The policy or action by which one nation controls another country or territory is commonly referred to as colonialism or imperialism.
Colonialism involves the establishment and maintenance of political, economic, and social domination over a foreign land and its people.
During colonialism, the controlling nation often exerts its authority through various means, such as military force, political manipulation, economic exploitation, cultural assimilation, and the imposition of its own legal and administrative systems. The primary motivations behind colonialism can vary, including economic interests, strategic advantages, ideological beliefs, and the desire for territorial expansion. Colonialism has been a significant feature of world history, with numerous examples throughout different periods, such as the European colonization of the Americas, Africa, and Asia during the Age of Discovery and subsequent centuries. Colonial rule often involves the subjugation of the colonized population, the exploitation of resources, the suppression of local cultures and traditions, and the imposition of the colonizer's language, religion, and social norms. Over time, there has been a growing recognition of the negative impacts of colonialism, including the violation of human rights, socio-economic inequalities, cultural erasure, and the disruption of indigenous societies. The process of decolonization, through which colonies gained independence and self-governance, has been a significant development in the 20th century, leading to the formation of sovereign nations.
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