Share-index futures can be used to hedge against Market risk. The correct option is b. Market risk
Share-index futures are considered as a financial derivative that works to mitigate risks that are linked to the volatility of the stock market. These futures allow traders to get exposure to a stock index or specific sector without buying individual stocks, making them an ideal hedging tool for portfolio managers, investors, and traders.
Market risk, sometimes called systematic risk, refers to the possibility of loss associated with investments in the financial markets due to factors that affect the entire market. When investing in the stock market, a range of variables, such as inflation, interest rates, global economic developments, and political changes, can have an impact on the price of stocks, which can influence the value of an investment portfolio.
For example, an economic recession in the country could lead to a decline in stock prices, resulting in significant losses for investors. Futures are utilized to hedge against market risk by enabling traders to lock in a predetermined value for the asset they are trying to safeguard, and these contracts may be bought and sold anytime before their expiration.
In conclusion, Share-index futures can be used to hedge against market risk. The correct option is b. Market risk
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BHP Group Ltd.- 2019 and 2020 Partial Balance Sheet
Assets
Liabilities & Owner’s Equity
2019
2020
2019
2020
Current assets
$2712
$7260
Current liabilities
$1483
$3153
Net Fixed assets
$7801
$11052
Long-term debt
$3218
$1335
Total Equity
(Total assets – total debt)
(Total assets – total debt)
BHP Group Ltd.- 2020 Income Statement
Sales
$10488
Cost of goods sold
$5651
Depreciation
$2156
Interest paid
$1291
Taxes
$1449
Calculate Operating cash flow (OCF) for BHP Group Ltd. Enter the whole number (e.g., 12345) without sign or symbol.
The operating cash flow (OCF) for BHP Group Ltd. is $1,941.
To calculate the operating cash flow (OCF) for BHP Group Ltd., we need to use the information provided in the income statement.
OCF = Sales - Cost of goods sold - Depreciation - Interest paid - Taxes
Using the given values:
OCF = $10,488 - $5,651 - $2,156 - $1,291 - $1,449
= $1,941
The operating cash flow (OCF) is a measure of the cash generated by a company's core operations. It represents the cash flow before considering financing and investing activities.
To calculate the OCF for BHP Group Ltd., we subtract various components from the company's sales (revenue). These components include the cost of goods sold, which represents the direct expenses associated with producing the goods or services sold. Depreciation is a non-cash expense that reflects the decrease in value of the company's fixed assets over time. Interest paid refers to the interest expenses on the company's debt, and taxes represent the income taxes paid by the company.
By subtracting these components from the sales, we arrive at the operating cash flow. In this case, the OCF for BHP Group Ltd. is calculated as $1,941. This indicates that the company generated $1,941 in cash from its core operations during the given period.
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42. Assume that S/A=2.5, D/A = .15, N/E= 55 and A=D + E. Solve for N/S (Record your answer to a percent: rounded to 1 decimal place). 43. Given the following equations:
A financial indicator called the net income to sales ratio, or net profit margin, gauges a company's profitability by expressing net income as a proportion of total sales revenue.
, gauges a company's profitability by expressing net income as a proportion of total sales revenue.
Here are the formulas required to solve for N/S given S/A=2.5, D/A = .15, N/E= 55 and A=D + E.
It is essential to note that N/S is not part of any of the given equations:
S/A = 2.5 ... (1)D/A = 0.15 ... (2)N/E = 55 ... (3)A = D + E ... (4). In this case, we shall obtain D and E in terms of A using equations (2) and (4): D/A = 0.15 implies D = 0.15A ... (5)A = D + E implies E = A - D ... (6)
We can now substitute equations (5) and (6) into equation (4): A = 0.15A + (A - 0.15A) = 0.15A + 0.85A = A(N/S) = (D + E)/S (N/S) = D/S + E/S = (0.15A)/S + (A - 0.15A)/S = [0.15A + A - 0.15A]/S = A/S = (S/A + D/A + E/A)/S = [S/A + 0.15 + (1 - 0.15)]/S = [S/A + 0.85]/S = S/S + (0.85S)/S = 1 + 0.85 = 1.85N/S = 1.85 x 55/2.5N/S = 40.7% (rounded to one decimal place). Therefore, N/S = 40.7% is the solution to the problem.
43. Here are the given equations: A = (2x + 1)^2 ... (1)B = 3x + 4 ... (2)C = 2x^2 - 2x ... (3) We need to find the value of
2A - 3B + C. Thus, we shall substitute equations (1), (2) and (3) into the required expression as follows:2A - 3B + C = 2[(2x + 1)^2] - 3(3x + 4) + (2x^2 - 2x) = 2(4x^2 + 4x + 1) - 9x - 12 + 2x^2 - 2x = 8x^2 + 8x + 2 - 9x - 12 + 2x^2 - 2x = 10x^2 - x - 10
Therefore, 2A - 3B + C = 10x^2 - x - 10 is the answer.
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How has Nike, Inc performed over the past year in terms of
investment, market share, and profitability?
Nike Inc has delivered impressive performance in terms of investment, market share, and profitability over the past year. The company is widely regarded as the world's leading designer, marketer, and distributor of athletic footwear, equipment, accessories, and apparel.
In terms of investment, Nike has recorded significant gains. The company's stock price has increased by over 37% in the past year, making it one of the best-performing stocks in the industry. Nike's market capitalization stands at over $200 billion, highlighting the investors' confidence in the company's future growth prospects.
Nike's market share has also continued to increase in the past year. The company's dominance in the athletic footwear and apparel industry has been bolstered by its successful marketing campaigns, product innovations, and partnerships with athletes and sports teams. According to recent industry reports, Nike's market share in the US athletic footwear market increased from 44.4% in 2019 to 45.5% in 2020, consolidating its market leadership position.
Profitability has also been a strong suit for Nike in the past year. Despite the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, the company recorded strong financial results, with revenue increasing by 19% in the third quarter of 2021 to $10.7 billion. Nike's digital sales also grew by 59% in the same quarter, reflecting the company's success in adapting to changing consumer behavior and preferences.
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[Do at home, this may be reviewed in the week the 12 tutorial] [interest rate/coupon swap] Now suppose the data from the previous questions change to Borrower Fixed rate Floating rate AAA 9.00% p.a. LIBOR BBB 9.70% p.a. LIBOR +0.50% p.a.
1. Under the assumption of no intermediation/no intermediation fees and an equal split of savings (if any), determine if a swap can produce cost savings for both parties and if that is true, redesign the swap with these new data. 2. Under the assumption that the swap is intermediated by an investment bank that requests a 0.10% fee to each of the two parties, determine if a swap can produce cost savings and, if that is true, redesign the swap with these new data.
Borrower AAA will pay LIBOR + 0.40% (9.70% - 0.10% - 9.00%) to the Borrower BBB, and the Borrower BBB will pay 8.90% (9.00% - 0.10%) to the Borrower AAA. These adjusted rates account for the fee charged by the investment bank.
A swap can produce cost savings for both parties if the difference between the fixed rates offered by the borrowers is greater than the difference between their respective floating rates. In this case, the difference between the fixed rates is 0.70% (9.70% - 9.00%), while the difference between the floating rates is 0.50% (LIBOR + 0.50% - LIBOR). Since the difference in fixed rates is greater, a swap can generate cost savings.
To redesign the swap, the parties can agree to exchange their interest payment obligations. The Borrower AAA will pay LIBOR + 0.50% to the Borrower BBB, while the Borrower BBB will pay 9.00% to the Borrower AAA. This swap allows both parties to benefit from a lower interest rate compared to their original fixed rate, resulting in cost savings.
If the swap is intermediated by an investment bank that charges a 0.10% fee to each party, we need to consider the impact of the fee on the cost savings. In this case, the fee is 0.10% of the notional amount.
To determine if a swap can still produce cost savings, we compare the net savings after accounting for the fee. If the net savings are positive, then cost savings can be achieved. If the net savings are negative, it may not be beneficial to proceed with the swap.
To redesign the swap with the fee included, the parties can agree to the following terms: Borrower AAA will pay LIBOR + 0.40% (9.70% - 0.10% - 9.00%) to the Borrower BBB, and the Borrower BBB will pay 8.90% (9.00% - 0.10%) to the Borrower AAA. These adjusted rates account for the fee charged by the investment bank.
By comparing the new interest rates, the parties can determine if the swap with the fee still results in cost savings. If the net savings are positive, it indicates that the swap can produce cost savings even with the intermediation fee.
Note: The specific calculations for the cost savings and the impact of the fee should be done using the actual notional amount and the interest payment periods specified in the problem.
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PV of $2500 at 2.75% for 3 years is:
Question 11 options:
$ 2711.97
$ 2000
$ 1890.69
$ 2304.59
The present value (PV) of $2500 at an interest rate of 2.75% for 3 years is $2304.59. The correct option is d.
To calculate the present value, we can use the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the future value (FV) is $2500, the interest rate (r) is 2.75% (or 0.0275 as a decimal), and the number of years (n) is 3.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
PV = $2500 / (1 + 0.0275)^3
PV = $2500 / (1.0275)^3
PV ≈ $2500 / 1.0836690625
PV ≈ $2304.59
Therefore, the present value of $2500 at an interest rate of 2.75% for 3 years is approximately $2304.59.
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Which of the following questions assesses internal validity when evaluating causal claims?
a. Are the groups large enough to find a significant difference?
b. Does the study establish temporal precedence?
c. To what populations can we generalize this claim?
d. How well did the experiments manipulate the variables?
How well did the experiments manipulate the variables? The correct answer is d.
Assessing internal validity is crucial when evaluating causal claims because it focuses on the extent to which the study's design and execution allow for confident causal inferences.
The question "How well did the experiments manipulate the variables?" directly addresses internal validity. It pertains to the effectiveness of the experimental procedures in manipulating the independent variable(s) and ensuring they have a causal impact on the dependent variable(s).
Options a, b, and c are not specific to assessing internal validity. Option a refers to statistical power, option b refers to establishing temporal order, and option c addresses external validity by considering generalizability.
While these aspects are important in research, they do not directly address internal validity, which focuses on the study's ability to establish causal relationships between variables. The correct answer is d.
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International business can be a powerful political force, in part because:
A. a recent Supreme Court ruling in the United States allows corporate contributions to political races.
B. many top management team members are willing to accept roles with national security agencies.
C. about half the world's 100 largest economic units are firms.
D. business is all about achieving political goals.
E. two of the above.
Among the provided options, (A) a recent Supreme Court ruling in the United States allows corporate contributions to political races, and (C) about half the world's 100 largest economic units are firms, highlight the reasons why international business can be a powerful political force.
International business can indeed be a powerful political force, and two of the provided options explain this:
A) A recent Supreme Court ruling in the United States allows corporate contributions to political races: This refers to the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ruling in 2010, which granted corporations and unions the ability to make independent political expenditures. This decision increased the influence of businesses in political campaigns and allowed them to exert more political power.
C) About half the world's 100 largest economic units are firms: This statement highlights the significant economic power held by multinational corporations. Many large corporations have revenues and market capitalizations that rival or exceed those of individual countries. This economic strength can give them substantial influence and bargaining power in political affairs.
B) Many top management team members are willing to accept roles with national security agencies: This option is not directly related to the political power of international business. While it may involve collaboration between businesses and national security agencies, it does not specifically address the political influence of international business as a whole.
D) Business is all about achieving political goals: This statement is too broad and does not accurately capture the nature of business. While businesses may have objectives that align with certain political goals, the primary focus of business is typically on generating profits and providing goods or services.
Among the provided options, (A) a recent Supreme Court ruling in the United States allows corporate contributions to political races, and (C) about half the world's 100 largest economic units are firms, highlight the reasons why international business can be a powerful political force. These factors demonstrate the influence and impact that corporations can have on political processes and decision-making.
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Calculate the order quantity for a retailer given the following information: - Order point = 132 Quantity on hand = 30 Quantity on order = 60
.To calculate the order quantity, we subtract the quantity on hand and the quantity on order from the order point: The order quantity for the retailer is 42 units
Order Quantity = Order Point - Quantity on Hand - Quantity on Order
= 132 - 30 - 60
= 42 units
The order quantity for the retailer is 42 units
To calculate the order quantity, we need to determine the quantity needed to reach the order point. The order point is the inventory level at which a new order should be placed to replenish stock.
In this case, the order point is 132 units. The quantity on hand is 30 units, and there are 60 units on order, meaning they have been placed but not yet received.
Therefore, the retailer should place an order for 42 units to reach the desired inventory level of 132 units.
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the following graph displays four supply curves (ll, mm, nn, and oo) that intersect at point v. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 price (dollars per unit) quantity (units) v w x y z m m o o l l n n using the graph, complete the table that follows by indicating whether each statement is true or false. statement true false between points v and w, curve nn is perfectly inelastic. curve ll is more elastic between points v and x than curve oo is between points v and y. between points v and y, curve oo is inelastic.
The table indicating whether each statement is true or false based on the given graph areStatementTrueFalseBetween points v and w, curve nn is perfectly inelastic. Between points v and x, curve ll is more elastic than curve oo is.√Between points v and y, curve oo is inelastic. Perfectly inelastic supply curve is represented by a vertical line on the graph. In this graph, the supply curve nn is a vertical line.
The vertical line represents that any change in the price of the product would have no effect on the supply of the product, hence true. For elastic supply curves, a small change in the price results in a large change in the quantity supplied. Curve ll has a steeper slope than curve oo between points v and x, so curve ll is more elastic than curve oo, thus true.
Inelastic supply curves are those in which a change in price has little effect on the quantity supplied. Curve oo has a less steep slope between points v and y, so curve oo is inelastic, thus true.curve nn is perfectly inelastic.√Between points v and x, curve ll is more elastic than curve oo is.√Between points v and y, curve oo is inelastic.√Perfectly inelastic supply curve is represented by a vertical line on the graph. In this graph, the supply curve nn is a vertical line.
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Conventional finance theory makes the assumption that all investors are the assumption that investors are
a. irrational; rational
b. philanthropic; greedy
c. greedy; philanthropic
d. rational; irrational while behavioral finance makes
Conventional finance theory makes the assumption that all investors are the assumption that investors are d. rational; irrational while behavioral finance makes otherwise.
How do conventional finance theory and behavioral finance differ in their assumptions about investor behavior?Conventional finance theory assumes that investors are rational, meaning they make decisions based on logical analysis and aim to maximize their own self-interest. This assumption forms the basis for many traditional financial models and theories.
On the other hand, behavioral finance acknowledges that investors are not always rational and can be influenced by psychological biases, emotions, and heuristics. Behavioral finance seeks to understand and incorporate these non-rational factors into the analysis of financial markets and investor behavior.
Behavioral finance recognize
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Natsam Corporation has $263 million of excess cash. The firm has no debt and 527 million shares outstanding with a current market price of $11 per share. Natsam's board has decided to pay out this cash as a one-time dividend. a. What is the ex-dividend price of a share in a perfect capital market? b. If the board instead decided to use the cash to do a one-time share repurchase, in a perfect capital market, what is the price of the shares once the repurchase is complete? c. In a perfect capital market, which policy in part (a) or (b) makes investors in the firm better off? a. What is the ex-dividend price of a share in a perfect capital market? The ex-dividend price is $ ___________on a per share basis. (Round to the nearest cent.) b. If the board instead decided to use the cash to do a one-time share repurchase, in a perfect capital market, what is the price of the shares once the repurchase is complete? The price of the shares once the repurchase is complete is $ ____per share. (Round to the nearest cent.) c. In a perfect capital market, which policy in part (a) or (b) makes investors in the firm better off? (Select the best choice below.) A. Investors are better off with policy in part (a). OB. Investors are better off with policy in part (b). OC. Investors are indifferent to either policy.
C. Investors are indifferent to either policy.
a. The ex-dividend price of a share in a perfect capital market can be calculated by subtracting the one-time dividend per share from the current market price per share. In this case, the dividend per share is the total excess cash divided by the number of shares outstanding:
Dividend per share = Excess cash / Number of shares
Dividend per share = $263,000,000 / 527,000,000
Dividend per share = $0.50
Ex-dividend price per share = Current market price per share - Dividend per share
Ex-dividend price per share = $11.00 - $0.50
Ex-dividend price per share = $10.50
Therefore, the ex-dividend price per share is $10.50.
b. If the board decides to use the cash for a one-time share repurchase, the price of the shares once the repurchase is complete remains the same. The repurchase does not affect the market price per share.
Price of shares once the repurchase is complete = $11.00
c. In a perfect capital market, both policies (a one-time dividend or a one-time share repurchase) should result in the same outcome for investors. Investors should be indifferent to either policy as they would end up with the same wealth.
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Develop a sample survey you believe could be used to obtain
critical information on which financial decisions could be
made.
obtain critical information for making financial decisions:
1. Demographic Information:
a. What is your age?
b. What is your gender?
c. What is your educational background?
d. What is your employment status?
2. Financial Goals and Priorities:
a. What are your short-term financial goals (within the next 1-2 years)?
b. What are your long-term financial goals (5 years or more)?
c. Rank the following financial priorities in order of importance to you: saving for retirement, paying off debt, buying a home, investing, education funding, emergency fund, others (please specify).
3. Income and Expenses:
a. What is your annual household income?
b. What percentage of your income do you allocate towards savings?
c. What are your major monthly expenses? (mortgage/rent, utilities, transportation, groceries, debt payments, entertainment, others)
4. Risk Tolerance and Investment Preferences:
a. How would you describe your risk tolerance when it comes to investments? (low, moderate, high)
b. What types of investments are you most comfortable with? (stocks, bonds, real estate, mutual funds, index funds, others)
c. Are you open to exploring new investment opportunities? (yes, no, unsure)
5. Financial Knowledge and Decision-making:
a. How would you rate your knowledge of personal finance and investment options? (beginner, intermediate, advanced)
b. How do you typically make financial decisions? (self-research, consult with financial advisor, seek advice from friends/family, others)
c. Are you interested in financial education resources to enhance your knowledge? (yes, no, maybe)
6. Financial Services and Products:
a. What types of financial services and products are you currently using? (savings accounts, checking accounts, credit cards, loans, insurance, investment accounts, others)
b. Are you satisfied with your current financial service providers? (yes, no, unsure)
c. What factors do you consider when choosing a financial service provider? (interest rates, fees, customer service, convenience, reputation, others)
7. Financial Challenges and Concerns:
a. What are your biggest financial challenges or concerns? (debt management, saving for retirement, budgeting, job security, healthcare expenses, others)
b. Are there any specific financial topics or areas where you need more guidance or information?
8. Financial Planning and Advice:
a. Have you ever worked with a financial planner or advisor? (yes, no)
b. If yes, how satisfied were you with the services provided?
c. If no, what factors would make you consider seeking financial planning advice in the future?
Remember to adapt and customize the survey questions to suit the specific context and objectives of the financial decisions you are making.
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Enoch Chemists Ghana Ltd is a company based in Ghana that imports drugs and other pharmaceutical products from the UK for sale in Ghana. It is May 2018 and Enoch Chemists has just received a shipment of goods worth £1 million from its UK supplier, to be paid in exactly three (6) months’ time. Payment will be made in UK pounds.
Additional information is as follows:
· The current spot exchange rate is GH₵ 6.20/£.
· Interest rate on the pound is 2% per annum
· Interest rate on the cedi is 18% per annum
· Available six months forward rate quote from an exchange rate dealer: GH₵ 6.35/£ - GH₵
6.50/£.
· Enoch Chemists has access to at the money OTC options on UK pounds, expiring six (6)
months from now. The premiums for the options are as follows:
o Call – a premium of GH₵ 0.10/£.
o Put – a premium of GH₵ 0.05/£.
Enoch Chemists Ghana Ltd is faced with the decision of managing its currency risk associated with the payment of £1 million to its UK supplier in six months' time. To determine the most suitable approach, let's analyze the available options and calculate the potential costs.
Forward Contract:
Enoch Chemists can enter into a forward contract with an exchange rate dealer to lock in the exchange rate for the future. The available six-month forward rates are GH₵ 6.35/£ - GH₵ 6.50/£. By entering into a forward contract at the prevailing rate, the company can ensure a fixed exchange rate for the payment. However, the company will not benefit if the spot exchange rate improves.
OTC Options:
Enoch Chemists has access to at-the-money options on UK pounds, expiring in six months. The premiums for the options are:
Call option premium: GH₵ 0.10/£
Put option premium: GH₵ 0.05/£
a) Call Option: Enoch Chemists can purchase a call option to protect against a potential increase in the exchange rate. If the spot rate at the time of payment is higher than the strike price, the company can exercise the option and buy pounds at the lower strike price. However, if the spot rate is lower, the company can choose not to exercise the option and buy pounds at the prevailing spot rate.
b) Put Option: Enoch Chemists can purchase a put option to protect against a potential decrease in the exchange rate. If the spot rate at the time of payment is lower than the strike price, the company can exercise the option and sell pounds at the higher strike price. However, if the spot rate is higher, the company can choose not to exercise the option and sell pounds at the prevailing spot rate.
No Hedging:
Enoch Chemists can choose not to hedge its currency risk and rely on the prevailing spot rate at the time of payment. This approach exposes the company to potential exchange rate fluctuations, which could result in higher or lower costs depending on the future spot rate movement.
The most suitable approach for Enoch Chemists depends on their risk tolerance and expectations regarding future exchange rate movements. The forward contract provides a fixed exchange rate but does not allow for potential gains if the spot rate improves. Options provide flexibility, allowing the company to benefit from favorable exchange rate movements while limiting potential losses through the premium paid. Choosing to not hedge exposes the company to uncertainty in the exchange rate and could result in higher or lower costs.
It is recommended that Enoch Chemists carefully assess their risk tolerance and market outlook to determine the most appropriate hedging strategy.
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please hurry its timed!!
How much time will be needed for $40,000 to grow to $43,737.73 if deposited at 6% compounded quarterly?
It will take approximately 2.03 years for $40,000 to grow to $43,737.73 with a 6% interest rate compounded quarterly.
To calculate the time needed for $40,000 to grow to $43,737.73 with a 6% interest rate compounded quarterly, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P * (1 + r/n)^(n*t),
where:
A = final amount (in this case, $43,737.73)
P = principal amount (in this case, $40,000)
r = annual interest rate (6% or 0.06)
n = number of compounding periods per year (quarterly, so 4)
t = time in years (unknown)
We can rearrange the formula to solve for t:
t = log(A/P) / (n * log(1 + r/n)).
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
t = log(43,737.73 / 40,000) / (4 * log(1 + 0.06/4)).
t ≈ log(1.09344325) / (4 * log(1.015)).
Using a calculator, we find:
t ≈ 2.0274.
Therefore, it will take approximately 2.03 years for $40,000 to grow to $43,737.73 with a 6% interest rate compounded quarterly.
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Dr. Reilly is a neurosurgeon. He does an interview in a talk show about his occupation and his field, Dr. Reilly goes on to say how Phil Donrey, a famous natural healer who helps people through his Ayurvedic methods, is bogus and how there is no science or logic behind it. For which of the following reasons can Phil Donrey sue Dr. Reilly? Select one: I a. Libel b. Invasion of privacy c. Conversion d. False imprisonment Jean, a restaurant critic, publishes a review in a national daily that the sandwiches served at his friend's deli are usually not fresh. Tom, the owner of the deli, notices a significant decrease in customers after the review gets published. Although the statement made by Jean in his review is true, Tom wants to sue Jean. Can Tom recover from Jean for defamation? Select one: a. Yes, because Jean abused his conditional privilege. b. No, because Jean has the defense of truth U C. Yes, because Jean communicated the statement to third persons and defamed Tom. d. No, because personal finances and disputes cannot be brought to court Which of the following statements supports the explanation of libel? Select one: a. Broadcast defamation, which involves both oral and visual impressions, is generally considered to be libel. U b. Damages are presumed in libel cases even if the statement is not defamatory on its face 6. Oral defamation, causing injury to a person's reputation and causing that person considerable anguish and harm, is considered to be libel U d. Private statements between spouses may be defamatory and will be considered to be libel.
For the first question, the reason Phil Donrey could potentially sue Dr. Reilly is a. Libel. Libel refers to a false and defamatory statement made in written or printed form that harms a person's reputation.
For the second question, Tom cannot recover from Jean for defamation. The correct answer is b. No, because Jean has the defense of truth. Even if the statement made by Jean in the review caused a decrease in customers, if the statement is true, it is a valid defense against a defamation claim.
For the third question, the statement that supports the explanation of libel is a. Broadcast defamation, which involves both oral and visual impressions, is generally considered to be libel.
What is the role of the neurosurgeon?Phil Donrey may have legal grounds to pursue a lawsuit against Dr. for the initial inquiry. Reilly is being accused of libel. Libel is the act of producing false and defamatory statements in written or printed format, which has a detrimental impact on an individual's reputation.
Tom is unable to seek redress from Jean for defamation in respect of the second query as the account given in the evaluation is accurate. A statement is immune to defamation accusations if it is truthful. Hence, if Jean's claim regarding the sandwiches' freshness is factual, it cannot be deemed defamatory.
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Edwin Footworx has issued 27% preferred stock with a par value of R100. If investors expect a rate of return of 18.5% on this stock, find the price at which you would expect the firm to sell the preferred stock.
If Edwin Footworx has issued 27% preferred stock with a par value of R100. If investors expect a rate of return of 18.5% on this stock, the price at which you would expect the firm to sell the preferred stock is: R145.95.
What is the Price of preferred stock?Dividend per share = 27% * Par value
Dividend per share = 27/100 * 100
Dividend per share = R27
Price of preferred stock = Dividend per share / Required rate of return
Price of preferred stock = 27 / 0.185
Price of preferred stock = R145.95
Therefore Price of preferred stock is R145.95.
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eBook Cornerstone Exercise 5-21 (Algorithmic) Service Revenue Kibitz Fitness received $23,000 from customers on August 1, 2019. These payments were advance payments of yearly membership dues. Required: At December 31, 2019, calculate what the balances in the Uneamed Service Revenue and Service Revenue accounts will be. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Unearned Service Revenue 9430 X Service Revenue 9,430 X
The balance in the Unearned Service Revenue account at December 31, 2019, will be $9,430. The balance in the Service Revenue account at December 31, 2019, will also be $9,430.
When customers make advance payments for services that will be provided in the future, it is recorded as Unearned Service Revenue. As the services are provided over time, the unearned revenue is gradually recognized as revenue in the Service Revenue account.
In this case, Kibitz Fitness received $23,000 from customers on August 1, 2019, as advance payments for yearly membership dues. Since the question asks for the balances at December 31, 2019, it indicates that the services have not been fully provided yet.
Therefore, the entire amount of $23,000 received on August 1, 2019, would still be recorded as Unearned Service Revenue at December 31, 2019. The balance in the Unearned Service Revenue account will be $9,430, which represents the portion of the advance payments that has not yet been earned.
Simultaneously, the Service Revenue account will also have a balance of $9,430, indicating the revenue that has been earned and recognized up to December 31, 2019.
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Jim and Laura Buyer visit the local car dealership because they are interested in buying a new car. The car they currently have is aging and is starting to have mechanical problems. Jim and Laura would share the new car, and use it to go back and forth to work and school. Before going to the dealership, Jim and Laura decide that they can only afford $400.00 a month in car payments.
Once at the car dealership, Jim and Laura meet Stan Salesman. Stan shows them several vehicles and Jim and Laura test-drive several of the cars. Jim and Laura particularly like the blue 4-door sedan. Therefore, they agree to give Stan Salesman a $100.00 deposit to hold the car for a day. Stan Salesman does not give them the receipt but guarantees that the $100.00 is refundable. No documents were signed.
The next day, Stan Salesman calls Jim and Laura to ask them when they would like to take delivery of the car. Jim and Laura, on the way home from the dealership, decided that they were not going to buy the car because they did not want to spend that money each month. Therefore, Jim and Laura tell Stan salesman that they have decided not to buy the car and request their $100.00 deposit back.
Stan insists that the $100.00 was a deposit on the car and was meant to be part of the contract to buy the car. Stan is very persistent and insistent that Jim and Laura have contracted to buy the car; therefore, the $100.00 will be applied to the purchase price of the car. Jim and Laura are shocked and angry as not only do they not want to spend the money, but now feel as though they are being duped by Stan Salesman.
Jim and Laura have an appointment to see a lawyer in a few days, but know you are a student taking a business law class and come to you for advice. They are very frazzled, and understandably upset that they may have just purchased a car. Since you have been taking business law, you have read and understand the elements of a contract and the defenses to a contract. Therefore, although you are not a lawyer, you provide some basic advice from what you’ve learned in your business law class.
In three to five (3-5) pages, advise Jim and Laura based on the above facts as presented, the material provided in the text, and material covered in the lecture. In your paper, be sure to address the following:
Define the elements of a legal contract using examples from the scenario where applicable.
Decide whether or not there was a contract for the purchase of the automobile.
Identify the facts from the scenario which support your decision on whether or not a contract exists for the purchase of the automobile.
Based on the scenario provided, it appears that there may not be a legally enforceable contract for the purchase of the automobile between Jim and Laura and Stan Salesman.
To form a legal contract, certain elements must be present, including offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations. Let's analyze the elements in the given scenario:
1. Offer: Stan Salesman showed Jim and Laura several vehicles and allowed them to test-drive cars. However, there is no clear indication that Stan made a specific offer for the sale of the blue 4-door sedan.
2. Acceptance: Jim and Laura gave Stan a $100.00 deposit to hold the car, but it is important to determine whether this was an acceptance of a specific offer or merely an expression of interest.
3. Consideration: Consideration refers to something of value exchanged between parties. In this case, Jim and Laura's $100.00 deposit can be seen as consideration if it was meant to be part of the purchase price of the car.
4. Intention to create legal relations: There is no mention of any formal agreement or intent to be bound by legal obligations. Additionally, no documents were signed.
Based on the analysis of the elements of a legal contract in the given scenario, it is unlikely that a contract for the purchase of the automobile exists between Jim and Laura and Stan Salesman. The absence of a clear offer, formal acceptance, and intention to create legal relations suggests that the $100.00 deposit should be refundable.
However, it is important to note that this analysis is based on general contract principles and may vary depending on jurisdiction and specific details not provided in the scenario. Jim and Laura should still seek legal advice from a professional to fully understand their rights and options in this situation.
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A series of equal quarterly payments of $5,000 for 10 years is equivalent to what future lump-sum amount at the end of 15 years at an interest rate of 9% compounded continuously? (F/A, 2.2755%, 40) = 64.1442 (F/P, 2.2755%, 20) = 1.5683102
A series of equal quarterly payments of $5,000 for 10 years is equivalent to a future lump-sum amount of $64,144.20 at the end of 15 years, assuming an interest rate of 9% compounded continuously.
To find the future lump-sum amount, we can use the formula for the future value of an annuity due, which is given by:
FV = P * ((1 + r/n)^(n*t) - 1) / (r/n)
In this case, the payment amount per period is $5,000, the interest rate is 9% (0.09), and the compounding is continuous, so the number of compounding periods per year is infinite (n = ∞). The time period for the annuity payments is 10 years (t = 10). Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the future value of the annuity payments.
FV = $5,000 * ((1 + 0.09/∞)^(∞*10) - 1) / (0.09/∞)
= $5,000 * (e^(0.09*10) - 1) / 0.09
Using the continuous compounding formula, where e is the base of the natural logarithm, we find:
FV ≈ $5,000 * (e^0.9 - 1) / 0.09
≈ $64,144.20
Therefore, the future lump-sum amount at the end of 15 years, with an interest rate of 9% compounded continuously, is approximately $64,144.20.
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A company implements a strategy to sell its products for a higher price e, premium pricing) based on high perceived value. The geographic scope of the strategy is national. This is an example of which type of strategy? O Cost focus O Differentiation focu O Differentiation O Cost-leadership Next Submit Quiz Not saved A competitive strategy that builds high perceived value across a wide geographic market is known as which type of strategy? O Cost focus O Cost-leadership O Differentitation.
The company that implements a strategy to sell its products for a higher price (premium pricing) based on high perceived value with a geographic scope that is national represents an example of- C. Differentiation strategy.
What is the reason?According to Porter's generic competitive strategies, there are three general categories of strategic approaches that companies can use in order to get and maintain a competitive advantage: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
Differentiation is a marketing technique that involves creating a product or service that is exclusive in some way, such as providing high-quality or one-of-a-kind features that appeal to a particular set of customers. It is an approach in which a company distinguishes itself from its rivals by offering products that are unique or distinct in some way, resulting in higher perceived value.
By providing such an exclusive product or service, the company can charge a higher price, resulting in a higher profit margin.
Therefore, the strategy implemented by the company in the given scenario is the- C. Differentiation strategy.
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which companies and what marketing related to Airbnb service are doing, Analyze it (ex. social media, videos photos etc). Also list the Mistakes and good points companies are making with Airbnb services. (Please don't upload previous work which is already on chegg)
Airbnb is a peer-to-peer home-sharing platform that allows individuals to rent out their properties to travellers. Many companies have recognized the potential of the Airbnb market and have started to offer Airbnb-related services.
Some of the companies and marketing strategies related to Airbnb services are:
The mistakes that companies are making with Airbnb services include:
(1) Failing to comply with local regulations and tax laws - Hosts must comply with local regulations and tax laws, and failing to do so can result in fines and penalties.
(2) Not providing enough amenities - Many hosts compete on the amenities they offer, so not providing enough can make a property less attractive to guests.
(3) Not investing in high-quality photos and descriptions - Hosts need to provide high-quality photos and descriptions of their properties to attract guests. Poorly presented properties can result in fewer bookings.
The good points that companies are making with Airbnb services include:
(1) Offering unique and authentic experiences - Airbnb-style rentals offer a unique and authentic experience for travellers, which can be a strong selling point.
(2) Providing a higher level of service - Many hosts offer additional services, such as cleaning and laundry, which can provide a higher level of service than traditional hotels.
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A China fashion company wants to expand its business to the
USA.
Explain any special control issues for this overseas operation
that concern you. How do you plan to deal with them?
Fully explain pleas
Expanding a China fashion company to the USA presents control issues.
Cultural differences require adapting to American consumer preferences and business practices. Regulatory compliance entails understanding local laws, safety standards, and employment regulations. Building a reliable supply chain necessitates collaboration with local partners.
Tailoring marketing strategies to appeal to American consumers enhances brand recognition. Effective financial management, including budgeting and tax compliance, is essential. Communication across time zones and language barriers requires clear channels and translation services. Providing excellent customer service addresses cultural nuances. Conducting a risk assessment and purchasing suitable insurance mitigate potential risks.
Addressing these issues involves thorough market research, local expertise, and a flexible approach to ensure successful expansion.
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Discuss the empirical evidence that suggests that the Black-Scholes-Merton model is rejected for S&P 500 index options. Provide at least three different stylized empirical facts from the option market to support your answer. Despite being rejected by the data, why is the model still being used extensively in the finance industry? Provide references for any sources you use.
Empirical evidence suggests that the BSM model is often rejected for S&P 500 index options due to its failure to capture important stylized facts in the option market. However, its continued use in the finance industry can be attributed to its simplicity, baseline pricing benchmark role, market standardisation, and usefulness in hedging and risk management.
The Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model is a widely used mathematical framework for pricing options. However, empirical evidence suggests that the model is often rejected for S&P 500 index options, indicating its limitations in accurately capturing market dynamics. Here are three stylized empirical facts from the option market that support this claim:
Volatility Smile/Smirk: One significant stylized fact in the option market is the presence of the volatility smile or smirk. The BSM model assumes that the volatility of the underlying asset is constant.
However, empirical evidence consistently demonstrates that the implied volatility of options tends to vary with the strike price, leading to a smile-shaped or smirk-shaped volatility curve. This phenomenon indicates that the BSM model fails to account for the observed variations in market volatility.
Skewness and Kurtosis: Another empirical fact observed in the option market is the skewness and kurtosis of option returns. Skewness refers to the asymmetry in the distribution of returns, while kurtosis represents the tails' thickness.
The BSM model assumes that underlying asset returns follow a log-normal distribution, which implies that the distribution is symmetric and has finite tails. However, empirical studies have shown that option returns exhibit significant skewness and kurtosis, indicating that the BSM model does not capture these characteristics accurately.
Non-constant Risk-Free Rate: The BSM model assumes a constant risk-free rate over the option's life. However, empirical evidence suggests that interest rates vary over time, affecting the pricing and hedging strategies of options. In practice, market interest rates fluctuate, and the term structure of interest rates is not flat. These variations introduce uncertainties and complexities that the BSM model fails to account for.
Despite the empirical evidence rejecting the BSM model for S&P 500 index options, it continues to be extensively used in the finance industry for several reasons:
Simplicity and Ease of Use: The BSM model is a relatively simple mathematical formula that provides a closed-form solution for option pricing. It is easy to implement and understand, making it a popular choice for quick calculations and initial valuations.
Baseline Pricing Benchmark: While the BSM model may not accurately capture market dynamics, it serves as a baseline pricing benchmark against which more sophisticated models can be compared. It provides a starting point for option pricing and allows for the assessment of deviations and adjustments required to incorporate additional market factors.
Liquidity and Market Standardisation: The extensive use of the BSM model has led to the establishment of a liquid options market and standardised trading practices. Market participants are accustomed to using BSM-based pricing, and it serves as a common language for option traders, facilitating liquidity and market efficiency.
Hedging and Risk Management: The BSM model's simplicity and tractability make it useful for risk management purposes. Despite its limitations, it provides a framework for constructing delta and gamma hedging strategies, allowing market participants to manage and offset risks associated with their options positions.
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Mexico was famous - or infamous - for many years in having two...
Mexico was famous - or infamous - for many years in having two things every six years (cada seis años in Spanish): a presidential election and a currency devaluation. This was the case in 1976, 1982, 1988, and in 1994. In its last devaluation on December 20, 1994, the value of the Mexican peso (Ps) was officially changed from Ps3.30/$ to Ps5.50/$. What was the percentage devaluation?
Assumptions Rate Values
Spot rate, December 20, 1994 (Ps/$) S1 3.30
Spot rate, December 21, 1994 (Ps/$) S2 5.50
Calculation percentage of devaluation:
Percentage change in the peso versus the dollar -40.00%
Percent change = ( S1 - S2 ) ÷ ( S2 )
The peso since that time, and we have now weathered two additional six-year dates (2000 and 2006), has been remarkable stable against all major currencies, including the dollar.
The rate of decline of the Mexican peso in a given scenario is approximately 66.67%.
To calculate the rate of devaluation of the Mexican peso in a given scenario, you can use the following formula.
Depreciation rate = ((start value – end value) / start value) * 100
In this case, the Mexican peso had an initial value of Ps/$3.30 and a final value of Ps/$5.50. Substituting these values into the formula gives:
Depreciation Rate = ((3.30 - 5.50) / 3.30) * 100
Calculation simplification:
Depreciation rate = (-2.20 / 3.30) * 100
Depreciation rate = -0.6667 * 100
Depreciation Rate = -66.67%
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The correct question is :
Mexico was famous - or infamous - for many years in having two things every six years a presidential election and a currency devaluation. This was the case in 1976, 1982, 1988, and in 1994. In its last devaluation on December 20, 1994, the value of the Mexican peso (Ps) was officially changed from Ps3.30/$ to Ps5.50/$. What was the percentage devaluation?
Plumb Line Surveyors provides survey work for construction projects. The office staff use office supplies while surveying crews use field supplies. Purchases on completed by plumb line surveyors during May 2014 are as following. Purchased filed supplies on account from Wendell Co, $3.240. Purchased office supplies on account from Lassiter Co, $340 Purchased filed supplies on account from Tri Cities Supplies $ 4.500. Purchased filed supplies on account from Wendell Co, $3.670. Purchased office supplies on account from J-Mart Co, $500. Purchased office equipment on account from Accuse-Vision Supply Co, $8.150 Purchased filed supplies on account from Tri Cities Supplies $2.450. Purchased office supplies on account from Jar Co $265. M Purchased filed supplies on account from Tri Cities Supplies $3.040. Insert the following balances in the general ledger as of May 1: Insert the following balances in the accounts payable subsidiary ledger as of May 1: Journalize the transactions for May, using a purchases journal (p. 50) similar to the one illustrated in this chapter. Prepare the purchases journal with columns for Accounts Payable. Field Supplies, Office Supplies, and Other Accounts. Post to the creditor accounts in the accounts payable subsidiary ledger immediately after each entry. Post the purchases journal to the accounts in the general ledger. What is the son of the creditor balances in the subsidiary ledger at May 31? What Is the balance of the accounts payable controlling account at May 51? What type of e-commerce application would be used to plan and coordinate transactions with suppliers?
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is the sort of e-commerce technique utilised for conducting business with suppliers. A business sells its products and services to other businesses in this sort of e-commerce.
They would buy supplies and equipment for Plumb Line Surveyors from other companies. After that, they would employ those resources in offering their services. By offering a platform for online orders and payments, as well as tracking shipments and inventory, e-commerce aids in supply chain management. Additionally, it increases the pace at which you can fill orders and makes it simpler for clients to find your products.
The term "e-commerce supply chain" describes a number of logistical procedures needed to operate an online store. It includes tasks including acquiring raw materials, producing completed items, managing inventories, warehousing, filling orders, and providing last-mile delivery.
A flawless supply chain is essential to the success of e-commerce. It makes it possible for the market's supply and demand for commodities to be in balance. Planning, sourcing, manufacturing, warehousing, delivery, and logistics were all part of the conventional supply chain.
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A FLORIDA CITRUS COMPANY HAS 480 ACRES OF LAND FOR GROWING ORANGES AND GRAPE FRUIT. PROFITS PER ACRE ARE $40 FOR OR ANGES AND $30 FOR GRAPE FRUIT. THE TOTAL LABOR HOURS AVAILABLE DURING THE PRODUCTION ARE 800. EACH ACRC FOR ORANGES USES 2 HOURS OF LABOR, AND EACH ACRE FOR GRAPEFRUIT USES I HOUR OF LABOR. IF THE FIXED COSTS ARE $3000, WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM PROFIT?
The maximum profit for the Florida citrus company is $15,000.
To determine the maximum profit for the Florida citrus company, we need to optimize the allocation of acres for growing oranges and grapefruits based on the given constraints.
Let's assume x represents the number of acres allocated for oranges, and y represents the number of acres allocated for grapefruits.
We are given the following information:
Total acres of land: 480
Profits per acre: $40 for oranges, $30 for grapefruits
Labor hours available: 800
Labor hours required per acre: 2 for oranges, 1 for grapefruits
Fixed costs: $3000
We can set up the following objective function for maximizing profit:
Maximize: P = 40x + 30y - 3000
Subject to the following constraints:
x + y <= 480 (total acres of land constraint)
2x + y <= 800 (labor hours available constraint)
x >= 0 (non-negativity constraint)
y >= 0 (non-negativity constraint)
Now we can solve this linear programming problem using graphical or algebraic methods. Here, I will solve it using algebraic methods.
First, we need to find the feasible region by graphing the constraints:
From the constraints, we can determine that the feasible region is a polygon with vertices at (0,0), (0,480), (400,0), and (280,240).
Next, we evaluate the objective function at each vertex to find the maximum profit:
P(0,0) = 40(0) + 30(0) - 3000 = -3000
P(0,480) = 40(0) + 30(480) - 3000 = 6000
P(400,0) = 40(400) + 30(0) - 3000 = 9000
P(280,240) = 40(280) + 30(240) - 3000 = 15000
The maximum profit is $15,000 when 280 acres are allocated for oranges and 240 acres are allocated for grapefruits.
Therefore, the maximum profit for the Florida citrus company is $15,000.
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The integration responsiveness framework contains four basic strategic options: the international strategy, the multidomestic strategy, the global strategy, and the transnational strategy.
a. Using concrete examples of companies, discuss the four options by summarising their:
• Orientation • Value Chain Configuration • Value Chain Coordination • Key Advantage • Key Disadvantage (80 marks)
b. Argue which of the four options will become less viable due to pressure for global integration and local responsiveness and name some relevant industries that are operating in those strategies.
Four basic strategic options, as proposed by the integration responsiveness framework, are discussed below along with concrete examples of companies:1. International Strategy: Orientation: Companies that operate in an international strategy have their orientation towards global efficiencies instead of local responsiveness.
Value Chain Configuration: Under this strategy, companies have centralized decision-making control over their resources and capabilities and maintain uniform standards across different countries. Value Chain Coordination: Companies that pursue an international strategy integrate their value chains through global coordination mechanisms like supplier relationships. Key Advantage: International strategy offers companies the opportunity to leverage their core competencies to achieve a competitive advantage in different markets. Key Disadvantage: Companies may overlook the significance of local needs, resulting in losing out to local competitors. Example: Coca-Cola operates under an international strategy.2.
Multidomestic Strategy: Orientation: Companies that follow a multidomestic strategy have their orientation towards local responsiveness instead of global efficiencies. Value Chain Configuration: Companies that pursue this strategy decentralize their decision-making process to local business units. Value Chain Coordination: Under a multidomestic strategy, companies configure their value chains to cater to local tastes and preferences. Key Advantage: Multidomestic strategy allows companies to address local customer needs better, resulting in competitive advantages. Key Disadvantage: Companies' inability to achieve economies of scale due to decentralized value chain configuration. Example: Walmart follows a multidomestic strategy.3. Global Strategy: Orientation: Companies that follow a global strategy have their orientation towards global efficiencies. Value Chain Configuration: Under a global strategy, companies centralize their decision-making processes to leverage economies of scale.
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Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative
legal forms for organizing a new venture
There are several alternative legal forms for organizing a new venture, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
Alternative legal forms for organizing a new venture include sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), and corporation.
Sole proprietorship is the simplest form, offering advantages such as ease of formation, complete control, and tax flexibility. However, it also has disadvantages, including unlimited personal liability for business debts and difficulties in raising capital.
Partnerships provide shared decision-making and resources, along with shared risks and profits. They allow for more diverse skills and capital contributions
LLCs combine the benefits of both partnerships and corporations. They offer limited liability protection for owners, flexibility in management, and pass-through taxation. Yet, they can be more complex to set up and require formal operating agreements.
Corporations provide limited liability for shareholders, easier transfer of ownership, and potential access to external funding. However, they involve more extensive legal requirements, higher administrative costs, and double taxation.
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XYZ Company uses the periodic Inventory system to account for its merchandise purchases. A physical count of Inventory at year and revealed that $6,000 of Inventory was on hand. Given the partial list of accounts below, show your understanding of the entry to close the temporary debit balance accounts and update the Merchandise Inventory account by selecting all of the correct answers below. (Check all that apply.) Account Sales Returns and Allowances Debit $1,000 Credit Sales Discounts 500 Wages Expense $ 300 Purchases $36,000 Merchandise Inventory (Beg. Balance) $5,000 Check all that apply. Debit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance of $5,000 Credit Sales Discounts $500. Debit Purchases $36,000. Debit Sales Discounts $500. Credit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance $5,000. Credit Purchases $36,000.
Debit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance of $5,000 and Credit Sales Discounts $500.
To close the temporary debit balance accounts and update the Merchandise Inventory account using the periodic inventory system, we need to understand the nature of each account and its impact on the inventory. Based on the provided information, the correct entries would be as follows:
1. Debit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance of $5,000: This entry is necessary to update the Merchandise Inventory account with the beginning balance. It reflects the value of inventory on hand at the start of the accounting period.
2. Credit Sales Discounts $500: Sales discounts represent a reduction in the selling price offered to customers for early payment. This entry reduces the Sales Discounts account, which is a temporary debit balance account, and helps close it at the end of the period.
3. Debit Purchases $36,000: The Purchases account represents the cost of merchandise acquired for resale. By debiting Purchases, we recognize the total amount of merchandise purchased during the period. This entry reflects the increase in inventory due to the purchases made.
4. Credit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance $5,000: This entry is necessary to offset the debit entry made for the beginning balance of the Merchandise Inventory account. It ensures that the beginning balance is appropriately accounted for and updated.
Therefore, the correct entries to close the temporary debit balance accounts and update the Merchandise Inventory account would be:
- Debit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance of $5,000
- Credit Sales Discounts $500
- Debit Purchases $36,000
- Credit Merchandise Inventory for the beginning balance $5,000
Note that the Sales Returns and Allowances and Wages Expense accounts are not directly related to the inventory closing process, so they do not require entries in this context.
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Jerry wants to have $1.9 million in his retirement account. If he feels he can earn an APR of 8.1 percent compounded monthly and plans to save $230 per month until he reaches his goal, how many years will it be until he reaches his goal and retires? Multiple Choice 52.13 years 44.36 years 49.51 years
Jerry approximately 49 years to save $1.9 million for his retirement. Hence, the answer is option c) 49.51 years.
The formula to calculate the number of years to reach a certain amount of money is: Where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the interest rate per period, n is the number of periods.The present value, PV, is zero as Jerry hasn't started saving yet.
The future value, FV, is $1.9 million. The interest rate per period, r, is 8.1% / 12 = 0.675%. The payment, PMT, is $230. Therefore, the formula to find the number of periods, n, becomes:We need to round the answer to the nearest whole number, which is 49. The answer is c.
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