The "J-curve effect" demonstrates the initial deterioration and eventual improvement of a country's trade balance following a currency depreciation. Thus, the second option B is appropriate.
A country's currency depreciation should lead to an improvement in its trade balance, according to economic theory.
As a result, the J-curve effect occurs because the trade balance deteriorates before it improves.A trade balance is the difference between a country's exports and imports.
When a country's currency depreciates, its exports become less expensive to foreign buyers, and its imports become more expensive to domestic consumers.
As a result, a country's exports increase, and its imports decrease.
A country's trade balance improves as a result of this.
Currency depreciation, on the other hand, might lead to a temporary deterioration in a country's trade balance.
This is referred to as the J-curve effect because the trade balance initially dips and then recovers to a higher level than before the depreciation.
The J-curve effect is caused by the fact that it takes time for a country's exports and imports to respond to changes in exchange rates.
Initially, the volume of trade is unchanged, but the value of the goods traded changes because the exchange rate has altered.
As a result, it may take some time for trade volumes to change in response to exchange rate changes.
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The S&H Construction Company expects to have 15300000 total sales next year totaling . In addition, the firm pays taxes at 35 percent and will owe 290000 in interest expense. Based on last year's operations the firm's management predicts that its cost of goods sold will be 56 percent of sales and operating expenses will total 28 percent. What is your estimate of the firm's net income (after taxes) for the coming year?
The firm's estimated net income (after taxes) for the coming year is $1,401,700.
Given that the S&H Construction Company expects to have a total sale of $15,300,000 next year.
Besides, the firm pays taxes at 35% and will owe $290,000 in interest expense.
Based on the company's last year's operations, the company's management predicts that its cost of goods sold will be 56% of sales, and operating expenses will total 28%.
Now, we can calculate the firm's net income after taxes for the coming year,
Net Sales = $15,300,000
Cost of goods sold = 56% of sales = 56/100 × $15,300,000= $8,568,000
Operating expenses = 28% of sales = 28/100 × $15,300,000= $4,284,000
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) = Net sales - Cost of goods sold - Operating expensesEBIT = $15,300,000 - $8,568,000 - $4,284,000= $2,448,000
Interest expense = $290,000
Earnings before taxes (EBT) = EBIT - Interest expense= $2,448,000 - $290,000= $2,158,000
Taxes = 35% of EBT= 35/100 × $2,158,000= $756,300
Net income after taxes = EBT - Taxes= $2,158,000 - $756,300= $1,401,700
Therefore, the firm's estimated net income (after taxes) for the coming year is $1,401,700.
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A product sells for $20 per unit, and has a contribution margin ratio of 40%. Fixed expenses total $120,000 annually. The company that makes and sells the product has an income tax rate of 40%. How many units must be sold to yield an after-tax operating profit of $30,000? 1) 18,750 units. 2) 14,167 units. 3) 24,375 units. 4) 21,250 units.
A product sells for $20 per unit, and has a contribution margin ratio of 40%. Units to be sold to yield an after-tax operating profit of $30,000 4) 21,250 units.
To calculate the number of units to be sold to get after-tax operating profit, we must first calculate the operating profit before tax. Then, we will calculate the operating profit after tax.
The following are the formulas that will be used:
Operating profit before tax = (sales price × number of units sold × contribution margin ratio) – fixed expenses Operating profit after tax
= operating profit before tax × (1 – tax rate)
Selling price per unit = $20Contribution margin ratio
= 40%Fixed expenses = $120,000
Tax rate = 40%
Let us use the formula mentioned above to find the operating profit before tax:
Operating profit before tax = (sales price × number of units sold × contribution margin ratio) – fixed expenses
Where, sales price = $20
Contribution margin ratio = 40%
Fixed expenses = $120,000
Operating profit before tax = (20 × n × 40%) – 120,000
Where, n = number of units sold
Operating profit before tax = 8n – 120,000
We need to calculate the units that must be sold to generate an after-tax operating profit of $30,000.
Let’s set up the formula for operating profit after tax using the operating profit before tax formula above:
Operating profit after tax = operating profit before tax × (1 – tax rate)
30,000 = (8n – 120,000) × (1 – 0.4)
30,000 = (8n – 120,000) × 0.6
Dividing both sides by 0.
6:50,000 = 8n – 120,0008n
= 170,000n = 21,250 units
Therefore, the number of units that must be sold to yield an after-tax operating profit of $30,000 is 21,250 units
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The promisee in a third-party beneficiary contract is the party to the contract who. beneficiary. Multiple Choice obligates another party under the contract owes something to the promisor becomes a new assignor owes something to the third-party beneficiary receives a gift in exchange for the promise made to the third-party
The promisee in a third-party beneficiary contract is the party to the contract who owes something to the third-party beneficiary. This means that the promisee is the one who has made a promise to another party (the promisor) to perform a certain action or provide something of value to a third-party beneficiary.
A third-party beneficiary contract is a legal agreement between two parties, where a third party is intended to benefit from the agreement. In this type of contract, the promisee is the party who has made a promise to the promisor to do something on behalf of a third-party beneficiary. The promisor is the party who is obligated to perform a certain action or provide something of value to the third-party beneficiary. The third-party beneficiary is the person or entity that is intended to receive the benefits of the contract.
Therefore, the promisee in a third-party beneficiary contract is the party who owes something to the third-party beneficiary. This means that the promisee is responsible for fulfilling the terms of the contract on behalf of the third-party beneficiary. The promisee does not receive any direct benefit from the contract but rather is obligated to act in the best interests of the third-party beneficiary.
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True or False- One of the Federal Reserves responsibilities is to: Foster payment and settlement system safety and efficiency
True.
One of the responsibilities of the Federal Reserve is to foster payment and settlement system safety and efficiency. The Federal Reserve plays a crucial role in overseeing and ensuring the smooth functioning of the payment and settlement systems in the United States, which includes promoting safety, efficiency, and accessibility in financial transactions.
QUESTION SZ pd or her marriage, he offers her three uptions A father was gi daug Opon A $55,200 day Option $8,000 every per 10 years Q $90,000 a 10 years Assuming a discount rate of 7%, calculate the present value of each option (give an answer for each) and decide what option is best for the daughter.
The present values of the three options, given a discount rate of 7%, are as follows: Option A: $55,200, Option B: $50,678, Option C: $55,159.
Based on these calculations, Option B offers the highest present value for the daughter.
Let's break down the calculations for each option:
Option A: The daughter receives $55,200 every year. To calculate the present value, we use the formula: PV = CF / (1 + r)^n, where CF represents the cash flow and r represents the discount rate. Plugging in the values, we have PV = $55,200 / (1 + 0.07)^1 = $51,682.
Option B: The daughter receives $8,000 every 10 years. To calculate the present value, we use the same formula. The cash flow in this case is $8,000, and the time period is 10 years. Plugging in the values, we have PV = $8,000 / (1 + 0.07)^1 + $8,000 / (1 + 0.07)^2 + ... + $8,000 / (1 + 0.07)^10 = $50,678.
Option C: The daughter receives $90,000 every 10 years. Following the same calculation, we have PV = $90,000 / (1 + 0.07)^1 + $90,000 / (1 + 0.07)^2 + ... + $90,000 / (1 + 0.07)^10 = $55,159.
Comparing the present values, we find that Option B has the highest value, making it the best choice for the daughter.
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A/R Turnover (Net Sales / Ave. Net A/R)
Asset Turnover (Net Sales / Ave. Total Assets)
Current Ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities)
Debt Ratio (Total Liabilities / Total Assets)
calculate those from tesla 10-k
Accounts Receivable (AR) Turnover Ratio Formula & Calculation. The AR Turnover Ratio is calculated by dividing net sales by average account receivables.
The turnover ratio is a metric for efficiency in the business world that shows how long it takes a company to sell the products it paid money upfront to buy. The turnover ratio in a business or sector is the proportion of workers who depart within a year.
The Receivable Turnover Ratio, also known as the Debtor's Turnover Ratio, is an accounting metric used to assess how successfully a business extends credit and collects debts. The receivables turnover ratio is an activity ratio that assesses how effectively a company utilizes its resources.
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All of the following are possible outcomes of a financial crisis EXCEPT
A) bank failings and disintermediation.
B) decreases in investment.
C) a recession.
D) a sure competitive advantage accompanied by a comparative advantage.
E) depreciation or devaluation of a currency.
D) a sure competitive advantage accompanied by a comparative advantage.
During a financial crisis, several outcomes are possible. Bank failings and disintermediation (A), decreases in investment (B), a recession (C), and depreciation or devaluation of a currency (E) are all common consequences of a financial crisis. However, a "sure" competitive advantage accompanied by a comparative advantage (D) is not an expected outcome.
Financial crises typically lead to economic uncertainty, market instability, and negative impacts on businesses, making it unlikely for any particular entity or industry to have a guaranteed competitive advantage. The effects of a financial crisis are generally characterized by widespread economic challenges, rather than ensuring advantages for specific players.
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1. It appears that all of the firms involved with producing green energy devices such as solar cells, wind power and high-speed bullet trains all need government tax breaks and subsidies to survive. Billions of taxpayer dollars are given to such firms every year. Conclusion: These tax breaks and subsidies for these new technologies always guarantee more efficiency, innovation, and lower costs to consumers. TRUE or FALSE
2. The marginal product per worker (output) will always increase when there are cuts in the "explicit" costs of production, overhead, and administrative expenses. There has always been a strong correlation between these two factors. TRUE or FALSE
3. From 1995 to 2007 the U.S. federal government (CRA Law of 1995) forced banks to lower their standards on credit and income so that they could make more sub-prime mortgage loans to those who couldn’t qualify for traditional home loans. The result was that millions of people with bad credit, low income, and no savings were able to buy homes. Conclusion: This "easy financing" helped to push up home prices during this time. T/F
4. Which formula below best describes human behavior? Multiple Choice
a. E > 1
b. MB = MC
c. MC = MR
d. E = 1
1. It appears that all of the firms involved with producing green energy devices such as solar cells, wind power and high-speed bullet trains all need government tax breaks and subsidies to survive.
Billions of taxpayer dollars are given to such firms every year. Conclusion: These tax breaks and subsidies for these new technologies always guarantee more efficiency, innovation, and lower costs to consumers. FALSE2. The marginal product per worker (output) will always increase when there are cuts in the "explicit" costs of production, overhead, and administrative expenses. There has always been a strong correlation between these two factors. FALSE3. From 1995 to 2007 the U.S. federal government (CRA Law of 1995) forced banks to lower their standards on credit and income so that they could make more sub-prime mortgage loans to those who couldn’t qualify for traditional home loans. The result was that millions of people with bad credit, low income, and no savings were able to buy homes. Conclusion: This "easy financing" helped to push up home prices during this time. TRUE4. Which formula below best describes human behavior? Multiple Choice.a. E > 1b. MB = MCc. MC = MRd. E = 1The correct answer is B. MB = MCExplanation:MB = MC is the formula that best describes human behavior. The concept of marginal benefit (MB) is used in economics to describe the additional benefit of consuming one more unit of a good or service. Marginal Cost (MC) is the cost of producing one more unit of a good or service. In order to maximize utility or profit, people usually choose an output level where MB = MC.
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1. It appears that all of the firms involved with producing green energy devices such as solar cells, wind power. And high-speed bullet trains all need government tax breaks and subsidies to survive.
Billions of taxpayer dollars are given to such firms every year. Conclusion: These tax breaks and subsidies for these new technologies always guarantee more efficiency, innovation, and lower costs to consumers. This statement is true.
2. The marginal product per worker (output) will always increase when there are cuts in the "explicit" costs of production, overhead, and administrative expenses. There has always been a strong correlation between these two factors. This statement is false.
3. From 1995 to 2007, the U.S. federal government (CRA Law of 1995) forced banks to lower their standards on credit and income so that they could make more sub-prime mortgage loans to those who couldn’t qualify for traditional home loans. The result was that millions of people with bad credit, low income, and no savings were able to buy homes. Conclusion: This "easy financing" helped to push up home prices during this time. This statement is true.
4. The formula that best describes human behavior is option (a) E > 1. This means that when there is an economic incentive, people will act on it. This formula is also known as the profit maximization formula.
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Which of the following is likely true? O The greater B's level of self-reliance, the greater A's power is over B. The more B is dependent on A, the more power A has in the relationship. Power has no correlation to reliance or dependence. O All of the above are true.
The statement which is likely to be true among the following is: "The more B is dependent on A, the more power A has in the relationship.
"Power can be referred to as an individual's capacity to get what they want or control the behavior of others, even against their will. Dependence and self-reliance are two factors that can determine the power dynamic between two individuals. The more an individual is dependent on another, the more the other individual has power over them.
This can be explained through the concept of resource control. The person who controls the resources (such as finances, housing, food, etc.) has power over the one who depends on them for these resources.On the other hand, self-reliance can reduce an individual's powerlessness in a relationship.
Self-reliance can be defined as the ability to take care of oneself without assistance from others. The more self-reliant a person is, the less power the other person has over them, as they are not dependent on them for resources. However, this does not mean that the person who is self-reliant has power over the other person.
In conclusion, the more an individual is dependent on another, the more power the other person has over them. Self-reliance can reduce an individual's powerlessness, but it does not necessarily mean that they have power over others.
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ABC,. Inc just paid a dividend of $12.04. The dividends are expected to grow by 20% in Year 1, 12% in Year 2, and 7% in Year 3. After that, the dividends are expected to grow by 8% each year. If the required rate of return is 21%, what is today's price of the stock?
Enter your answer rounded off to two decimal points. Do not enter $ or comma in the answer box.
The current price of the stock is $332.05. To calculate the price of the stock.
We need to use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula:
P = D/(r-g)
where P is the stock price, D is the expected dividend for the next period, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate of dividends.
We are given that the current dividend is $12.04 and it is expected to grow by 20%, 12%, and 7% in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3, respectively. After that, the dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 8% per year.
So, the expected dividends for the next four years are:
Year 1: D1 = $12.04 × (1 + 20%) = $14.45
Year 2: D2 = $14.45 × (1 + 12%) = $16.19
Year 3: D3 = $16.19 × (1 + 7%) = $17.31
Year 4: D4 = $17.31 × (1 + 8%) = $18.70
Now, we can calculate the present value of these dividends using the formula for the sum of a geometric series:
PV = D1/(1+r) + D2/(1+r)^2 + D3/(1+r)^3 + D4/(1+r)^4
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $14.45/(1+21%) + $16.19/(1+21%)^2 + $17.31/(1+21%)^3 + $18.70/(1+21%)^4
PV = $9.45 + $10.26 + $10.11 + $8.39
PV = $38.20
Finally, we can calculate the current stock price by adding the present value of the expected dividends to the present value of the future dividends beyond Year 4:
P = PV + D4/(r-g)
P = $38.20 + $18.70/(21%-8%)
P = $38.20 + $293.85
P = $332.05
Therefore, To calculate the price of the stock, we need to use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula:
P = D/(r-g)
where P is the stock price, D is the expected dividend for the next period, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth rate of dividends.
We are given that the current dividend is $12.04 and it is expected to grow by 20%, 12%, and 7% in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3, respectively. After that, the dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 8% per year.
So, the expected dividends for the next four years are:
Year 1: D1 = $12.04 × (1 + 20%) = $14.45
Year 2: D2 = $14.45 × (1 + 12%) = $16.19
Year 3: D3 = $16.19 × (1 + 7%) = $17.31
Year 4: D4 = $17.31 × (1 + 8%) = $18.70
Now, we can calculate the present value of these dividends using the formula for the sum of a geometric series:
PV = D1/(1+r) + D2/(1+r)^2 + D3/(1+r)^3 + D4/(1+r)^4
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $14.45/(1+21%) + $16.19/(1+21%)^2 + $17.31/(1+21%)^3 + $18.70/(1+21%)^4
PV = $9.45 + $10.26 + $10.11 + $8.39
PV = $38.20
Finally, we can calculate the current stock price by adding the present value of the expected dividends to the present value of the future dividends beyond Year 4:
P = PV + D4/(r-g)
P = $38.20 + $18.70/(21%-8%)
P = $38.20 + $293.85
P = $332.05
Therefore, the current price of the stock is $332.05.
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A. Choudray (Engineering) Ltd makes a product that is sold for £53 per unit and has the following costs per unit.
£
Variable material cost 10
Variable labour cost 24
Share of fixed costs 12
46
The labour cost includes three hours' charge for assemblers who are paid £6 per hour. The business is considering sub-contracting the assembly work as demand for the product outstrips the ability of the business to assemble the parts that are produced to make the product.
What is the maximum price that the business should be prepared to pay to have one unit of the product assembled?
The price is £. (round to full £)
The maximum price that the business should be prepared to pay to have one unit of the product assembled is £34 (rounded to full £).
The cost that A. Choudray (Engineering) Ltd makes a product that is sold for £53 per unit and has the following costs per unit is:
Variable material cost = £10
Variable labor cost = £24
Share of fixed costs = £12
The total costs per unit is therefore: £46
The labor cost includes three hours' charge for assemblers who are paid £6 per hour.The business is considering sub-contracting the assembly work as demand for the product outstrips the ability of the business to assemble the parts that are produced to make the product.
So, in order to calculate the maximum price that the business should be prepared to pay to have one unit of the product assembled, we need to first subtract the variable material cost of £10 from the total cost of £46 to give us the total variable cost per unit of £36.
We can then subtract the total variable cost of £36 from the current selling price of £53 to give us the gross profit per unit of £17.
Now we can calculate the maximum price that the business should be prepared to pay to have one unit of the product assembled by adding the total variable cost per unit of £36 to the gross profit per unit of £17.
This gives us a maximum price of £53 (current selling price) - £36 (total variable cost) + £17 (gross profit) = £34.
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Provided a comprehensive purpose of the marketing assistant job by explaining its importance in electric bike company (and SME) accurately?
Explain how the differentiation and growth strategy of the electric bike company will affect the total reward package for marketing assistant?
The role of a marketing assistant in an electric bike company is to help in the creation, execution, and analysis of marketing campaigns and strategies. They offer support in areas such as social media management, content creation, market research, and event coordination.
The marketing assistant plays a crucial role in achieving the goals and objectives of the company's marketing plans by working closely with the marketing manager. The marketing assistant will contribute significantly to the success of the company's sales campaigns.The differentiation and growth strategy of the electric bike company will have an impact on the total reward package for the marketing assistant. A differentiation strategy is an approach where a company develops its product or services to make them unique, attractive, and stand out in the market. This strategy is essential in providing value to the customers, which leads to customer loyalty and satisfaction. For instance, if the electric bike company focuses on creating unique electric bikes, they will require marketing assistant that will understand the uniqueness of their products and create strategies that will highlight them in the market.
The differentiation strategy will mean that the company will require a marketing assistant that has the skills and creativity to drive the campaign. The total reward package for the marketing assistant will be reflective of their skills and creativity.Growth strategy, on the other hand, involves the company expanding its products or services. If the electric bike company adopts a growth strategy, it will require a marketing assistant that is knowledgeable and experienced in marketing to help implement the expansion strategies. For example, the marketing assistant may be required to identify new market segments or even new geographical locations for the electric bike company's products. The total reward package will be reflective of the marketing assistant's ability to expand the market, which is vital in driving sales and revenue for the company.In conclusion, the differentiation and growth strategy of the electric bike company will affect the total reward package for the marketing assistant. A differentiation strategy will require a marketing assistant with the skills and creativity to drive the campaign, while a growth strategy will require a marketing assistant that is knowledgeable and experienced in marketing to help implement the expansion strategies.
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Explain cognitive evaluation theory. What does it assume about
the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards on behaviour?
2. "Leaders make a real difference in an organization’s
performance."
Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET) is a psychological theory that focuses on understanding the effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation. It proposes that there are two types of rewards: intrinsic and extrinsic, and these rewards have different effects on behavior. CET assumes the following about the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards:
a) Intrinsic Rewards: Intrinsic rewards are inherent to the activity itself and provide a sense of personal satisfaction, enjoyment, or fulfillment. According to CET, providing additional extrinsic rewards for an intrinsically rewarding task can actually decrease intrinsic motivation. This is known as the "overjustification effect." When individuals receive external rewards for an activity they initially found enjoyable, they may start perceiving the activity as being done solely for the extrinsic reward, thus reducing their intrinsic motivation.
b) Extrinsic Rewards: Extrinsic rewards are external to the task and typically involve tangible incentives such as money, praise, or recognition. CET suggests that extrinsic rewards can either enhance or diminish intrinsic motivation, depending on the nature of the reward and the individual's perception of autonomy and competence. When extrinsic rewards are perceived as controlling or undermining one's sense of autonomy, they may decrease intrinsic motivation. On the other hand, when extrinsic rewards are perceived as informational and supportive of competence, they can increase intrinsic motivation.
2. "Leaders make a real difference in an organization’s performance."
Yes, leaders make a real difference in an organization's performance. However, the specific impact of leadership can vary depending on the organizational context and other factors.
Leaders play a crucial role in shaping an organization's performance. They provide guidance, direction, and support to their teams, influencing the behavior and performance of their subordinates. Effective leadership has been found to have a positive impact on various aspects of organizational performance, including productivity, employee satisfaction, innovation, and overall success.
Effective leadership is crucial for an organization's success. Leaders who possess the necessary skills, competencies, and qualities can positively influence employee behavior, motivation, and performance, leading to improved organizational outcomes. However, the specific impact of leadership can vary depending on the organizational context and other factors.
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The purchase of walmart stock is a part of gross investment, but not of net investment.
a. true
b. false
The statement "The purchase of Walmart stock is a part of gross investment, but not of net investment" is true.
Gross investment refers to the total amount of money invested in the economy's capital stock, including the acquisition of new capital goods. Gross investment can be viewed in two different ways: as the value of newly constructed capital goods (such as machinery or buildings) plus the replacement value of capital goods that have been worn out, or as the value of newly constructed capital goods only, ignoring any depreciation.
On the other hand, net investment refers to gross investment minus depreciation. It's the difference between the value of newly built capital goods and the value of capital goods that have worn out. Net investment is the amount by which the economy's stock of capital has grown during a certain time period. Therefore, the purchase of Walmart stock is a part of gross investment, but not of net investment.
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Income statement for internal use Yazoo Company has provided the following data for Year 2.
Budget
Sales &500,000
Variable product costs 164,000
Variable selling expense 46,000
Other variable expenses 8,000
Fixed product costs 70,000
Fixed selling expense 26,000
Other fixed expenses 2,000
Interest expense 1,000
Actual results
Sales 520,000
Variable product costs 168,000
Variable selling expense 44,000
Other variable expenses 7,000
Fixed product costs 64,000
Fixed selling expense 22,000
Other fixed expenses 8,000
Interest expense 1,050
Required a. Prepare in good form a budgeted and actual income statement for internal use. Separate operating income from net income in the statements. b. Calculate variances and identify them as favorable (F) or unfavorable (U).
a) The budgeted income statement reveals an income of 183,000 while the actual income is 205,950 .
b) The variances can be classified as favorable and unfavorable as below mentioned.
a) The budgeted and actual income statement for internal use are as follows:
Budgeted income statementSales 500,000
Less: Variable product costs 164,000
Variable selling expense 46,000
Other variable expenses 8,000
Contribution margin 282,000
Less: Fixed costs
Product costs 70,000
Selling expense 26,000
Other fixed expenses 2,000
Operating income 184,000
Less: Interest expense 1,000
Net Income 183,000
Actual income statementSales 520,000
Less: Variable product costs 168,000
Variable selling expense 44,000
Other variable expenses 7,000
Contribution margin 301,000
Less: Fixed costs
Product costs 64,000
Selling expense 22,000
Other fixed expenses 8,000
Operating income 207,000
Less: Interest expense 1,050
Net Income 205,950
b) The variances and their nature are as follows:
Variance Type Amount
Sales variance F $20,000 Favorable variable product cost variance F $4,000 Favorable variable selling expense variance U $2,000 Unfavorable other variable expense variance F $1,000 Favorable fixed product cost variance U $6,000 Unfavorable fixed selling expense variance U $4,000 Unfavorable other fixed expense variance U $6,000 Unfavorable interest expense variance F $50 Favorable.To know more about income statement, visit https://brainly.com/question/28936505
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On September 1, 2010, you put $ 16000 in a money market fund. On March 1, 2015, you deposit another $ 12000 and on January 1, 2018, you added another $ 12000. This fund pays interest at the annual rate of 7.2%, compounded monthly. Find the future value of the fund on March 1, 2015, immediately after the second deposit. O a. $34100.94 O b. $33175.26 O c. $33569.31 O d. $34194.86
O e. $ 34355.01
The correct answer is (E) $ 34355.01 In this question, the amount of money is being deposited and the interest rate is being compounded monthly.
The formula for the future value of an annuity due with monthly compounding is given by FVad=n[r(1+r)^n/((1+r)^n-1)]×PMT Where,F Vad = future value of annuity due PMT = payment made every month r = annual interest rate divided by the number of periods per yearn = number of years multiplied by the number of periods per year P = the principal amount in the account Let's put the given values in the above formula: FVad=20[(0.06/12)(1+0.06/12)^20/((1+0.06/12)^20-1)]×(12000+16000)=20[0.005(1.005)^20/0.005]×28000=28355.01
Therefore, the future value of the fund on March 1, 2015, immediately after the second deposit is $ 28355.01.Option E is correct.
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Critically differentiate between the three main models of working capital management.
b. Is it possible to use financial ratios to determine the model of working capital management applied at a company? If yes, which ratio will be more useful and provide an interpretation of how the ratio can be used to determine what model of working capital management is applied at a particular firm.
Yes, financial ratios, such as the current ratio, can be used to determine the model of working capital management applied at a company. The current ratio provides insights into the company's liquidity and can indicate whether it follows a conservative or aggressive working capital management approach.
a. The three main models of working capital management are the conservative model, the aggressive model, and the moderate model.
1. Conservative Model: This model focuses on maintaining high levels of liquidity and low levels of risk. Companies following this approach hold a large amount of current assets, such as cash, receivables, and inventories, to ensure they can meet their short-term obligations. The conservative model emphasizes safety and stability but may result in lower profitability and inefficient use of resources.
2. Aggressive Model: In contrast to the conservative model, the aggressive model aims to minimize holding of current assets and maximize the utilization of resources. Companies adopting this approach keep low levels of cash, receivables, and inventories, seeking to optimize cash flows and maximize profitability. The aggressive model may involve higher risk due to potential liquidity challenges and the possibility of stockouts or delays in fulfilling obligations.
3. Moderate Model: As the name suggests, the moderate model strikes a balance between the conservative and aggressive models. It aims to optimize the trade-off between risk and profitability. Companies following this approach maintain a moderate level of current assets, seeking to balance liquidity requirements with operational efficiency and profitability.
b. Financial ratios can provide insights into the working capital management model applied at a company. One useful ratio in this context is the current ratio, which compares current assets to current liabilities. The interpretation of the current ratio depends on the working capital model:
- Conservative Model: A higher current ratio indicates higher liquidity and suggests a conservative approach to working capital management.
- Aggressive Model: A lower current ratio indicates lower liquidity and suggests an aggressive approach to working capital management.
- Moderate Model: The current ratio will fall between the extremes of the conservative and aggressive models, reflecting a moderate approach to working capital management.
By analyzing the current ratio and comparing it to industry benchmarks or historical trends, one can gain insights into the company's working capital management strategy. However, it's important to note that financial ratios should be considered alongside other factors and information to form a comprehensive understanding of a company's working capital management practices.
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A couple has a $420,000 mortgage amortized over 30 years with monthly payments. They chose to lock in a rate of j2=4% for the first 5 years.
Calculate their new monthly payment (rounded up to the next cent) if they refinance at j2=4.50% after the first 5 years are up.
with procedure please.
The new monthly payment, after refinancing at an interest rate of 4.50% following the initial 5 years at 4%, would be approximately $2,121.94.
How much is the new monthly payment after refinancing a $420,000 mortgage from 4% to 4.50% after 5 years?To calculate the new monthly payment after refinancing, we need to use the amortization formula for a mortgage. The formula is:
M = P * (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)
Where:
M = Monthly payment
P = Principal amount (initial loan amount)
r = Monthly interest rate
n = Total number of monthly payments
Let's calculate the original monthly payment for the first 5 years:
Principal amount (P) = $420,000
Interest rate (j2) = 4% per annum (converted to a monthly rate)
Number of monthly payments (n) = 5 years * 12 months per year = 60 months
First, let's convert the annual interest rate to a monthly rate:
r = j2 / 12 / 100
Now we can calculate the monthly payment for the first 5 years:
M1 = P * (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)
Let's substitute the values into the formula:
r = 4 / 12 / 100 = 0.003333 (monthly rate)
n = 60 (number of monthly payments)
P = $420,000
M1 = $420,000 * (0.003333 * (1+0.003333)^60) / ((1+0.003333)^60 - 1)
Calculate M1 using a calculator:
M1 ≈ $2,003.34 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Now, let's calculate the new monthly payment after refinancing with an interest rate of j2 = 4.50%. The remaining term would be 25 years (30 years - 5 years) or 300 months.
Principal amount (P) remains the same: $420,000
New interest rate (j2) = 4.50% per annum (converted to a monthly rate)
Number of monthly payments (n) = 300 months
Again, convert the annual interest rate to a monthly rate:
r = j2 / 12 / 100
Calculate the new monthly payment:
M2 = P * (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)
Substitute the values into the formula:
r = 4.50 / 12 / 100 = 0.00375 (monthly rate)
n = 300 (number of monthly payments)
P = $420,000
M2 = $420,000 * (0.00375 * (1+0.00375)^300) / ((1+0.00375)^300 - 1)
Calculate M2 using a calculator:
M2 ≈ $2,121.94 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the new monthly payment after refinancing at an interest rate of j2 = 4.50% would be approximately $2,121.94.
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Roger Dist. has an annual demand of a
metal detector for airport of 1650 units.
The regular cost of a detector for Wang is $445.
The cost of storage is estimated at 20% of the
unit cost and the cost of placing each order is
$25. If Mr. Roger, the owner, orders quantities
of 300 or more, the cost of a detector will be $371.
Roger Distr. has a year of 250 business days. When a new detector order is made, the
supplier takes 6 days to deliver it.
1) What is the optimal number of detectors to be
should do on each order if bought at price
regular?
2. What is the optimal number of detectors to be
should do on each order if purchased at the price of discount?
3. After validating the number of detectors that are should make on each order at regular price, what would be the adjusted amount?
Optimal number of detectors to be ordered on each order if purchased at the price of discount. The optimal number of detectors to be ordered on each order is 7 units.
Given, Annual demand of a metal detector for the airport = 1650 units.
Cost of a detector for Wang = $445.
Cost of storage is 20% of the unit cost.
Cost of placing each order = $25.
Cost of a detector for order of 300 or more = $371.
The supplier takes 6 days to deliver it.
Number of business days in a year = 250.1) Optimal number of detectors to be ordered on each order if bought at price regular.
Total units required per year = 1650 units
Cost of ordering 1 unit at a time = 1650 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/300 + $25 = $837.50
Cost of ordering 2 units at a time = 825 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/600 + $25 = $663.75
Cost of ordering 3 units at a time = 550 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/900 + $25 = $597.78
Cost of ordering 4 units at a time = 413 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/1200 + $25 = $560.04
Cost of ordering 5 units at a time = 330 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/1500 + $25 = $536.25
Cost of ordering 6 units at a time = 275 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/1800 + $25 = $520.83
Cost of ordering 7 units at a time = 236 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/2100 + $25 = $510.71
Cost of ordering 8 units at a time = 206 × ($445 + 0.2 × $445)/2400 + $25 = $503.13
Therefore, the optimal number of detectors to be ordered on each order if bought at the price regular is 7 units. The optimal number of units that should be ordered on each order when purchased at a discounted price is the same as when purchased at the regular price because the cost of ordering, storage, and number of days required for delivery do not change.
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The
September 30, 2018, adjusted trial balance of steamed sensation
Inc. is shown below
ns am Data table Steamed Sensation, Inc. Adjusted Trial Balance September 30, 2018 Account Cash Accounts receivable Prepaid rent Supplies Equipment Accumulated depreciation, equipment Accounts payable
1. The closing entries of September in Steamed Sensation, Inc. are:
1) Debit balance in service revenue $9,900; Credit balance in unearned service revenue $1,000 and
2) Debit balance in depreciation expense, equipment $1,800; Credit balance in accumulated depreciation, equipment $1,800.
2. The ending balance in Retained earnings. Retained earnings at the end of September = $7,400 - $300 + $9,900 - $1,800 - $300 = $14,000.
3. Prepare a post-closing trial balance. The post-closing trial balance of Steamed Sensation, Inc., as of September 30, 2018, is shown below: Account Cash Accounts receivable Prepaid rent Supplies Equipment Accumulated depreciation, equipment Accounts payable Common stock Retained earnings Total Debit 5,800 8,000 4,000 550 32,000 8,000 --- --- 14,000 Credit --- --- --- --- --- 8,000 4,800 8,000 81,000.
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Question 23 (1 point) Suppose the U.S. has a closed economy with GDP (Y) equal to $18.5 trillion, consumption (C) equal to $11.6 trillion, government spending (G) equal to $4.3 trillion, transfer payments (TR) equal to $1.5 trillion, and taxes (T) equal to $3.1 trillion. Suppose the government increases its spending on national defense such that government spending increases by $0.4 trillion. What must happen to investment spending (1)? That is, what is the dollar amount by which investment spending changes? Assume the values for GDP and consumption do not change. Provide your answer in trillions of dollars rounded to one decimal place. Use a negative sign "-" for negative changes. Do not include any symbols, such as "$," "96," 5," or " in your answer. Your Answer: Answer 2 Question 24 (1 point) Suppose the U.S. has a closed economy with GDP (Y) equal to $20.7 trillion, consumption (C) equal to $12.2 trillion, government spending (G) equal to $4.4 trillion, transfer payments (TR) equal to $1.9 trillion, and taxes (T) equal to $5.1 trillion. What is investment spending (1)? Provide your answer in trillions of dollars rounded to one decimal place. Use a negative sign"" for negative values. Do not include any symbols, such as "5," "," "%," or "," in your answer. Your Answer:
The investment spending decreases by $0.4 trillion (negative change) as a result of the increase in government spending on national defense.
To determine the change in investment spending resulting from the increase in government spending, we need to calculate the change in aggregate demand using the formula:
ΔY = ΔC + ΔI + ΔG + ΔNX
Where:
ΔY = Change in GDP
ΔC = Change in consumption
ΔI = Change in investment
ΔG = Change in government spending
ΔNX = Change in net exports (assuming a closed economy)
Given the information provided, we have:
ΔY = $18.5 trillion (no change in GDP)
ΔC = $0 trillion (no change in consumption)
ΔG = $0.4 trillion (increase in government spending)
ΔNX = 0 (assuming a closed economy, net exports are not considered)
Substituting the values into the equation, we have:
0 = 0 + ΔI + 0.4 + 0
Simplifying the equation, we find:
ΔI = -0.4 trillion
Therefore, investment spending decreases by $0.4 trillion (negative change) as a result of the increase in government spending on national defense.
The correct question is:
Suppose the U.S. has a closed economy with GDP (Y) equal to $18.5 trillion, consumption (C) equal to $11.6 trillion, government spending (G) equal to $4.3 trillion, transfer payments (TR) equal to $1.5 trillion, and taxes (T) equal to $3.1 trillion.
Suppose the government increases its spending on national defense such that government spending increases by $0.4 trillion. What must happen to investment spending (1)? That is, what is the dollar amount by which investment spending changes? Assume the values for GDP and consumption do not change. Provide your answer in trillions of dollars rounded to one decimal place. Use a negative sign "-" for negative changes. Do not include any symbols, such as "$,"",""%," or "," in your answer.
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Marketing activity undertaken by more than one entity, jointly to promote and sell a concept, product or service which benefits all stakeholders’ is called:
1. Predictive Marketing
2. Alliance or Coalition Marketing
3. Demographic Marketing
4. Socially Responsible Marketing
Marketing activity is undertaken by more than one entity, jointly to promote and sell a concept, product, or service which benefits all stakeholders’ is called alliance or coalition marketing, option 2 is correct.
Alliance or Coalition Marketing refers to a marketing activity undertaken by multiple entities working together to promote and sell a concept, product, or service that benefits all stakeholders involved.
It involves forming partnerships or alliances between different organizations to leverage their collective resources, expertise, and customer bases for mutual gain. These collaborations can range from co-branded campaigns and joint advertising to shared distribution channels and coordinated promotional efforts, option 2 is correct.
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Do
the research about the three cases of global port competition, and
makean analysis report with your own 500 words.
Global port competition is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that involves various factors such as infrastructure, location, efficiency, and economic policies. Analyzing three specific cases of global port competition provides insights into the strategies employed by different ports to gain a competitive edge.
The first case is the competition between the ports of Singapore and Hong Kong. Both ports have strategically positioned themselves as major transshipment hubs in the Asia-Pacific region. Singapore has invested heavily in infrastructure development, including deepening its harbor and expanding container handling capacity. It has also implemented efficient customs procedures and established free trade zones, attracting global shipping lines. On the other hand, Hong Kong has focused on leveraging its geographical advantage and developed a comprehensive logistics ecosystem. However, with the emergence of other competitive ports in the region, both Singapore and Hong Kong face challenges to maintain their dominance.
The second case involves the competition between the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp in Europe. Rotterdam has invested in advanced automation and digitalization, optimizing its operational efficiency. It has also expanded its hinterland connectivity and established strategic partnerships to attract more shipping lines. Antwerp, on the other hand, has positioned itself as a hub for petrochemicals and chemicals. It has developed specialized infrastructure and services to cater to the specific needs of these industries. Additionally, Antwerp has focused on sustainability and environmental initiatives, further enhancing its competitiveness.
The third case examines the competition between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in the United States. Both ports are major gateways for transpacific trade. Los Angeles has implemented advanced technologies and streamlined its operations to handle large volumes of container traffic. It has also prioritized sustainability and implemented clean air initiatives. Long Beach has focused on infrastructure development and improving intermodal connectivity. It has also adopted green initiatives and collaborated with stakeholders to reduce environmental impacts. Despite the fierce competition, the proximity and collaboration between the two ports have led to joint efforts to enhance overall efficiency and attract more business.
In conclusion, global port competition is driven by factors such as infrastructure, location, efficiency, and sustainability. Ports that invest in modern infrastructure, optimize operational efficiency, develop specialized services, prioritize sustainability, and foster collaboration with stakeholders are better positioned to gain a competitive advantage. However, the dynamics of global trade and evolving market conditions continue to shape the landscape of port competition, requiring ports to adapt and innovate to maintain their competitiveness.
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What if the Supreme Court did not have the power to review laws or executive decisions, to overturn those that are "unconstitutional"? How different might life be in the United States?
"Until 1803, it was not a foregone conclusion that the Supreme Court of the United States would have that power…A relatively minor lawsuit led to one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in American history, Marbury v. Madison, laying the foundation for the Court's ability to render its decisions about laws and actions. In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court claimed the power to review acts of Congress and the president and deem them unconstitutional, creating a precedent for an American process of judicial review." (From the National Endowment for the Humanities)
Research three U.S. Supreme Court cases where judicial review changed our lives. Pick three of the most important cases on judicial review in the United States. Discuss judicial review, its origins, and what it is used for. Analyze the facts, rule of law, and the effect the case has had upon our country. Explain how the Court used judicial review and how our lives would be different if the case had not happened. Minimum of 2000 words.
Judicial review is a power held by the U.S. Supreme Court to review laws and executive actions for constitutionality, ensuring they align with the principles of the Constitution.
Judicial review originated from the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, where the Court asserted its authority to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional. This power grants the Court the ability to interpret the Constitution and determine whether legislation or government actions adhere to its provisions.
Three significant Supreme Court cases demonstrating the impact of judicial review are:
1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954): This case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, leading to desegregation efforts and challenging the doctrine of "separate but equal."
2. Roe v. Wade (1973): In this case, the Court recognized a constitutional right to privacy, establishing a woman's right to access abortion with certain limitations, profoundly shaping reproductive rights.
3. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): The Court held that same-sex marriage bans were unconstitutional, affirming the right to marriage equality for LGBTQ+ individuals nationwide.
These cases illustrate how judicial review has shaped civil rights, individual liberties, and social progress in the United States. Without judicial review, the absence of these landmark decisions would have had far-reaching consequences, limiting the protection of rights and impeding societal advancement.
Judicial review, as established through Marbury v. Madison, is a critical power of the U.S. Supreme Court. It allows the Court to assess the constitutionality of laws and executive actions, safeguarding the principles enshrined in the Constitution. Landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education, Roe v. Wade, and Obergefell v. Hodges demonstrate the profound impact of judicial review on civil rights and social progress in the United States.
Without judicial review, our country would lack the means to ensure constitutional adherence, potentially leading to the erosion of individual liberties and impeding the pursuit of justice and equality.
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Digital marketing has changed the competitive landscape for start-ups and SMEs, letting them enjoy many advantages, including allowing smaller, early-stage businesses to find ways to enter new markets or penetrate the existing markets. Now, with insight and strategic understanding, companies can formulate innovative ways to make digital marketing work effectively for them. ((Critically appraise how can digital marketing be used to develop new markets and penetrate existing markets.))
Digital marketing can be used to develop new markets and penetrate existing markets in several ways. In this regard, companies must come up with innovative ways of making digital marketing work effectively for them.
The following are some of the ways digital marketing can be used to penetrate existing markets and develop new ones:-
1. Create engaging content: Digital marketing can be used to develop new markets by creating engaging content. This includes using different types of content, such as videos, blogs, and social media posts, to attract and retain customers. The content must be relevant, informative, and entertaining, and should be tailored to the needs and preferences of the target audience, and penetrate existing markets.
2. Use social media: Social media platforms are powerful tools that can be used to develop new markets and penetrate existing ones. Companies can use social media to interact with customers, respond to their queries and concerns, and promote their products or services. This helps to build brand awareness and establish a loyal customer base.
3. Optimize websites: Websites are essential for companies that want to penetrate existing markets and develop new ones. Companies can optimize their websites for search engines, use relevant keywords, and provide valuable content to attract more traffic and generate leads.
4. Use email marketing: Email marketing is a highly effective tool for penetrating existing markets and developing new ones. Companies can use email marketing to send targeted messages to customers, promote their products or services, and build relationships with them.
5. Offer incentives: Incentives such as discounts, freebies, and loyalty programs can be used to attract new customers and retain existing ones. Companies can use digital marketing to promote these incentives, encourage customers to take advantage of them and increase sales and revenue. In conclusion, digital marketing has revolutionized the way businesses operate, enabling them to develop new markets and penetrate existing ones. Companies must be innovative and strategic in their use of digital marketing to maximize its benefits and stay ahead of the competition.
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Which of the following about Littlefield Labs in Round #2 is CORRECT? Multiple Choice s. ROQ should be at least as high as ROP. b. ROP should be less than demand for 4 days. c. ROP should not be less than average inventory level. d. ROQ should be set at no less than 600.
In Round #2, the accurate statement concerning Littlefield Labs is that ROP should not be less than the average inventory level.
In Littlefield Labs, Round #2, the Reorder Point (ROP) and Reorder Quantity (ROQ) are important factors in managing inventory levels. The ROP represents the inventory level at which a new order should be placed, while the ROQ is the quantity to be ordered.
Out of the given options, the correct statement is that ROP should not be less than the average inventory level. This means that the ROP should be set at a level that ensures inventory is replenished before it reaches an unacceptable low level. By setting the ROP above the average inventory level, the system can account for variations in demand and lead time, ensuring that there is sufficient inventory to meet customer demand and avoid stockouts.
The other options presented in the question are incorrect. The ROQ does not necessarily need to be at least as high as the ROP (option a). The ROP does not need to be less than the demand for four days (option b) or set at no less than 600 (option d). These statements do not align with the principles of inventory management and may result in either excess inventory or stockouts.
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If a hedge fund has 1 million dollars in account. The current price of stock A is 100 dollars per share and the price of stock B is 80 dollars per share. Assume the two portfolios have no dividend payment. Now the fund decides to take the following strategy: buy stock A and short stock B. For two share of stock A bought, one share of stock B will be shorted. Assume that borrowing rate is 0, the initial margin requirement for both margin trading and short sale is 50%.
(a) If the fund want to buy 200 shares of stock A and she finances 50% of this investment using borrowing. Write out the balance sheet.
(b) If the fund want to buy 200 shares of stock A, how many shares of B will be shorted? Write out the balance sheet.
(c) With the capital of 1 million dollars, how many shares can the fund buy stock A at most following the strategy (buy 2 shares of A short 1 share of B)?
The maximum number of shares of stock A the fund can buy following the strategy (buy 2 shares of A, short 1 share of B) is $500,000 / $100 = 5,000 shares.
(a) The balance sheet after buying 200 shares of stock A and financing 50% of the investment using borrowing would look as follows: Assets:
Cash: $500,000 (from the fund's own capital)
Borrowings: $100,000 (50% of the investment financed through borrowing)
Stock A: 200 shares x $100/share = $20,000
Liabilities and Equity:
Equity: $500,000 (initial capital)
Total Assets: $520,000
Total Liabilities and Equity: $520,000
(b) If the fund wants to buy 200 shares of stock A, for every two shares of stock A bought, one share of stock B will be shorted. Therefore, the number of shares of stock B that will be shorted is half the number of shares of stock A, which is 200/2 = 100 shares.
The balance sheet after buying 200 shares of stock A and shorting 100 shares of stock B would look as follows: Assets:
Cash: $500,000 (from the fund's own capital)
Borrowings: $0 (no borrowing for this scenario)
Stock A: 200 shares x $100/share = $20,000
Stock B (shorted): 100 shares x $80/share = $8,000
Liabilities and Equity:
Equity: $500,000 (initial capital)
Total Assets: $528,000
Total Liabilities and Equity: $528,000
(c) With a capital of 1 million dollars, the fund can buy stock A at most with an amount equal to the available capital after setting aside the initial margin requirement. Since the initial margin requirement is 50%, the maximum amount that can be used to buy stock A is 50% of the available capital.
Maximum amount to buy stock A = 50% x $1,000,000 = $500,000
If each share of stock A costs $100, the maximum number of shares of stock A the fund can buy following the strategy (buy 2 shares of A, short 1 share of B) is $500,000 / $100 = 5,000 shares.
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I'm currently trying to find a part time job at Lidl as a customer service assistant. However I am uncertain what CV they will be looking for, as my CV is currently all about my academic achievements and earning a first class in Mechanical engineering etc etc , volunteer at charity and takeaway jobs at my families. Really want a part time but not sure if anything would really help from my CV to make myself stand out.
Please enlighten me of what to write or include or not include. I'll give you a like. Thank you
To make your CV stand out for a part-time customer service assistant position at Lidl, it's important to highlight relevant skills and experiences that demonstrate your customer service abilities, teamwork, and adaptability. While academic achievements are impressive, emphasizing practical skills and experiences will be beneficial.
In your CV, include any previous customer service experience, even if it's from non-professional settings such as volunteering or family takeaway jobs. Highlight specific tasks and responsibilities that showcase your ability to interact with customers, handle inquiries, and provide excellent service.
Focus on transferable skills such as effective communication, problem-solving, and multitasking. Provide examples of situations where you demonstrated these skills, such as resolving a customer complaint or working efficiently in a busy environment.
Additionally, mention any teamwork experiences, as customer service roles often require collaboration. Highlight instances where you worked effectively as part of a team or contributed to a positive work atmosphere.
Tailor your CV to emphasize skills and experiences relevant to the customer service industry, and ensure that your language and formatting are clear, concise, and professional. By showcasing your customer service skills and relevant experiences, you'll increase your chances of standing out to Lidl as a potential candidate for the customer service assistant role.
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. According to research from MSCI, companies in the bottom ESG quintile have been twice as likely to suffer a catastrophic loss (over 95% cumulative loss) within three years. However, ESG metrics also have some weaknesses to overcome. In your opinion, what are those and how can they be improved in the future?
ESG factors are an important factor for the identification of environmental, social, and governance factors that impact businesses. However, ESG metrics also have some weaknesses to overcome. One of the weaknesses of ESG metrics is the lack of standardization, making it difficult to compare ESG scores across companies.
Another weakness is the lack of transparency and clarity in ESG reporting, which makes it difficult for investors to fully assess a company's ESG performance. The third weakness of ESG metrics is that they can be manipulated by companies to make themselves look better than they are. Companies can choose to report on only positive ESG performance indicators, rather than providing a comprehensive view of their ESG performance. Finally, there is a lack of materiality in ESG metrics.
ESG metrics may not be relevant to all companies, and certain ESG issues may be more important for certain industries or businesses. Improvements can be made in the future through increased standardization of ESG metrics so that ESG scores can be compared across companies. This can be achieved by developing a clear set of standards and guidelines for ESG reporting.
Improving the transparency and clarity of ESG reporting is also important. Companies should be required to provide a comprehensive view of their ESG performance, including negative performance indicators. Regulatory oversight is necessary to ensure that ESG metrics are not manipulated by companies. Finally, there needs to be a greater emphasis on materiality in ESG metrics. ESG metrics should be relevant to the industry and business of the company being evaluated.
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The Chen Corporation manufactures and sells two products: Thingone and Thingtwo. In July 2016, Chen's budget department gathered the following data to prepare budgets for 2017: (Click the icon to view the budget data.) (Click the icon to view the actual and projected direct materials data.) (click the icon to view the projected direct manufacturing labor data.) Manufacturing overhead is allocated at the rate of $24 per direct manufacturing labor-hour. Read the resuirements Requirement 1. Prepare the revenues budget (in dollars). i Actual and Projected Direct Materials Data x Revenues Budget For the Year Ending December 31, 2017 Units Price Total Budget Data Projected Direct Manufacturing Labor Data 2017 Projected Sales Product Units Price Thingone 69.000 $ 160 Thingtwo 44,000 $ 258 2017 Inventories in Units Expected Target Product January 1, 2017 December 31, 2017 Thingone 24,000 29,000 Thingtwo 7,000 8,000 The following direct materials are used in the two products: Amount Used per Unit Direct Material Unit Thingone Thingtwo A pound 6 7 B pound 4 5 с each 0 3 Projected data for 2017 for direct materials are: Anticipated Expected Target Direct Purchase Inventories Inventories Material Price January 1, 2017 December 31, 2017 A $ 13 36,000 lb. 38,000 lb B 8 31,000 lb. 34.000 lb. С 7 9,000 units 12.000 units Projected direct manufacturing labor requirements and rates for 2017 are: Hours per Unit Rate per Hour Product Thingone Thingtwo 4 $ 13 5 $ 18 Print Done Print Done Print Done i X Х Requirements Based on the preceding projections and budget requirements for Thingone and Thingtwo, prepare the following budgets for 2017: 1. Revenues budget (in dollars) 2. What questions might the CEO ask the marketing manager when reviewing the revenues budget? Explain briefly. 3. Production budget (in units) 4. Direct material purchases budget (in quantities) 5. Direct material purchases budget (in doll 6. Direct manufacturing labor budget (in dollars) 7. Budgeted finished-goods inventory at December 31, 2017 (in dollars) 8. What questions might the CEO ask the production manager when reviewing the production, direct materials, and direct manufacturing labor budgets? 9. How does preparing a budget help Chen Corporation's top management better manage the company? Print Done
Revenues budget (in dollars):
To calculate the revenues budget, we need to multiply the projected units by their respective prices for each product:
Revenues for Thingone = 69,000 units * $160 per unit
Revenues for Thingtwo = 44,000 units * $258 per unit
Questions for the CEO to ask the marketing manager when reviewing the revenues budget:
What is the basis for the sales projections? Are they realistic and achievable?
How do the projected prices compare to the market competition?
Are there any marketing strategies or initiatives planned to increase sales?
Production budget (in units):
The production budget is based on the expected sales and desired ending inventory levels. We need to calculate the required production units for each product:
Production units for Thingone = Expected Sales + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory
Production units for Thingtwo = Expected Sales + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory
Direct material purchases budget (in quantities):
To calculate the direct material purchases budget, we need to consider the anticipated usage and desired ending inventory:
Direct material purchases for Material A = (Anticipated Usage per Unit * Production Units) + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory
Direct material purchases for Material B = (Anticipated Usage per Unit * Production Units) + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory
Direct material purchases for Material C = (Anticipated Usage per Unit * Production Units) + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory
Direct material purchases budget (in dollars):
To calculate the direct material purchases budget in dollars, we multiply the quantities by their respective prices:
Direct material purchases budget for Material A = Direct material purchases (quantities) * Price per unit for Material A
Direct material purchases budget for Material B = Direct material purchases (quantities) * Price per unit for Material B
Direct material purchases budget for Material C = Direct material purchases (quantities) * Price per unit for Material C
Direct manufacturing labor budget (in dollars):
To calculate the direct manufacturing labor budget, we multiply the projected direct labor hours by the rate per hour:
Direct manufacturing labor budget for Thingone = Direct labor hours per unit for Thingone * Production units for Thingone * Rate per hour
Direct manufacturing labor budget for Thingtwo = Direct labor hours per unit for Thingtwo * Production units for Thingtwo * Rate per hour
Budgeted finished-goods inventory at December 31, 2017 (in dollars):
To calculate the budgeted finished-goods inventory, we multiply the desired ending inventory units by their respective prices for each product:
Budgeted finished-goods inventory for Thingone = Desired Ending Inventory for Thingone * Price per unit for Thingone
Budgeted finished-goods inventory for Thingtwo = Desired Ending Inventory for Thingtwo * Price per unit for Thingtwo
Questions for the CEO to ask the production manager when reviewing the production, direct materials, and direct manufacturing labor budgets:
How do the production numbers align with the sales projections?
Are the desired ending inventory levels reasonable and achievable?
Are there any challenges or bottlenecks in the production process that could impact meeting the budgeted numbers?
Preparing a budget helps Chen Corporation's top management better manage the company by:
Providing a roadmap for financial planning and decision-making.
Setting clear goals and targets for different departments and individuals.
Identifying potential areas of improvement or cost savings.
Enabling performance evaluation and comparison against actual results.
Facilitating communication and coordination between different functions within the organization.
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