Answer:
b. developing a hypothesis
The first step of the scientific method usually involves making observations. Therefore option D is correct.
Observations are systematic and objective observations of the natural world. Scientists use their senses or specialized tools to collect data and gather information about a particular phenomenon or problem.
These observations serve as the foundation for scientific inquiry and help researchers identify patterns, trends, or potential relationships between variables.
From these initial observations, scientists can then move on to formulating a hypothesis (b), which is a testable explanation or prediction based on existing knowledge and observations.
The scientific method guides researchers in a structured approach to understanding the natural world and conducting experiments to test their ideas.
Therefore option D is correct.
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You will write an argumentative essay to the “Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation” to convince them to support the use of genetically modified organisms in agricultural development and support your team in developing the transgenic strain, knowing that this organization can provide the needed funding for your project.
The word count of your essay should be between 300 and 750.
Your essay should include at least 10 keywords from table 2.
Your essay will discuss how the new strain of the genetically modified plant will contribute to eradicating disease by using appropriate scientific methods that take into consideration any possible adverse health effects and environmental concerns (such as new potential allergies, herbicide resistant weeds, and biodiversity issues for replacing other strains). It will also discuss why community acceptance of the new strain is important as a sustainable long-term solution as opposed to supplements or other food additives.
The purpose of your essay is to establish a stance on the urgency of the new strain issue by providing reasons and supporting evidence. When you’re writing a persuasive essay, you need more than just an opinion to make your voice heard. Even the strongest stance won’t be compelling if it’s not structured properly and reinforced with solid reasoning and evidence. Your essay needs to be well written and should include the following 4 elements:
1. Introductory paragraph:
The first paragraph of your essay should outline the topic, provide background information necessary to understand your argument, outline the evidence you will present and states your thesis.
2. The thesis statement:
This part of your essay is a concise, one-sentence summary of your main point and claim.
3. Body paragraph:
You will explain the reasons why you support your thesis. You can discuss more than one idea or piece of evidence that clearly and concisely explain why the reader should agree with your position.
This is where you will back up your claims with examples, research, statistics, studies, and scientific evidence based on your knowledge in genetics and your answers in the graphic organizer.
Address opposing points of view and disprove them or explain why you disagree with them. Presenting facts and considering the topic from every angle adds credibility and will help you gain the reader’s trust.
4. Conclusion:
One paragraph that restates your thesis and summarizes all of the arguments made in your body paragraphs. Rather than introducing new facts or more arguments, a good conclusion will appeal to a reader’s emotions. In some cases, writers will use a personal anecdote explaining how the topic personally affects them.
Genetically modified organisms can help to alleviate hunger around the world by increasing crop yields.
What are Genetically modified organisms?Genetically modified organisms are organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered in the laboratory by using genetic engineering.
Genetically modified crops can be resistant to different types of biotic and abiotic stressful conditions and thus increase crop yield.
Supporting evidence regarding the use of GMOs is based on empirical statistics about how these food helped to alleviate global hunger, especially in developing countries.
An essay about GMOs should ideally include information on genetic engineering techniques used in transgenesis.
Transgenesis refers to the genetic engineering techniques aimed at developing organisms carrying genes of others species. These techniques include, among others, the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, DNA recombinant strategies and vector expression constructs (e.g., viral recombinant vectors).
A thesis statement is a well-sustained question that can be tested (either confirmed or rejected) by information obtained using the scientific method.
GMOs have been shown to the safe since empirical scientific evidence revealed that genetically modified crops such as Bt maize do not cause allergies or diseases in human beings.
Moreover, GMOs can help to alleviate hunger around the world by increasing crop yields.
In conclusion, it is possible to state that GMOs might be beneficial when they are approved and released by proper governmental agencies such as the US Federal agency of Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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Which statement is true?
The primary function of a the ribosome is protein synthesis
The primary function of a the ribosome is protein synthesis
The primary function of the vacuole is cell division
The primary function of the vacuole is cell division
The primary function of the nucleus is to store nutrients
The primary function of the nucleus is to store nutrients
The primary function of the mitochondrion is movement.
The primary function of the mitochondrion is movement.
Answer:
The primary function of a ribosome is protein synthesis.
PLEASE HELP
How is nitrogen gas fixed biologically?
A) combustion of fossil fuels
B) respiration of living organisms
C) bacteria in plant roots and soil
D) decomposition of organic matter
What results from the process of desalination?
Ore is extracted from the ground.
The supply of fresh water is increased.
Wastewater is handled and safely disposed of.
Steam is collected from within Earth’s crust.
The supply of fresh water is increased. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is desalination?Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater in order to make it suitable for drinking or irrigation. There are several different methods of desalination, including reverse osmosis, thermal distillation, and electrodialysis. These processes are used to produce fresh water from seawater in areas where there is a shortage of fresh water resources.
Desalination can be an effective way to increase the supply of fresh water in areas that are prone to drought or have limited access to other sources of water, but it can be expensive and energy-intensive.
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How many electrons does carbon
have in its outermost shell?
Answer:
Four
Explanation:
It should have Four if I'm correct.
Answer:
4
Explanation:
it has 4 electrons in its outershell.
write the importance of each for your body.
A. vitamin C B. Iron
Answer:
A.it helps to heal wounds and fights against diseases
B. it carries oxygen in blood and forms part of the hemoglobin
Explanation:
A. when you eat fruits like oranges,lime, pineapple pawpaw etc.and tomatoes,green vegetables,etc .
they give you healthy teeth and gums
B when u eat liver,egg yolk meat etc.
they prevents anaemia,loss of appetite
In this assessment, you will gather evidence from a current event to support the following claim: The environment and human health are interrelated.
Instructions:
Find Evidence:
Find a current event article, news story, or scientific study that presents at least three pieces of evidence that things in the environment can impact human health.
Your current event can be a written article, video, or podcast. Here are some locations where podcasts can be found.
NOAA Ocean Podcast
NPR Podcast Directory
PBS News Hour Podcast
Unfold Podcast
Evidence within your current event can be in the form of scientific observations or collected data. Here are some examples of the types of evidence you can look for in your article, video, or podcast:
Noise pollution
Housing and health
Indoor air pollutants
Public health and safety
Access to public services
Food or water contamination
Environmental radiation exposure
Provide Reasoning:
Explain how each piece of evidence from your source supports the claim.
Use vocabulary terms and descriptions of processes in your reasoning.
Download and complete the 05.04 Environment and Human Health Current Event Worksheet.
View the generic student sample below to see how to structure your claim-evidence-reasoning. *Note: The topic of this sample does not match this assessment topic and is intended as an example only.
Student Sample
The whole research cannot be provided but for instance a example for the statement " The environment and human health are interrelated". the environmental factors lead to lung and respiratory diseases in humans.
One of the most significant organs that are exposed to environmental toxins is the lung. The negative impacts of environmental agents will depend on how susceptible a person is to their influence.In particular to ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide as sources of air pollution (SO2) are some of the main toxins that cause lung problems. The ciliary cells are first altered by O3 intake. O3 is a very potent oxidant because it makes epithelial cells more permeable and reduces mucociliary clearance. Epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages are hampered in their ability to operate by NO2, a less strong and less reactive oxidant pollutant.In conclusion, air pollution interferes with both general and specialized lung defenses, making it easier for pulmonary disorders like asthma, allergies, and asthmatic acute episodes to develop.
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what is the binomial system of nomenclature
Answer:
definition of binomial nomenclaturea system of nomenclature in which each species of animal or plant receive a name of two terms of which the first identifies the genus to which it belongs in the second of the species itselfBinomial nomenclature is the formal naming system for living things that all scientists use. It gives every species a two-part scientific name. For example, a ladybug found in the United States goes by the fancy name of Harmonia axyridis.
A muscle cell with high concentration of carbon dioxide and a low concentration of oxygen is surrounded by blood with a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide. No ATP was used by the cell for cell transport of the carbon dioxide or oxygen molecules which of the following events will most likely happen?
Option C is correct.
What do you mean by muscle cell?The cells that make up muscular tissue are referred to as myocytes or muscle cells.
No oxygen is used during anaerobic respiration, hence less energy is released. During intense exercise, the glucose molecule splits into two molecules of lactic acid, which accumulate in the muscles. When the bloodstream cannot provide oxygen quickly enough for aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration takes place.
The option missing is the query is given below:
A. Carbon dioxide will move into the cell by diffusion.
B. Carbon dioxide and oxygen will move out of the cell by osmosis.
C. Oxygen will move into the cell by diffusion.
D. Oxygen and carbon dioxide will move into the cell by osmosis.
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A researcher wants to compare math performance scores of high school juniors who are located in various urban areas.
The researcher will most likely conduct the research by using which descriptive research method?
The researcher will most likely conduct the research by using a case study descriptive research method. The correct option is D.
What is case study descriptive research method?A case study can be used to describe the features of a particular subject. Case studies collect detailed data to identify the characteristics of a narrowly defined subject rather than a large volume of data to identify patterns across time or location.
The missing options are:
A. Naturalistic observation B. Longitudinal study C. Cross-sectional study D. Case studyThe researcher will most likely conduct the research by using a case study descriptive research method.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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How is mitosis different in plants and animals?
Answer:
The most important difference between plant and animal mitosis is the cytokinesis. In plants, a cell plate is formed, whereas in animals a cleavage is formed.
For the roller ball, create a subset of messaging/marketing that speaks to this product specifically.
The marketing of roller ball can be given with the questions such as Don't just mask the pain, fix the problem.
What is marketing?Marketing can be given as the process of creating demand by meeting goods and services in the market. The marketing can be followed with varying messaging that targets a problem.
The complete question is given in the image attached below.
Some of the marketing messages that speak for the roller ball in the market are:
Don't just mask the pain, fix the problem. Tired of taking pills that only cover up the pain? Try a topical pain reliever for something different. Did pain get you down? Try a new pain toolkit.For more information regarding marketing, visit:
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Kingdom Protista or Protoctista
Helpp :(
[tex]{\huge \underline{{ \fbox \color{red}{A}}{\fbox \color{green}{n}}{\fbox \color{purple}{s}}{\fbox \color{brown}{w}}{\fbox \color{yellow}{e}}{\fbox \color{gray}{r } }}}[/tex]
It is made up of unicellular or multicellular beings, with aerobic or anaerobic respiration, autotrophs or heterotrophs, sexual or asexual reproduction.
I hope I've helped : )
Answer:
Kingdom protoctistacauseitcategorises all the bacteria
What would increase enzymatic activity in a bacterial cell that would normally thrive in human body
1. Which human traits form a wide range of states instead of two distinct states?
A) cleft chin
B) eye color
C) widow's peak
D) fully attached earlobes
2. Don's earlobes are fully attached, Both of his parents have free earlobes (not fully attached). One of Don's grandparents has fully attached earlobes, like he does.
What can be said about fully attached earlobes?
A) Fully attached earlobes are dominant. Both of Don's parents do not have them
B) Fully attached earlobes are recessive. Both of Don's parents have them.
C) Fully attached earlobes are dominant. They skip a generation in inheritance.
D) Fully attached earlobes are recessive. They skip a generation in inheritance.
3. A scientist is doing experiments using some ancient seeds discovered in an ancient temple.
Which option is a prediction that relates the outcome of the scientist's experiments with probability?
A) The scientist thinks that the seeds were in the temple as part of a ritual.
B) The scientist thinks that more seeds can be recovered from other similar locations on Earth.
C) The scientist thinks that seeds that are old have 0% chance of sprouting; so, if they do, they must be modern.
D) The scientist thinks that if conditions are good, about 10% of the seeds will sprout and grow into plants
4. Which option describes how genes control the traits of a cell?
A) Genes code for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
B) Genes become building blocks for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules farm the traits of the cell.
C) Genes determine how much energy goes to each organelle in the cell. The organelles form the traits of the cell.
D) Genes are molecules that organelles are made out of. Once assembled into organelles, they form the traits of the cell.
Explanation:
hope it helps
thank you!!!
The human eye color is a trait which forms a wide range of states instead of two distinct states. Fully attached earlobes is a recessive trait which is seen in a very rare cases. Thus, the correct options are 1 (B), 2 (D), 3 (D), and 4 (A).
What are traits?Traits are the characters which are controlled by the genes. Genes are present on the DNA molecule which encodes for different proteins which are responsible for the traits or phenotypic characters of an organism.
Quantitative traits are the traits for which the phenotypic variation is continuously distributed in the populations, with the variation in population often approximating the normal distribution on an appropriate scale. The human eye color is an example of quantitative trait which is controlled by different genes.
Recessive traits are the traits which are seen very rarely as these are only shown when present in homozygous condition. These traits are seen to skip generations as seen in the case of fully attached earlobes.
When a scientist is doing experiments using the ancient seeds which he discovered in an ancient temple, the scientist thinks that if the optimum conditions are provided to the seeds then about 10% of the seeds will sprout and therefore grow into plants.
Genes are the parts of the DNA which are responsible for encoding proteins. These proteins controls the phenotypic characters of an individual.
Therefore, the correct options are 1 (B), 2 (D), 3 (D), and 4 (A).
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B. Prepare a FLOWCHART for the isolation of the following: (conventional methods only: culture, through a by product and/or immune response) Include the specimen of choice for the indication (given disease).
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae
2. antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin)
3. dermatophyte infection in the nails
4. Dengue fever by immune response
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae is isolated using MacConkey Lactose agar and Xylose Lysine agar
2. Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin) is isolated using Clostridium difficile selective medium
3. Dermatophyte infection in the nails is isolated using potatoes dextrose agar
4. Dengue fever by immune response is isolated using minimal essential medium (MEM)
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae
Collection of fecal specimens and poultry (100) fecal samples collected from were processed according to published protocols. Streak one loopful of fecal sample on MacConkey Lactose Agar (MLA) and Xylose Lysine agarIncubated at 37 C for 24 hours The MLA plates showing the presence of convex and colorless colonies are considered for further identification. Similarly, the XLD plates showing appearance of presence of translucent or red colored colonies are taken for further identification.2. Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin)
Mix equal parts of industrial absolute alcohol and the fecal specimen. Homogenize using a vortex mixer. Leave at room temperature for 1 hr. Inoculate on Clostridium difficile Selective AgarIncubate at 37ºC in a conventional anaerobic gas jarObserve after 24-48 hours in anaerobic environment . Use gram stain reagent and Malachite green for morphological study. Observe positive bacillus cell shape with single or chains(2-6)cell and sub terminal endo spore forming after gram staining3. Dermatophyte infection in the nails
Prepare potatoes dextrose agar (PDA)Collect clippings from the nail with a sterile scalpel after carefully washing the site with 70% alcohol. Dissolved in two drops of 10% KOH on a glass slide, if the sample is thick, use 20% KOH Heat the slide few seconds over a spirit lamp, do not allow to boil.Observe preparation under a low power of the microscope in reduced light. Look out for presence of mycelia fragments and the distribution of spores inside.4. Dengue fever by immune response
Dilute blood samples in minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) Add diluent to a cultured monolayer of C6/36 cells for 1 hour with gentle rocking in a 28 °C CO2 incubator.After 1 hour, remove the inoculum and cells Culture for 7 days in MEM with 2% FBS and antibiotics. Collect culture supernatant on day 7 and infect a new batch of C6/36 cellsRepeat the procedure three times to achieve passage 3 (P3) isolates.Learn more about culturing of microorganisms here:
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Moving molecules from low to high
concentration requires energy.
This is the opposite of diffusion.
What is this process called?
Answer:
Active transport
Explanation:
Diffusion is when particles (like perfume) spread out everywhere from an area where there is a lot of it to where there is a little to none of it. Active transport is the opposite. A cell for example would use it's own energy to absorb nutrients when it already has quite a lot. Naturally diffusion would make the particles or nutrients go out of the cell because there is a lot of it inside the cell not outside, so active transport is used to absorb as much as the cell can from around it, even when it is full.
1. Why is polyester considered to be a good material for making the sails of ships?
2. Name the component fibres of polycot, Terry wool and cots wool?
3. Why polythene bags should not be thrown along with garbage?
4. What are synthetic fibres? How are they made?
5. Differentiate between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics and give one example of each?
6. List and explain four properties of plastics? Give one use of plastics linked to each of these properties?
7. List three steps you can take to reduce the danger that plastic pose to the environment?
8. Describe any three major uses of nylon?
9. State advantages and disadvantages of synthetic fibres 1
10. Explain polymerization?
Answer:
Polyester has for decades been the most commonly used sail fiber because it is strong, durable and relatively inexpensive.components of polycot are polyester and cotton are blended and terrywool are terryelne and wool . Cotwool are cotton and wool.Polythene bags should not be thrown along with garbage as they are non biodegradable and can mix with the soil but cannot decompose....these when eaten by animals like cows can choke them leading to death.... Also as they do not decompose they can mix with the soil leading to soil pollution.Synthetic fibers are made from small molecules synthesized polymers. The substances used to produce such fibres are extracted from raw materials such as chemicals based on petroleum or petrochemicals. Such materials are polymerized into a chemical that ties together two adjacent atoms of carbon.which graph represents a species that has a smaller gestation and maturation period, smaller number of offspring, and little or no paternal care?
The graph containing r selected species such as rodents and insects will represent a species that has a smaller gestation.
What is R selected species?These type of organisms have a high reproductive rate because of the smaller gestation and maturation period.
They also have smaller number of offspring with little or no paternal care as they are able to take care of themselves.
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1. Define communicable diseases. Give three examples.
2. Give two examples of each of the following types of microorganisms: a) Algae b) Fungi c) Protozoa.
3. What is pasteurization?
4. Mention any three ways through which pathogens are transmitted.
5. It is always suggested that not to eat anything from street hawkers. Why?
6. Ria thought of making curd. For this, she took lukewarm milk, mixed some curd into it and stir well. She kept the mixture in fridge. Next day she observed that curd was not set. Can you tell why the curd did not set?
7. Seema got cough and cold badly. Her teacher asked her to take rest at home and use handkerchief while sneezing and coughing. She obeyed her teacher.
a) Why should we keep a handkerchief on nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing?
b) What are the modes of transfer of diseases from infected to healthy person?
c) Do you think Seema’s teacher’s decision was right? Why?
d) What value of Seema is shown here?
8. Classify bacteria on the basis of their shapes.
9. Why are viruses considered to be the borderline between living and the non- living?
Answer:
1-Those diseases which can be transferred from one person to another person are called communicable diseases . Examples-Common cold ,HIV,chicken pox
2-Algae- spirogyra,volvox
fungi-yeast,mushroom
protozoa-plasmodium,amoeba
3-pasteurization, heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in certain foods and beverages.
Macrolides generally have bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity?
1.true
2.false
Macrolides generally have bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity?
A. TrueB. False
#carry on learning
2 a Which part of the human brain is responsible for controlling each of the following actions?
i keeping your balance when you walk
ii maintaining your breathing when you are asleep
iii making your leg muscles contract when you kick a ball
Answer:
The Cerebellum
Explanation:
The Cerebellum, or "little brain" controls all aspects of balance, speech, movement, coordination, and motor skills.
Diego is conducting an experiment to investigate how temperature affects chemical change. He has three pieces of cheese that he just bought from the store. He left one piece of cheese outside, one on the kitchen counter, and one in the refrigerator. His prediction is that the piece in the refrigerator will not mold, the one on the counter will mold a little, and the one outside will mold a lot. Select the conclusion The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the most amount of chemical change. The piece of cheese on the counter had the most amount of chemical change. The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the least amount of chemical change. The piece of cheese outside had the least amount of chemical change.
The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the least amount of chemical change.
Moulding occurs on substances which are warm and moistMold thrives in warm and humid placesIn refrigerators, the environment is cool and dryThis environment hinders the growth of moldThe bacteria and fungi require optimum temperatures to flourish, which is not present in a refrigeratorThe cheese placed outside and on the counter will grow mold as those environments do not arrest the growth of moldRefrigeration ensures that food is not spoiltTherefore, the least amount of chemical change takes place on the cheese placed in the refrigerator.
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what are the water soluble and fat soluble vitamins?
what is african based teaching
Answer:
An African philosophy of education is a scientific enterprise which has three constitutive aspects: firstly, to be reasonable in one's articulations; secondly, to demonstrate moral maturity; and thirdly, to be attuned to deliberation.
Why is it important to recycle metals?
to maintain sustainability
to create more tailings
to make sure ore remains renewable
to make it easier to extract ore from the ground
A 75-year-old male with long-standing hypertension and angina due to coronary heart disease presents with ankle edema, nocturia, increased shortness of breath with activity, and a chronic nonproductive cough. He has a past history of smoking two packs per day and is an ex-alcoholic. His blood pressure is 170/80 and his heart rate is 100. Electrocardiography and chest radiography indicate the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.
A. Relate the presence of uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease to the development of heart failure in this man.
B. Explain the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in terms of both a compensatory mechanism and as a pathologic mechanism in the progression of heart failure.
C. Explain the management and treatment for this diagnosis.
Left ventricular hypertrophy increases the chance of sudden death. Studies have shown that the problem increases the risk of developing some diseases, such as heart failure, stroke, coronary heart disease and even sudden death.
A. How does hypertension cause heart failure?In summary, heart failure can occur in the natural history of patients with hypertension, as a result of the action of a wide set of adaptive mechanisms triggered by the persistent increase in ventricular afterload, resulting in diastolic or systolic dysfunction.
B. What is the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in terms of a compensatory mechanism and a pathological mechanism in the progression of heart failure?The term cardiac hypertrophy refers to increased myocardial mass. It is an adaptive response to a physiological or pathological overload. This adaptation occurs as a response of the heart to an overload of work and can be classified as concentric or eccentric.
C. Explain the management and treatment for this diagnosis.Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication or surgery. Left ventricular hypertrophy caused by aortic valve stenosis may require surgery to repair the narrowed valve or to replace it with an artificial valve.
With this information, we can conclude that left ventricular hypertrophy increases the chance of sudden death. Studies have shown that the problem increases the risk of developing some diseases, such as heart failure, stroke, coronary heart disease and even sudden death.
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During which stage of interphase do cells copy their chromosomes?
Answer:
The S phase (Synthesis phase)
DNA replication takes place during the S-phase of interphase, creating two identical sets of DNA. The DNA coils and condenses into units known as chromosomes during the start of mitosis. The two identical sister chromatids that make up each chromosome are joined by a centromere.How does DNA replication work?The biological process of creating two identical copies of DNA from a single original DNA molecule is known as DNA replication.
A double helix of two complementary strands makes up DNA. These strands are split apart in the replication process. The method of semi-conservative replication uses each strand of the original DNA molecule as a template to create its counterpart.
Several enzymes that carry out this process are given below, along with their activities.
____________
DNA Dependent DNA POLYMERASE is a class of enzymes that is responsible for all organisms' DNA replication processes. It accelerates DNA replication in the 5′ to 3′ range.The enzyme known as TOPOISOMERASE is involved in the over- or under-winding of DNA.HELICASE—Using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, which is characterized by the breakdown of hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases, helicases are frequently employed to separate the strands of a DNA double helix or a self-annealed RNA molecule.DNA GYRASE, a particular kind of topoisomerase, relieves strain caused by DNA helicase's unwinding action.DNA LIGASE- Joins the OKAZAKI FRAGMENT of the lagging strand and re-anneals the semi-conservative strands.PRIMASE - Primase catalyzes the production of a short primer, which is a ssDNA template-specific piece of RNA (or DNA in other species).REPLICATION FORK -(Attachment #1)
_________________
REPLICATION PROCESS -
INITIATION - The beginning of DNA replication takes place at certain locations in the DNA molecule known as ori-sites or regions. Enzymes often recognize these locations and initiate the process. As opposed to C-G base pairs, which produce three hydrogen bonds, A-T base pairs only form two hydrogen bonds, making them easier to strand split. As a result, these sites are typically "AT-rich" (rich in adenine and thymine bases). Following the discovery of the origin, enzymes create a pre-replication complex that unzips the double-stranded DNA. The enzyme topoisomerase is involved in this process.Elongation - The 5'-3' activity of the DNA polymerase enzyme. Now, a new strand was created by DNA polymerase enzymes in the direction of 5′ to 3′ (note: the DNA template is read in 3' to 5' direction). RNA primers were simultaneously created by the primase enzyme and utilized by the polymerase to create new strands of RNA.As DNA polymerase enzyme has 5′ - 3′ direction so two types of strand are form -
LEADING STRAND - A DNA polymerase with high processivity that has the direction 5′ - 3′ (template strand 3′-5′) extends the continuous strand from the primer in the same direction as the replication fork that is expanding. One RNA primer is applied to the leading strand.
LAGGING STRAND - It is the discontinuous strand whose synthesis is going in the opposite direction of the replication fork that is developing. Each primer extends the lagging strand intermittently to create Okazaki fragments. A low processivity DNA polymerase that is different from the replicative polymerase enters to fill the gaps after RNase eliminates the priming RNA pieces. Multiple primers are applied to the lagging strand, and then the Okazaki fragments are joined by the ligase enzyme, filling in the gaps.
TERMINATION - Replication forks meet and end at several locations throughout the chromosome because eukaryotes start DNA replication at various locations; it is unknown how these are controlled. Termination necessitates the halting or blocking of the DNA replication fork's forward motion. When termination occurs at a particular locus, it includes the interaction of two elements: (1) a DNA sequence known as a termination site sequence, and (2) a protein that binds to this region to actually cease DNA replication.
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which feature is characteristic of rivers?
How does plant with particulate matter affect the economy
Answer:
By the roots under the so I creating a stabilized climb
