Species in this class have paired fins, hard scales, a two-chambered heart, and a pair of nostrils. Most species have 5-7 gill slits on each side of their body.
Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous fishes and are mostly marine with basic fish attributes.
ChondrichthyesThey are a class of fishes known as cartilaginous fishes. They possess all the characteristics of fishes in addition to features such as:
living mostly in marine habitatspossessing a pair of jawthe central placement of the mouthpossession of cartilaginous skeletons instead of bonesMore on Chondrichthyes can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/3520910
#SPJ12
How does water enable substances to pass through a cell membrane? How does water enable substances to pass through a cell membrane ?
Answer/Explanation:
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis ). Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane.
Source:
https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobooktransp.html#:~:text=Water%2C%20carbon%20dioxide%2C%20and%20oxygen,to%20cross%20the%20cell%20membrane.
Hope this helps!
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis.
What is Cell membrane?
Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane.
All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.
A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane. The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions.
Therefore, Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis.
To learn more about Cell membrane, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/13524386
#SPJ2
A purple flower with a genotype PP is crossed with a white flower that has a genotype of op. What would the phenotype of the offspring be? You may need to use a punnet square to answer the question .
When a purple flower with a genotype PP is crossed with a white flower that has a genotype of pp. The phenotype of the offspring would be Purple (Pp).
What is Genotype?Genotype may be defined as the ultimate combination of the alleles of those genes which are selected for specific studies.
The phenotype of the offspring would be Purple (Pp). This is because the allele of the purple phenotype is dominant over the allele of the white phenotype. That is P > p.
The Punnett Square may be represented below:
Therefore, it is well described above.
To learn more about Genotypes and phenotypes, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/22117
#SPJ1
If the threshold of excitation is reached, action potential begins, which causes the inside of the cell to temporarily have a ________ charge.
If the threshold of excitation is reached, action potential begins, which causes the inside of the cell to temporarily have a positive charge.
What is an Action potential?This occurs when the neuron is completely depolarizes back and the cell gets back to the resting potential.
The inside of the cell temporarily has a positive charge which is why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
Read more about Action potential here https://brainly.com/question/13606928
#SPJ1
If the threshold of excitation is reached, action potential begins, which causes the inside of the cell to temporarily have a positive charge.
What is an Action potential?An action potential may be defined as a temporary alteration in the neuron's membrane potential induced by ions unexpectedly flowing in and out of the neuron.
The inside of the membrane becomes positive due to the influx of Na+ ions and efflux of K+ ions during the mechanism of electrical impulse.
Therefore, it is well described above.
To learn more about Action potential, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/17841610
#SPJ1
. What characteristics of this Royal Pedigree fit with the expectations for an X-linked, recessive disorder?
X-linked recessive disorders are typically common in males than in females as seen in the Royal pedigree.
What are X-linked recessive disorders?X-linked recessive disorders are disorders which occur as a result of a mutation in the X chromosome.
X-linked recessive disorders are typically common in males than in females.
Females can be carriers but males are always affected when the mutation is present.
Learn more about X-linked recessive disorders at: https://brainly.com/question/27084648
#SPJ1
(love) Every mother ____ her children.
Answer:
love fill in the blank
hope it is helpful
which part of the body contains enyzmes that break down protein
Answer: Stomach
Explanation:
The stomach produces pepsin which is an enzyme that digest proteins.
Answer:
In the stomach, pepsin is the main digestive enzyme attacking proteins.simplexviruses can establish latent infections of ________ cells.
Simplexviruses establish latent infections of nerve cells.
What are simplex viruses?Herpes Simplex viruses are viruses that are ubiquitous and causes wide range of diseases.
They are of two types;
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSP-1)Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSP-2)Simplex viruses causes or establishes latency in trigeminal ganglia sensory neurons in individuals.
Therefore, simplexviruses establish latent infections of nerve cells.
Learn more about simplex viruses here:
https://brainly.com/question/3690773
#SPJ12
Cells are for tissues as organs are to
Answer:
Your answer is organ systems.
According to the tree, which primates share the most recent common ancestor with humans? gorillas chimpanzees bonobos and chimpanzees bonobos and gorillas
According to the tree, chimpanzees and bonobos are the most common recent ancestor with humans.
According to the phylogenetic tree, bonobos and chimpanzees are the nearest to humans hence, they are the most common recent ancestor with humans.The chimpanzee is the creature with which humans have the most recent common ancestor within that clade. Chimpanzees are the closest surviving relatives of humans, according to the Hominidae Family Tree.The closest living relative of humans is the chimpanzee. Their common ancestor is them. They are a member of the animal world and are very linked to one another. The bonobo genome shares traits with the human genome. They share the same chromosomal count as humans. Despite having a genetic connection, they behave differently.learn more about ancestor with humans here: https://brainly.com/question/6539383
#SPJ4
How does dermal tissue help plants on a hot day?
It releases substances so plants can absorb more water from the soil.
It has a waxy material that prevents the loss of water to the environment.
It has guard cells that open to prevent the loss of water to the environment.
It contains chemical substances that allow plants to use water more quickly.
Fossil fuels represent Group of answer choices a large amount of paleozoic and mesozoic biomass buried anaerobically millions of years ago. natural deposits of organic materials that formed long before life on Earth evolved. the remains of fossil animals that lived a few thousand years ago. sustainable sources of energy that are underused today.
Fossil fuels represent the remains of fossil animals that lived a few thousand years ago.
How fossil fuel are formed?Fossil fuels are formed from decomposition of plants and animals dead bodies. These fuels are found in the Earth's crust. It contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy.
So we can conclude that Fossil fuels represent the remains of fossil animals that lived a few thousand years ago.
Learn more about fossil here: https://brainly.com/question/11829803
#SPJ12
describe 4 differences between a bactrial cell and a plant cell
Answer:
Genetic material, cell wall, photosynthesis, and ribosomes.
Extras: vacuole, flagella
Please mark me as Brainliest!! THANKS!!!
categorize the following events as part of g1, g0, g2, or s phase of interphase.
The events are categorized thus;
G1 phaseG0 phaseS phaseG2 phaseWhat are the sub-phases of Interphase?The sub-stages of interphase is;
Gap 0 (G0) Phase: This is called a resting period. It lasts for a short time or long more permanent period. Gap 1 (G1) Phase: It is also called the first gap phase. Here, the cell starts growing, enlarges physically, copy of organelles and produces all the necessary molecular building blocks such as RNA and proteins for the next phase are synthesized. S Phase: The cell produces a complete copy of DNA in the nucleus to produce two similar daughter cells. This stage is marked by DNA replication.Gap 2 (G2) phase: In this phase, the cell grows, produce proteins and organelles and the constituents of the cell are arranged in preparation for mitosis.Therefore, the events are categorized thus;
G1 phaseG0 phaseS phaseG2 phaseLearn more about interphase here:
https://brainly.com/question/8283140
#SPJ11
Which of the following is a characteristic of a population that is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? A. The gene pool gets smaller in each generation. B. The alleles mutate in every generation. C. There are equal amounts of immigration and emigration. D. The frequency of each phenotype does not change.
The gene pool gets smaller in each generation, which is the characteristic of a population that is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The correct option is A.
What is a gene pool?The gene pool encompasses all of a species' genetic diversity. The gene pool's size can change. When organisms have mutations that are passed down to the next generation, the gene pool expands.
When all of the organisms carrying a particular allele die before having offspring, the gene pool shrinks.
Thus, the correct option is A.
For more details regarding gene pool, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14505214
#SPJ1
Define fulcrum?
please help me
Answer:
Fulcrum is the type of machine which helps us to lift the material from any places
Answer:
The fixed point on which a lever turns in moving a body.
Inversion, translocation, and nondisjunction are all examples of group of answer choices
a chromosomal mutations
b single gene mutations
c point mutations
d cellular mutations
Inversion, translocation, and nondisjunction are all examples chromosomal mutations. That is option A
What is chromosomal mutations?Chromosomal mutations is defined as the type of mutation that affects the Deoxyribonucleic acid segments.
Example of chromosomal mutations are:
Inversion: This type of mutation occurs when part of chromosomal segment breaks up and reunites to the segment in a reversed way.Translocation: This is a type of chromosomal mutation where by part of chromosome breaks up to reunite with another different chromosome.Nondisjunction: This is a type of chromosomal mutation where by there is failure of segregation in a pair of chromosome during anaphase of cell division.Therefore, Inversion, translocation, and nondisjunction are all examples chromosomal mutations.
Learn more about mutation here:
https://brainly.com/question/17031191
#SPJ1
Which represents a negative impact of technology?
A. Accessible technology
B. Production of waste
C. Improvement in climate
D. Access to more resources
Answer:
B
because it is harmful
what happens to the energy captured during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by the activated carriers nadh and fadh2.
Energy is passed to an electron transport chain in order to produce a proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?Oxidative phosphorylation is the last and most energetically efficient step in cellular respiration.
Oxidative phosphorylation is based on the transport of electrons on carriers, which is coupled to the generation of a proton gradient.
In conclusion, energy is passed to an electron transport chain in order to produce a proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Learn more about Oxidative phosphorylation here:
https://brainly.com/question/8562250
#SPJ12
A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial interosseous membrane is called a.
Answer:
syndesmosis
Explanation:
fibrous joint in which two adjacent bones are linked by a strong membrane or ligaments. This definition also applies for the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, which is a syndesmotic joint formed by two bones and four ligaments.
Write a short description of the life cycle of a flowering plan
Answer:
Flowering plants begin as seeds. These seeds store energy and food within them long enough to reach the right environment and germinate. Germination is the development of a plant, growing from a seed into a seedling. Seedlings are the second stage of a flowering plant's life. This is when their roots begin to form and photosynthesis can begin. Next comes the growth period. After the seedling is planted, it requires a lot of food and energy as more leaves begin to emerge. The next stage of a flowering plant's life is the flowering stage itself. This is when buds and flowers begin to sprout. It enters the reproductive stage and pollination begins, allowing more seeds to be sown.
A bird's wing and the wing of an insect are examples of
A birds wing and the wing of an Insect are examples of; analogous organs
What are the organs of the animal?A birds wing and the wing of an Insect are examples of analogous organs.
Analogous organs are the opposite of homologous organs and they are defined as are those organs of different animals that look different in structure but perform a common function.
An example of an analogous trait is the wings of insects and birds that evolved independently in each lineage separately after diverging from an ancestor without wings.
Read more about Animal organs at; https://brainly.com/question/17259533
#SPJ12
What will most likely happen if a person does not consume the minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates?
If a person does not consume the minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates then the body will use stored glycogen and the person will look unhealthy and become weak after some time.
Importance of carbohydrates: Like other nutrients, carbohydrates are also very essential for various functions of the body. Carbohydrates such as glucose are required for instant energy and day-to-day activities. If there is no or less amount of carbohydrate in the body then our body will start converting the glycogen that is stored in the liver into glucose. After some time, the person will start to appear unhealthy, thin and weak if there is no minimum daily requirement of carbohydrates is met.To know more about carbohydrates, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/19874109?utm_source=android&utm_medium=share&utm_campaign=question
#SPJ2
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the:
During the appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the chondroblasts.
What are chondroblasts?Chondroblasts are a type of specialized cell found in bone tissues that help with its growth.
Appositional growth is a special type of growth in the bones where the medulla cavity undergoes reabsorption.
In conclusion, during the appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the chondroblasts.
Learn more about appositional growth here:
https://brainly.com/question/1828804
#SPJ12
What do you call a chemical within the postsynaptic neuron that is indirectly activated by synaptic activity and interacts with intracellular enzymes or receptors?
A chemical within the postsynaptic neuron that is indirectly activated by synaptic activity and interacts with intracellular enzymes or receptors is second messenger.
What is second messenger?
A second messenger is a substance whose release within a cell is promoted by a hormone and which brings about a response by the cell.
This chemical is within the postsynaptic neuron that is indirectly activated by synaptic activity.
Thus, a chemical within the postsynaptic neuron that is indirectly activated by synaptic activity and interacts with intracellular enzymes or receptors is second messenger.
Learn more about second messenger here: https://brainly.com/question/13910720
#SPJ12
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
(04.06 MC)
Which statement best describes a decrease in biotic potential?
O Deer increase their rate of reproduction on an island.
Rabbit population increases in a grassland biome.
O Lions have larger broods after successful hunting.
O Seals have more offspring when food is plentiful.
Explanation:
seals more offspring when food is plentiful
Why do calculations of recombination frequencies between loci that are far apart on chromosomes underestimate the true genetic distance between the loci?.
This is the complete question
A. Recombination frequencies cannot exceed 50% and asymptotically approach 50% as the distance between genes increases because only one crossover can occur per chromosome. B. As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear. C.Loci that are far apart on a chromosome often recombine to produce combinations of alleles that result in a lethal phenotype and such recombinants are not recovered or identified. D. Loci that are far apart on a chromosome are often susceptible to a form of chromatic interference that results in reduced crossing over, and this interference does not occur for loci that are closer together. E. If two crossovers occur between two loci, then only nonrecombinant gametes are produced; therefore, recombination frequencies actually begin to decrease for more distant pairs of genes.
As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear. Thus, option "B" is correct.
How, explain your answer briefly?When calculating recombination frequencies, and hence, map distances, we might notice that these distances are not completely additive. They might vary. For example, let us say that we have three genes, A, B, and C, in that order. We calculated that the distance between A and B equals 5.9 MU and that B and C are 19.5 MU apart. According to this, we might say that the total distance between A and C is 25.4 MU (5.9 + 19.5). However, after a two-point calculation between A and C, the value equals 23.7 MU.
The recombination frequency between these two genes located in the extremes and far apart underestimates the actual genetic distances between them because there might occur other crossing-overs that were not detected. This is when calculating the distance between A and C, we probably will not detect the occurrence of a double recombinant between them, and hence, we might sub-estimate the real distance.
The relationship between the actual map distance (number of crossing overs) and the recombination frequency between two loci, is not lineal. The farther apart are the two genes, the worse is the distance estimation.
Thus, option "B" is correct.
To learn more about recombination frequency click here:
https://brainly.com/question/7299933
#SPJ1
what effect does binding of epinephrine to a G protein linked receptor have on a cell?
Epinephrine generates the separation of the G protein linked receptor and it activates the G protein to trigger proper cellular signaling.
What is Epinephrine?Epinephrine is a key chemical messenger (i.e. a hormone) that binds to suitable ligands in the cell membrane.
Upon Epinephrine binding, G-protein is activated to produce a molecular cascade and triggers a cell signaling inside the cell.
In conclusion, Epinephrine generates the separation of the G protein linked receptor and it activates the G protein to trigger proper cellular signaling.
Learn more about Epinephrine here:
https://brainly.com/question/1082168
#SPJ12
Two students are planning an experiment that will test how planaria (aquatic flatworms) respond to different environments. They will conduct two investigations—one that tests the worms’ responses to different water temperatures and one that tests the worms’ responses to different levels of acidity. Student 1 wants to buy two groups of flatworms and use a different group for each investigation. Student 2 thinks the same group of worms should be used for both investigations.
Do you think either student’s method would give more accurate results? Why or why not? Explain your response.
Student 2 is correct and the same group of worms should be used.
What is an experiment?An experiment is the process by which we establish cause and effect relationships in science. The control variable are those that must be kept the same in the experiment.
We know that the experiment will only be valid if the research is carried out with the same group of worms. If different groups of worms are used, other factors may account for the results obtained.
Thus student 2 is correct and the same group of worms should be used.
Learn more about experiment:https://brainly.com/question/11256472?
#SPJ1
Active and passive immunity involves all of the following except receiving mother's antibodies through breast-feeding. exposure to a pathogen either naturally or by vaccination. memory B cells responding to a second exposure to the same pathogen. the stimulation of a nonspecific immune defense. receiving mother's antibodies through the placenta.
Explanation:
Immunity is the ability of an animal to resist infection.
There are two types of immunity in the body; INNATE OR INHERITED IMMUNITY AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY. Inherited immunity it is the type of immunity that one is born with. It is passed from parent to offspring.
Acquired immunity is immunity to particular infections that is not inherited but has developed in the animal's life as it interacts with its environment. Acquired immunity can develop naturally in which case it is called NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY OR ARTIFICALLY.
ACTIVE IMMUNITY is the form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its OWN antibodies against infections. While PASSIVE IMMUNITY is the form of acquired immunity in which an individual is PROTECTED AGAINST INFECTION BY RECEIVING ANTIBODIES.
NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
when attacked by the same pathogens again, they don't became seriously ill. this is because memory cells are able to recognise the antigens and stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogens. This is known as NATURAL ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY. It develops when one recovers from an infection.
During pregnancy, the mother passes antibodies across the placenta to the foetus. At birth the baby gets antibodies from the mother through breast milk. This is natural passive acquired immunity.
Cellulose is a starchy carbohydrate.
Which of these statements about
cellulose is TRUE?
A. Cellulose is rarely found on Earth.
B. Cellulose is a type of fat.
C. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate.
D. Cellulose dissolves easily in water.
Answer:
the answer is d
Explanation:
because as the first statement tell you it is a carbohydrate so B is eliminated .
and we know that it is found in plants so A is eliminated too.
and it makes cell wall and can not easily dissolve in water and d is eliminated so definitely the answer is C
The true statement about cellulose is a complex carbohydrate. The correct option is C.
What is cellulose?Cellulose is a glucose-based linear polymer (polysaccharide) that is found in nature. Its chemical formula is (C6H10O5)X. Plants typically produce it through synthesis.
The primary characteristics of this polysaccharide are biodegradability and hydrolysis resistance. The sturdy formation of plant cell walls is greatly aided by cellulose, a hard, fibrous, and water-insoluble polysaccharide. 20.
The fibrils (bundles of microfibrils) and microfibrils (bundles of polysaccharides) made up of cellulose chains make up the plant cell wall. It is colorless and tasteless.
Therefore, the correct option is C. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate.
To learn more about cellulose, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/5957180
#SPJ2
