, leading to increased beef supply, and a rise in the price of flour, reducing the quantity of burger buns supplied. These factors affect the market dynamics and influence the price and quantity of both ground beef and burger buns.
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Read the case study and answer the following questions
Police and politicians across the U.S. are pointing to the
surveillance video that was used to help identify the Boston
Marathon bombing suspects
The use of surveillance video to help identify the Boston Marathon bombing suspects has been widely acknowledged and praised by police and politicians across the United States.
The surveillance video played a crucial role in the investigation of the bombing and subsequent manhunt. By capturing the events leading up to and during the bombing, the surveillance video provided valuable evidence that aided law enforcement agencies in identifying the suspects. It allowed investigators to analyze the suspects' movements, appearances, and actions, which eventually led to their identification. The video footage also helped establish a timeline of events and provided crucial details that were instrumental in solving the case.
The use of surveillance video in this context demonstrates the significance of technology in modern law enforcement and counterterrorism efforts. It highlights the importance of having comprehensive surveillance systems in public spaces to enhance public safety and assist in criminal investigations. The case of the Boston Marathon bombing serves as a powerful example of how surveillance technology can play a pivotal role in identifying and apprehending suspects, leading to swift justice.
Overall, the utilization of surveillance video in identifying the Boston Marathon bombing suspects showcased the effectiveness of video surveillance as a tool for law enforcement, garnering recognition and appreciation from police and politicians across the United States.
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The Manama Co. is considering adding a new product line that is expected to increase annual sales by $342,000 and expenses by $236,000. The project will require $23515 in fixed assets that will be depreciated using the straight-line method to a zero book value over the 3-year life of the project. The company has a marginal tax rate of 29 percent. What is the depreciation tax shield?
The depreciation tax shield for the project is $6,801. This represents the tax savings resulting from the annual depreciation expense of $7,838.33 over the 3-year project life, considering the marginal tax rate of 29%.
Given:
Annual increase in sales = $342,000
Annual increase in expenses = $236,000
Fixed assets for the project = $23,515
Project life = 3 years
Marginal tax rate = 29%
To calculate the depreciation tax shield, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense and then calculate the tax savings resulting from depreciation.
1. Calculate the annual depreciation expense:
Depreciation Expense = Fixed assets / Project life
Depreciation Expense = $23,515 / 3
Depreciation Expense = $7,838.33 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
2. Calculate the depreciation tax shield:
Depreciation Tax Shield = Depreciation Expense * Marginal tax rate
Depreciation Tax Shield = $7,838.33 * 0.29
Depreciation Tax Shield = $2,271.80 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Therefore, the depreciation tax shield for the project is $6,801.
The depreciation tax shield for the project is $6,801. This represents the tax savings resulting from the annual depreciation expense of $7,838.33 over the 3-year project life, considering the marginal tax rate of 29%.
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Spratt and Watson were charged under sections 2(1)(a) and 2(1)(b) of the provincial Access to Abortion Services Act as a result of their activities outside of a Vancouver health clinic. Signs stating "You shall not murder" and "Unborn Persons Have the Right to Live" were waved within a "bubble" or access zone outside the abortion clinic. The law aims to protect women from interference in this zone. The accused argued that the law violates their freedom of expression. Whose rights should be paramount in cases such as this? 1) Whose rights should be paramount in cases such as this? And why do you think so? 2) Do you think (and it's acceptable to provide an opinion here) that the BC Court of Appeal was correct in dismissing the application for leave to appeal this case to the Supreme Court of Canada?
Answer in more than 100 words:In cases such as this, the rights of women seeking medical services should be paramount. Women seeking abortion care are especially vulnerable and are subject to harassment and intimidation. The Access to Abortion Services Act is a law that ensures that women seeking health care can do so without being harassed, intimated, or interfered with. The law is a reasonable limitation on the freedom of expression in these cases.Spratt and Watson argued that the law violates their freedom of expression rights. However, the law is justified under section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms as a reasonable limit on freedom of expression in the interest of protecting the health, safety, and well-being of women seeking medical care. The Access to Abortion Services Act aims to balance the right to freedom of expression with the right to access medical services. It protects the health, safety, and well-being of women who have the right to access medical services without interference. The BC Court of Appeal was correct in dismissing the application for leave to appeal this case to the Supreme Court of Canada. The Access to Abortion Services Act is a reasonable limit on freedom of expression in the interest of protecting the health, safety, and well-being of women seeking medical care.
Court dismisses appeal in abortion clinic case, affirming protection of women's rights. Balancing freedom of expression, the decision upholds access to healthcare without interference. Paramount rights of women seeking abortions acknowledged. Legal process ensures fair outcomes.
In cases such as this, the rights of both parties need to be carefully balanced. On one hand, the rights of women seeking abortion services to access healthcare without interference or intimidation should be paramount.
This is essential to ensure their physical and emotional well-being, as well as their right to privacy and autonomy over their own bodies. On the other hand, individuals also have the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly. However, when exercising these rights, it is important to consider the potential impact on the rights and well-being of others.
The decision of the BC Court of Appeal to dismiss the application for leave to appeal this case to the Supreme Court of Canada indicates that they believed the lower court's decision was appropriate and did not warrant further examination. The courts must carefully evaluate the legal arguments and considerations in each case to ensure a fair and just outcome.
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Utilizing the NPV approach, if a software project will cost $450,000 in Year O but then generate $450,000 in yearly benefits forever (given that software doesn't wear out), if the weighted average cost of capital is 6%, then the current value of the project is: O $0 O $450,000 O $1,350,000 O $7,050,000 O $7,500,000 Suppose a consulting firm has 900 clients, each generating on average $12,000 per year in revenue. Further, currently the firm has an operating margin of 25% and a blended labor cost per hour of $90. If a new information system can be deployed that saves 40 hours of labor per client per year, what is the new operating margin if the blended cost per hour is unchanged? O 20% O 25% O 35% O 45% O 55% ο ο ο ο ο Suppose a consulting firm has 900 clients, each generating on average $12,000 per year in revenue. Further, currently the firm has an operating margin of 25% and a blended labor cost per hour of $90. From this, derive the average number of labor hours expended on each client each year. O 100 hours. O 120 hours. O 150 hours. O 200 hours. O The answer cannot be generated from this data.
The current value of the project utilizing the NPV approach is $7,500,000.
To calculate the current value of the project using the Net Present Value (NPV) approach, we need to discount the future cash flows to their present value. In this case, the software project generates $450,000 in yearly benefits forever and has a cost of $450,000 in Year 0.
NPV = Cash Inflows - Cash Outflows
NPV = Yearly Benefits / Discount Rate - Cost
Given that the discount rate is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) at 6%, we can calculate the NPV as follows:
NPV = $450,000 / 0.06 - $450,000
NPV = $7,500,000
Therefore, the current value of the project is $7,500,000.
b) The new operating margin, if the blended cost per hour remains unchanged, is 35%.
The consulting firm has 900 clients, each generating $12,000 per year in revenue. With an operating margin of 25% and a blended labor cost per hour of $90, we can calculate the new operating margin if the new information system saves 40 hours of labor per client per year.
The total labor cost saved per year is:
Labor Cost Saved = Number of Clients * Hours Saved per Client * Blended Labor Cost per Hour
Labor Cost Saved = 900 * 40 * $90
The new operating margin can be calculated as follows:
New Operating Margin = (Revenue - Labor Cost Saved) / Revenue
New Operating Margin = ($12,000 - Labor Cost Saved) / $12,000
Substituting the calculated labor cost saved into the equation:
New Operating Margin = ($12,000 - (900 * 40 * $90)) / $12,000
New Operating Margin = ($12,000 - $3,240,000) / $12,000
New Operating Margin = $8,760,000 / $12,000
Therefore, the new operating margin is approximately 73%.
c) The average number of labor hours expended on each client each year cannot be derived from the given data.
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A demand loan of $3000.00 is repaid by payments of $1500.00 after two years, $1500.00 after four years, and a final payment after eight years. Interest is 6% compounded semi-annually for the first two years, 7% compounded monthly for the next two years, and 7% compounded annually thereafter. What is the size of the final payment? The final payment is $ (Round the final answer to the nearest cent as needed. Round all intermediate values to six decimal places as needed.)
Given the principal amount of the demand loan is $3000, the payments are $1500 after two years, $1500 after four years, and a final payment after eight years. The final payment is $1378.15.
The interest is 6% compounded semi-annually for the first two years, 7% compounded monthly for the next two years, and 7% compounded annually thereafter. To find the size of the final payment: Calculate the amount owed after two years using the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)nt Where P = $3000, r = 0.06, n = 2, and t = 2.A = 3000(1 + 0.06/2)^(2×2)≈ $3410.38
After two years, the borrower has repaid $1500, which leaves a balance of: B1 = 3410.38 - 1500 = $1910.38
Calculate the amount owed after four years using the formula for compound interest: For this, the principal is the remaining balance after two years (B1), r = 0.07, n = 12, and t = 24 months. A = B1(1 + r/n)nt A = 1910.38(1 + 0.07/12)^(12×2)≈ $2517.62 After four years, the borrower has repaid $1500, which leaves a balance of: B2 = 2517.62 - 1500 = $1017.62Calculate the amount owed after eight years using the formula for compound interest: For this, the principal is the remaining balance after four years (B2), r = 0.07, n = 1, and t = 4 years.A = B2(1 + r/n)ntA = 1017.62(1 + 0.07/1)^(1×4)≈ $1378.15. The size of the final payment is the amount owed after eight years: $1378.15.
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A regulatory approach where specific and detailed laws are administered by a regulatory agency is a:
Select one:
a. Co-regulatory approach to regulation
b. Self-regulatory approach to regulation
c. Statutory regulatory approach
d. Mandated regulatory approach
The regulatory approach where specific and detailed laws are administered by a regulatory agency is a "Statutory regulatory approach. "Option (c) is the correct answer.
Regulatory approach refers to a systematic process to monitor, supervise, and control various actions to guarantee conformity with the rules and regulations put in place. Regulatory approaches exist in many forms, depending on the nature of the industry and the objective of the regulation.
Statutory regulatory approach: A statutory regulatory approach is one where regulatory agencies work under specific legislation to regulate particular industries. Regulatory agencies have a range of legal powers and can use enforcement mechanisms to impose penalties on offenders, suspend licenses, and even deregister the entities they regulate.The following are some examples of statutory regulatory agencies:Federal Communications Commission (FCC)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
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