50. The element in the enterprise risk management (ERM) structure that provides the foundation and arrangement for embedding risk management throughout the organisation at all levels is: c. Corporate governance
51. The option that is a macropolitical risk factor a South African business may face when conducting business overseas is: a. Unexpected changes in tax rules in a foreign country
What is risk management?Risk management refers to the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks in order to minimize the negative impact they can have on an organization or project.
52.The statement that is incorrect with regard to credit risk is: c. Default risk is the probability of the event of default.
53. The option that is an example of unethical business practices is: b. a,b,c
54. All stakeholders and regulators are pressing board of directors to manage risk more: c. compliant.
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Which of the following statements is false?
Group of answer choices
x-bar charts are used to evaluate changes in the process mean
R charts are used to evaluate changes in the process variance
We look up A2, D3, and D4 based on the # of samples
The range is computed by taking the difference between the maximum and minimum observations in a sample.
The statement for option (c) stands for false among the options given in the question i.e. We look up A2, D3, and D4 based on the # of samples.
A control chart is a graphical representation of a process's outputs over time. It aids in the identification of possible process improvements and the monitoring of process performance. It's a tool that helps with process analysis and decision-making. In control charts, we plot statistical methods, such as the sample mean (x-bar) or range (R), against time. The plotted statistic is then compared to its corresponding control limits, which are calculated using the data from the process before the control chart was established.
These control limits provide a measure of the process's stability and variation. It also helps us to understand if there are any changes in the process's mean or variability. X-bar charts are used to evaluate changes in the process mean. R-charts are used to evaluate changes in the process variance. The range is computed by taking the difference between the maximum and minimum observations in a sample. This method is used to calculate the R control limit. We do not look up A2, D3, and D4 based on the # of samples. A2, D3, and D4 are statistical constants that are calculated using a given sample size. These statistical constants are used in control chart calculations to establish control limits, and they are not determined by the sample size. Therefore, the statement 'We look up A2, D3, and D4 based on the # of samples' is false.
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Consider the following game played by 80 people. S, [4, 5, 6. 125). Payoffs are as follows. 500 if s, is closest to otherwise (a) Describe B, Explain. (b) Find R., Explain where m denotes the number of players who are closest to
the number of players who are closest to s* is m=3. Hence, R=3. (a) The mixed strategy equilibrium of the given game B can be expressed as follows:B =(p1,p2,p3,p4)where pi denotes the probability assigned to each pure strategy si for each i∈{1,2,3,4}.
Here, the pure strategy si of player i that yields him the highest expected payoff can be defined as si=125 for i∈{1,2,3} and s4=4.Since there are only four pure strategies, it implies that the best response of each player i is a mixed strategy of the form pi=(1,0,0,0), i.e., player i chooses pure strategy si with a probability of 1. Therefore, the mixed strategy equilibrium can be defined as B = (1,1,1,0).(b) R is a number denoted by m, which is the number of players who are closest to s*.To find R, first, we have to identify s*, the pure strategy that maximizes the expected payoffs. Since the highest expected payoff is 500, it implies that the optimal strategy s* is s1=s2=s3=125.For this strategy s*, the minimum distance to any other pure strategy is 119. Hence, a player who chooses any pure strategy si with si∈{4,5,6} cannot be closer to s* than the other two players who choose the strategy s1=s2=s3=125.,
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Xavio Carporation shares have and expected return of 6% and a standard deviation of 7%. Bearcat Corporation shares have an expected return of 9% and a standard deviation of 12%. The returns on the two companies are independent Your portfolio consists of $500 invested in the Xavio and $500 invested in Bearcat shares. What is the variance of your portfolio?
The variance of your portfolio is 0.00965. The returns on the two companies are independent, the correlation coefficient is 0.
To calculate the variance of your portfolio, we need to first calculate the covariance between Xavio and Bearcat.
Covariance = Correlation coefficient x Standard deviation of Xavio x Standard deviation of Bearcat
Since the returns on the two companies are independent, the correlation coefficient is 0.
Therefore,
Covariance = 0 x 0.07 x 0.12
Covariance = 0
Now, we can calculate the variance of your portfolio using the formula:
Portfolio Variance = (weight of Xavio * variance of Xavio) + (weight of Bearcat * variance of Bearcat) + 2 * (weight of Xavio * weight of Bearcat * covariance)
where weight of Xavio = $500 / ($500 + $500) = 0.5
and weight of Bearcat = $500 / ($500 + $500) = 0.5
Variance of Xavio = (0.07)^2 = 0.0049
Variance of Bearcat = (0.12)^2 = 0.0144
Plugging in these values we get:
Portfolio Variance = (0.5 * 0.0049) + (0.5 * 0.0144) + 2 * (0.5 * 0.5 * 0)
Portfolio Variance = 0.00965
Therefore, the variance of your portfolio is 0.00965.
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The lights dim in the concert hall of the Colorado Symphony Orchestra and the audience falls silent. Conductor Martin Alsop raises his baton to direct a piece by composer Scott and over the performance stage a camera image is projected. Tom and Jerry, the famous duo, scamper cross the
screen.
What are Tom and Jerry doing at a classical music performance? The symphony orchestra hopes they - and other marketing innovations - will bring in larger and younger audiences.
Symphony orchestra concerts are not the only US entertainment form facing an increasingly grey-haired clientele.
But the demographics of symphonic attendance are striking. A study of concertgoers released last year by the National Endowment for the Arts found audiences declining for every age group under 50. According to the St Paul Chamber Orchestra, only 6% of its audience is under 35.
An ageing audience eventually means more empty seats. Eight symphony orchestras have closed in the USA in the last ten years. Last year alone, the orchestras of San Diego and Sacramento shut down.
What's needed, say observers, is a complete overhaul of marketing strategy. Eugene Carr, president of Culture Finder, a Net information service about the arts, says he realized just how little symphony orchestras have changed when the New York Philharmonic recently presented a concert nearly identical to a performance a century ago.
Previously foreign concepts such as building a brand image measuring customer satisfaction and creating name recognition are finding their way into classical music parlance.
The Oregon Symphony, for instance, has conducted market research to find out what appears to
its viewers. Our theory is, the music's not the problem, it's how it's presented says Don Roth, director of the orchestra. To attract a younger clientele, the Oregon Symphony has introduced concerts under a new brand name, Nerve Endings. We did it this way because it lets people know that these concerts will be different from your standard fare says Maureen O'Connor in charge of marketing for the orchestra. Under the auspices of the new brand, the Oregon Symphony is venturing on to new ground. A February concert featured a corpse in the lobby, cordoned off with police tape. The corpse was a dummy of Mozart, a display designed to create a mood for that night's Mozart programme.
Another Nerve Endings performance featured a flamenco-inspired classical music programme, complete with dancers, videos of flamenco singers, and discounts to flamenco parties at local night clubs.
QUESTION Suggest a programme of marketing research that could be useful in helping an orchestra develop a good marketing strategy.
A programme of marketing research that could be useful in helping an orchestra develop a good marketing strategy can be discussed by the points of Demographic research, Customer satisfaction research, Brand image research etc.
A programme of marketing research that could be useful in helping an orchestra develop a good marketing strategy is discussed below:
Marketing research is the process of systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about customers, competitors, and the market for a product, service, or idea. It can help orchestras develop a better understanding of their audience and create effective marketing strategies that will attract and retain customers.
The following marketing research program could be useful for orchestras to create an effective marketing strategy:
1. Demographic research: Understanding the audience demographics is essential for orchestras to develop an effective marketing strategy. This type of research would include information on the age, gender, income, education level, and other relevant demographic factors of their audience.
2. Customer satisfaction research: Collecting data on customer satisfaction can provide valuable insights into what audiences like and dislike about the orchestra's performances and services. This could include surveys or focus groups to gather feedback on the overall experience of attending an orchestra performance.
3. Brand image research: Orchestras must maintain and develop a strong brand image to attract new audiences. This research could include investigating how the orchestra is perceived by current and potential audiences and identifying opportunities to improve its brand image.
4. Competitor research: Understanding the competition can help orchestras differentiate themselves and create a unique selling point. This research could include analyzing the marketing strategies of competing orchestras and identifying opportunities to differentiate from them.
5. Market trends research: Orchestras must stay up-to-date with market trends to remain relevant to audiences. This type of research could include identifying emerging trends in the music industry and finding ways to adapt to them.
These research programs can help orchestras understand their audience, improve their marketing strategies, and attract new audiences.
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Awal Co. has a proposed project that will generate sales of 1420units annually at a selling price of $26 each. The fixed costs are $13672 and the variable costs per unit are $7.45. The project requires $30011 of fixed assets that be depreciated on a straight-line basis to a zero book value over the 8-year life of the project. The salvage value of the fixed assets is $8,100 and the tax rate is 33 percent. What is the operating cash flow?
Operating cash flow of Awal Co. is $16,944.88. Given, Selling price per unit = $26Units to be sold annually = 1420Fixed cost = $13672Variable cost per unit = $7.45Fixed assets required = $30011Depreciation = Straight-line method Salvage value = $8100Tax rate = 33%.
The formula for calculating the operating cash flow is as follows: Operating Cash Flow = Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) – Taxes + Depreciation - Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) Where, EBIT = (Revenue – Fixed costs – Variable costs)Taxes = (Tax rate) × (EBIT – Depreciation)Depreciation = (Total depreciation / Project life)Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) = (Total assets – Salvage value)The calculation of EBIT will be as follows: Revenue = Selling price × Units to be sold annually= $26 × 1420= $36,920Fixed costs = $13672Variable costs = Variable cost per unit × Units to be sold annually= $7.45 × 1420= $10,579EBIT = Revenue – Fixed costs – Variable costs= $36,920 – $13672 – $10,579= $12,669.
The calculation of taxes will be as follows: Taxes = (Tax rate) × (EBIT – Depreciation)= 33% × ($12,669 – $3,751.25)= 33% × $8917.75= $2940.08The calculation of depreciation will be as follows: Total depreciation = Fixed assets – Salvage value= $30011 – $8100= $21,911Depreciation = Total depreciation / Project life= $21,911 / 8= $2751.38The calculation of CAPEX will be as follows: CAPEX = Total assets – Salvage value= $30011 – $8100= $21,911Putting the above values in the formula of operating cash flow, we get: Operating Cash Flow = EBIT – Taxes + Depreciation - CAPEX= $12,669 – $2940.08 + $2751.38 - $21,911= $16,944.88.
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Awal Company's operating cash flow is $16,944.88. Assuming a $26 selling price per unit Annual Units to be Sold: 1420Cost fixed = $13672$7.45 is the variable price per unit. Required fixed assets: $30011Straight-line technique = depreciation Value of salvage = $810033% tax rate.
The calculation is as follows:
The operating cash flow calculation formula is as follows: Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) - Taxes + Depreciation - Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) = Operating Cash Flow. Where, EBIT is the sum of revenue less fixed and variable costs. EBIT - Depreciation = (Tax rate) Taxes Depreciation is calculated as (Total depreciation / Project Life).Total Assets - Salvage Value = Capital Expenditure (CAPEX).The following formula will be used to calculate EBIT: Revenue = Selling price x Number of Units to be Sold Per Year = $26 x 1420 = $36,920Costs fixed = $13672Variable costs equal Variable cost per unit x Annual Units Sales ($7.35 x 1420 = $10,579)EBIT is calculated as Revenue - Fixed Costs - Variable Costs, which is $36,920 - $13672 - $10,579 ($12,669).
Taxes will be computed using the following formula: Taxes are calculated as follows: ($12,669 - $3,751.25) (Tax rate) (EBIT - Depreciation)= 33% × $8917.75= $2940.08The following formula will be used to calculate depreciation: Fixed assets - Salvage value = $30011 - $8100 = $21,911 in total depreciation. Total depreciation = Depreciation
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Each sector of the business world has its own set of demands and challenges. Some of these challenges span sectors and industries and are common among different companies and organizations. All businesses strive to maintain top-quality relationships with their customer base, to keep their brands relevant and to keep their employees happy. Facing and overcoming any obstacles that arise is what sets a good business apart from its competitors.
Look closely at the stock market listing in Fiji (SPX). Select any 2 listed companies from there and do a comparative analysis based on the following by using at least 3 or more years of data (2021 to be the latest) for your trend analysis:
a) Argue systematically either supporting or rejecting the point of view (statement given above) by presenting your evidence based on literature and case examples. (This should form the
introduction, background, and literature review of the assignment).
b) For the chosen companies, analyze the contemporary issues being based by them in the modern era of business.
c) Identify some of the risk that the firms face and explain on the strategies that they use to mitigate the risks as part of their risk management effort.
d) Examine the operational and financial performance of the selected companies Pre COVID, during COVID and in the new normal. (Graphical representation is required).
e) Critique on the chosen organizations Corporate Governance Structure and state whether the corporate governance is weak, good or surpasses the set benchmark.
f) For the chosen companies, discuss the relationship between corporate governance and corporate finance in theory and practice in the Fiji’s business environment context.
g) Analyze the significance of having ‘good customer service’ on the branding and image of the business.
h) Critically evaluate how the companies promote ethical and responsible decision-making to support the people and the environment.
The factors collectively demonstrate the significance of maintaining strong customer relationships, brand relevance, and employee happiness in the business world.
a) In the business world, maintaining top-quality relationships with customers, keeping brands relevant, and ensuring employee happiness are crucial for success. This viewpoint is supported by literature and case examples. According to research, customer relationship management is essential for businesses to build loyalty and retain customers (Reinartz et al., 2004). Companies that prioritize customer satisfaction and engagement tend to outperform their competitors (Homburg et al., 2009). Furthermore, brand relevance is vital for long-term success, as brands that remain relevant can capture and retain market share (Keller, 2009). Finally, employee satisfaction and well-being contribute to higher productivity and lower turnover rates (Harter et al., 2002). These factors collectively demonstrate the significance of maintaining strong customer relationships, brand relevance, and employee happiness in the business world.
b) Analyzing contemporary issues faced by the chosen companies in the modern era of business requires specific company names. Unfortunately, the question does not provide the names of the companies chosen from the stock market listing in Fiji (SPX). To accurately analyze the contemporary issues, it is essential to identify the specific companies and their challenges.
c) Identifying the risks faced by the chosen firms and explaining their strategies to mitigate those risks requires specific company names. Unfortunately, the question does not provide the names of the companies chosen from the stock market listing in Fiji (SPX). Without this information, it is not possible to analyze the risk management efforts and strategies of the selected companies.
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In addition to risk-free securities, you are currently invested in the Tanglewood Fund, a broad-based fund of stocks and other securities with an expected return of 12% and a volatility of 25%. Currently, the risk-free rate of interest is 4%. Your broker suggests that you add a venture capital fund to your current portfolio. The venture capital fund has an expected return of 20%, a volatility of 80%, and a correlation of 0.2 with the Tanglewood Fund. Calculate the required return and use it to decide whether you should add the venture capital fund to your portfolio.
The expected return of the Venture Capital Fund is greater than the required return of the portfolio, it should be added to the current portfolio. The required return of portfolio = 20.10%
Expected return of Tanglewood Fund = 12%Expected return of Venture Capital Fund = 20%Risk-free rate of interest = 4% Volatility of Tanglewood Fund = 25%
Volatility of Venture Capital Fund = 80%Correlation of Venture Capital Fund with Tanglewood Fund = 0.2The required return for adding venture capital fund to the current portfolio is 12.56%.
Therefore, if the expected return of the Venture Capital Fund is greater than 12.56%, then the Venture Capital Fund should be added to the current portfolio.
The expected return of a portfolio is given by the weighted average of the expected return of each security in the portfolio. The weights are determined by dividing the market value of each security by the total market value of the portfolio.
We can find the required return of the portfolio by using the following formula:-
Required Return = Rf + βp [E(Rm) - Rf]Where, Rf = Risk-free rate of interest, βp = Beta of portfolio, E(Rm) = Expected return of the market. Since we have only two securities in the portfolio, we can find the required return of the portfolio as follows:-
Tanglewood Fund: Beta of Tanglewood Fund = Volatility of Tanglewood Fund / Volatility of the market. Beta of Tanglewood Fund = 25% / 15%Beta of Tanglewood Fund = 1.67, Required Return of Tanglewood Fund = 4% + 1.67 [12% - 4%]
Required Return of Tanglewood Fund = 17.32%
Venture Capital Fund: Beta of Venture Capital Fund = Correlation of Venture Capital Fund with Tanglewood Fund × (Volatility of Venture Capital Fund / Volatility of Tanglewood Fund)Beta of Venture Capital Fund = 0.2 × (80% / 25%) Beta of Venture Capital Fund = 0.64 Required Return of Venture Capital Fund = 4% + 0.64 [20% - 4%]Required Return of Venture Capital Fund = 13.76%
Portfolio: Let w1 be the weight of Tanglewood Fund and w2 be the weight of Venture Capital Fund in the portfolio. The total market value of the portfolio is assumed to be 1, so w1 + w2 = 1. Since the correlation between Tanglewood Fund and Venture Capital Fund is 0.2, we can find the variance of the portfolio as follows:Variance of Portfolio = w1² × Variance of Tanglewood Fund + w2² × Variance of Venture Capital Fund + 2w1w2 × Covariance of Tanglewood Fund and Venture Capital FundWhere, Covariance of Tanglewood Fund and Venture Capital Fund = Correlation of Tanglewood Fund and Venture Capital Fund × (Volatility of Tanglewood Fund × Volatility of Venture Capital Fund)Covariance of Tanglewood Fund and Venture Capital Fund = 0.2 × (25% × 80%)Covariance of Tanglewood Fund and Venture Capital Fund = 4%
Variance of Portfolio = w1² × (25%) + w2² × (80%) + 2w1w2 × (4%) Since the expected return of the portfolio is the weighted average of the expected return of each security in the portfolio, we can find the expected return of the portfolio as follows:Expected Return of Portfolio = w1 × Expected Return of Tanglewood Fund + w2 × Expected Return of Venture Capital FundSince the expected return of the portfolio is the required return, we can substitute this value in the above formula to find the weights of the securities in the portfolio:-
Required Return of Portfolio = w1 × 17.32% + w2 × 13.76%, But, w1 + w2 = 1
Substituting the value of w1 + w2 = 1 in the above formula, we get: Required Return of Portfolio = w1 × 17.32% + (1 - w1) × 13.76% Required Return of Portfolio = 13.76% + (17.32% - 13.76%) × w1 Required Return of Portfolio = 13.76% + 3.56% × w1 Since the variance of the portfolio is the sum of the weighted variances and covariance of each security in the portfolio, we can find the variance of the portfolio as follows:Variance of Portfolio = w1² × (25%) + (1 - w1)² × (80%) + 2w1 (1 - w1) × (4%)Variance of Portfolio = 25% w1² - 100% w1 + 80%Substituting the value of the required return of the portfolio in the above formula, we get:25%w1² - 100%w1 + 80% = [13.76% - 3.56%w1]² × [25% + 80% + 2 × 0.2 × 25% × 80%]25%w1² - 100% w1 + 80% = [10.20% + 4.96%w1 - 0.12%w1²] × [1.2]25%w1² - 100%w1 + 80% = 0.0123 w1² - 0.0595w1 + 0.0123
Solving this quadratic equation, we get: w1 = 0.276 or w1 = 1.416 Since the weight of a security cannot be greater than 1, the value of w1 = 1.416 is invalid. Therefore, the weight of Tanglewood Fund in the portfolio is 27.6% and the weight of Venture Capital Fund in the portfolio is 72.4%.
Therefore, the required return of the portfolio is: Required Return of Portfolio = 27.6% × 17.32% + 72.4% × 13.76% Required Return of Portfolio = 13.76% + 6.34% = 20.10%
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Retirement Income Streams
Debbie retires permanently at age 59, and immediately commences an account-based pension with her superannuation balance of $400,000 (includes a tax-free component of $50,000 and a taxed element of $350,000).
a.Calculate the minimum and maximum pension withdrawal she can make.
b. Calculate the net tax payable if she was to withdraw a pension of $20,000 this year.
c. If Debbie decides to withdraw a $250,000 lump sum to repay her mortgage prior to starting the pension, calculate the lump sum tax.
a. the maximum pension withdrawal amount would be $40,000. b. Net tax payable is $6,037.50. c. the lump sum tax would be $32,812.50.
a. The minimum and maximum pension withdrawal amounts for Debbie can be calculated based on the government's prescribed minimum and maximum limits for account-based pensions.
The minimum pension withdrawal is determined by applying a percentage factor based on Debbie's age. Assuming she is aged 59, the minimum withdrawal factor is 4%. Therefore, the minimum pension withdrawal amount would be:
Minimum withdrawal = $400,000 * 4% = $16,000
The maximum pension withdrawal is calculated using the government's maximum limit. For individuals under 65 years of age, the maximum limit is 10% of the account balance. Therefore, the maximum pension withdrawal amount would be:
Maximum withdrawal = $400,000 * 10% = $40,000
b. To calculate the net tax payable on a pension withdrawal of $20,000, we need to consider Debbie's taxable and tax-free components. Since her superannuation balance includes a tax-free component of $50,000 and a taxed element of $350,000, we can assume that the $20,000 withdrawal is proportional to these components.
Taxable portion = (Taxed element / Superannuation balance) * Withdrawal amount
Tax-free portion = (Tax-free component / Superannuation balance) * Withdrawal amount
Taxable portion = ($350,000 / $400,000) * $20,000 = $17,500
Tax-free portion = ($50,000 / $400,000) * $20,000 = $2,500
Based on Debbie's taxable income and the applicable tax rates, we can calculate the net tax payable. Assuming a marginal tax rate of 32.5% and including the Medicare Levy of 2%, the net tax payable would be:
Net tax payable = Taxable portion * Marginal tax rate + Medicare Levy
Net tax payable = $17,500 * 32.5% + $17,500 * 2% = $5,687.50 + $350 = $6,037.50
c. If Debbie decides to withdraw a lump sum of $250,000 to repay her mortgage before starting the pension, the lump sum will be subject to tax. The tax on lump sum withdrawals depends on the components of the superannuation balance and the preservation age.
Since Debbie is retiring permanently at age 59, her preservation age has been reached. The taxable portion of the lump sum withdrawal is calculated as:
Taxable portion = (Taxed element / Superannuation balance) * Withdrawal amount
Taxable portion = ($350,000 / $400,000) * $250,000 = $218,750
To calculate the lump sum tax, we need to apply the super lump sum tax rates. Assuming the taxable portion exceeds the low rate cap threshold of $225,000, the tax rate is 15% for the portion above the threshold. Therefore, the lump sum tax would be:
Lump sum tax = Taxable portion * Tax rate
Lump sum tax = $218,750 * 15% = $32,812.50
Please note that tax rates and thresholds may vary, and it is important to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional for accurate and up-to-date information regarding retirement income streams and tax implications.
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Stock splits and stock dividends ________________ the number of shares outstanding a decrease b. do not change c. increase d. a or b
Stock splits and stock dividends increase the number of shares outstanding. For example, a company may issue a 5% stock dividend, which means that for every 20 shares an investor owns, they receive one additional share. Like a stock split, this does not affect the overall value of the company.
Stock splits and stock dividends increase the number of shares outstanding. In a stock split, the company divides its existing shares into multiple shares. For example, in a 2-for-1 stock split, for every one share an investor owns, they receive two shares. This increases the total number of shares outstanding, but does not affect the overall value of the company.Stock dividends also increase the number of shares outstanding. In a stock dividend, the company distributes additional shares of stock to existing shareholders.
In finance, a stock split or share split is a corporate action in which a firm divides its existing shares into several shares to increase the liquidity of the shares. Although the number of outstanding shares has increased by a specific multiple, the total dollar value of the shares remains the same compared to the value before the split. For instance, in a 2-for-1 stock split, an investor holding 100 shares would receive an additional 100 shares, resulting in a total of 200 shares. However, the company's overall market capitalization remains the same.In contrast, a stock dividend is a payment made by a company to its shareholders in the form of additional shares of stock rather than cash. The number of outstanding shares increases as a result of a stock dividend, which is typically proportional to the number of shares held. For example, if an investor owns 1,000 shares and the company declares a 10% stock dividend, they will receive an additional 100 shares. The overall value of the shares does not change as a result of the dividend because the price per share is reduced proportionately to the increase in shares.
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Why e-commerce is popular in current time? Argue your answer with example.
E-commerce fundamentally refers to the exchange of goods, services, and information between computers connected to the internet. A person may interact with clients from all over the world through an e-commerce platform.
Over the internet, people conduct transactions for the purchase and sale of products and services. E-commerce has grown incredibly popular due to its simplicity and convenience. The COVID-19 crisis accelerated e-commerce's expansion into new markets, sectors, and product lines. Businesses have been able to carry on despite contact restrictions and other restrictions, and consumers now have access to a variety of goods from the convenience and security of their homes.
The COVID-19 epidemic is sometimes cited as the cause of the enormous increase in popularity of online purchasing. Although it is not wholly false to state that the COVID-19 epidemic accelerated the expansion of e-commerce, it would be naïve to claim that it was the only factor in this development.
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The credit cards:
a. they are part of M2.
b. they are not considered part of the definition of money.
c. They are known as term deposit accounts.
d. they are the fastest growing component of the money supply.
b is correct: credit cards are not considered part of the definition of money.
Credit cards themselves are not considered part of the definition of money. In the traditional definition of money, known as the money supply, money typically consists of currency (notes and coins) in circulation and demand deposits (checking accounts) held by individuals and businesses. These components are part of the narrow money supply measure, known as M1.
Credit cards, on the other hand, represent a form of borrowing or credit rather than a medium of exchange or store of value. While credit cards facilitate transactions and allow individuals to make purchases, the actual funds used in those transactions come from credit lines or borrowing from financial institutions. Credit cards are a convenient payment tool but are not considered part of the core definition of money.
Therefore, option b is correct: credit cards are not considered part of the definition of money.
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The following regression output estimates restaurant weekly sales in ($000s) based on how long the restaurant has been at its location in months (Age), whether it is open on the weekend (Weekend), how many hours per week it is open (Hours), and the number of stars it has on its reviews on Yelp (Yelp).
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat
Intercept 4.512 2.911 xxx
Age 0.191 0.079 xxx
Weekend 2.576 1.263 xxx
Hours 0.586 0.335 xxx
Yelp 1.578 0.602 xxx
Based on this output, which statement below is the most accurate regarding the significance of the Hours coefficient?
Please use the following z-scores:
z-score for a 99% CI = 2.58
z-score for a 98% CI = 2.33
z-score for a 95% CI = 1.96
z-score for a 90% CI = 1.64
Group of answer choices
It is not significant at the 10% level of significance
It is significant at the 10%, 5%, 2% and 1% level of significance
It is significant at the 10%, 5% and 2% level of significance, but is not significant at the 1% level of significance
It is significant at the 10% level of significance, but is not significant at the 5%, 2% or 1% level of significance
It is significant at the 10% and 5% level of significance, but is not significant at the 2% or 1% level of significance
It is not significant at the 10% level of significance.
To determine the significance of the Hours coefficient, we need to compare the t-statistic for Hours with the critical value corresponding to the desired level of significance.
From the provided information, the t-statistic for the Hours coefficient is not provided. Without the t-statistic, we cannot make a direct determination of its significance. The information provided only includes the coefficient estimates and standard errors.
Therefore, based on the given regression output, it is not possible to accurately determine the significance of the Hours coefficient at any level of significance.
Without the t-statistic, we cannot determine the significance of the Hours coefficient. Therefore, none of the provided answer choices accurately describes its significance.
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Q: Identify the four factors that influence the required level
of safety inventory?
Q: Supply chains use a combination of the following modes of
transportation? Hint: there's 5
The four factors that influence the required level of safety inventory are:
Demand VariabilityLead Time VariabilityService Level GoalsSupply Chain DisruptionsSupply chains are a combination of :
TruckingRail Air Water Pipeline What affects the required level of safety inventory?The degree of fluctuation in customer demand for a product affects the required level of safety inventory. Variations in the time it takes for suppliers to deliver materials or finished products can impact safety inventory requirements.
The desired level of customer service or the service level goals set by the organization influence the required safety inventory level. The risk of potential disruptions in the supply chain, such as natural disasters, labor strikes, or supplier failures, can impact safety inventory requirements.
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In 150-200 words, describe a case in which specialization and international trade might benefit all participants.
One case where specialization and international trade can benefit all participants is in the production and trade of agricultural goods. Let's consider the hypothetical scenario of two countries: Country A and Country B.
Country A has a favorable climate and fertile soil for growing wheat, while Country B has ideal conditions for producing bananas. Both countries have the ability to produce both wheat and bananas, but each country has a comparative advantage in one of the two products.
If Country A specializes in the production of wheat and Country B specializes in the production of bananas, they can achieve greater efficiency and productivity. Country A can allocate its resources and invest in technologies and practices that maximize wheat production, while Country B can focus on improving banana cultivation methods. This specialization allows both countries to produce their respective goods at a lower cost, making them more competitive in the global market.
Through international trade, Country A can export its surplus of wheat to Country B, while Country B exports its surplus of bananas to Country A. This exchange of goods benefits both countries. Country A gains access to a variety of affordable bananas that it cannot produce as efficiently, and Country B can enjoy a diverse and cost-effective supply of wheat.
Specialization and international trade in this case lead to several advantages. Firstly, consumers in both countries benefit from lower prices and a wider variety of goods. They can enjoy the abundance of affordable bananas and wheat that would not be possible without specialization and trade.
Secondly, specialization allows countries to focus their resources on areas where they have a comparative advantage, leading to higher productivity and economic growth. This can result in increased employment opportunities and improved living standards.
Lastly, specialization and trade foster interdependence and cooperation between countries. By relying on each other's strengths, countries recognize the mutual benefits of cooperation, leading to diplomatic and economic ties that promote peace and stability.
In conclusion, specialization and international trade can be mutually beneficial when countries focus on producing goods in which they have a comparative advantage. The case of agricultural goods exemplifies how specialization leads to efficiency, productivity, lower costs, and a wider range of goods for consumers. Furthermore, it promotes economic growth, employment, and interdependence between countries, ultimately contributing to global prosperity.
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Explain how signaling devices (e.g., containers or cards) are used in a Kanban system (Hint: recall the Kanban pull demo shown in the class meeting) (5 points) A common problem that many drivers encounter is a car that will not start. In practice, we may create a fishbone diagram to assist in diagnosing the potential causes of this problem. List five or more possible causes that you will show on the fishbone diagram. (5 points) Note: only a list of possible causes is required. No need to draw a fishbone diagram here.
In a Kanban system, signaling devices such as containers or cards are used to regulate the flow of materials or work items within a production or service process. These devices play a crucial role in visualizing the status of inventory and triggering replenishment or production activities. Here's how signaling devices are used in a Kanban system:
Container-based Kanban: Each container represents a specific quantity of items, and the number of containers is limited. When a container is emptied, it becomes a signal to the upstream process to produce or deliver more items. The empty container is returned to the upstream process to initiate the replenishment cycle. Card-based Kanban: Instead of physical containers, cards or tickets are used as signals. Each card represents a specific item or work order. When a downstream process requires more items, it sends the corresponding card back to the upstream process, signaling the need for replenishment. Visual Kanban Boards: Visual boards are used to display the status of work items, tasks, or projects. Each work item is represented by a card or sticky note on the board. As work progresses, cards are moved across different columns, indicating their current status (e.g., to-do, in-progress, completed). This visual representation helps teams understand the workflow, identify bottlenecks, and prioritize work. Electronic Kanban Systems: In modern Kanban implementations, electronic systems or software are used instead of physical cards or containers. These systems provide real-time visibility of inventory levels, automatically trigger replenishment signals, and enable efficient tracking and management of work items. wo-bin System: In this variation of container-based Kanban, two bins are used for each item. One bin is actively used, while the other serves as a signal for replenishment. When the active bin is emptied, the empty bin is taken as a signal to replenish the inventory.
Possible causes of a car not starting (fishbone diagram):
Battery issues (dead battery, faulty connections)
Fuel system problems (empty fuel tank, fuel pump failure)
Ignition system failure (faulty spark plugs, ignition coil issues)
Starter motor malfunction
Alternator failure (not charging the battery)
Faulty wiring or electrical issues
Failed sensors (crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor)
Engine immobilizer system activation
Faulty ignition switch
Issues with the fuel injectors
Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and there could be other potential causes depending on the specific circumstances of the car not starting.
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Write a litterrature review on how the corona virus interrupted traditional business models and drove technological innovation along food supply chains.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on traditional business models all over the world, especially in the food sector. COVID-19, which has spread rapidly, has disrupted every aspect of people's lives, including supply chains and business models.
In this literature review, we will discuss how the corona virus disrupted traditional business models and drove technological innovation along food supply chains.COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the global food industry's supply chain. The main reason for this is the inability to meet supply and demand due to disruptions in transportation and logistics, factory closures, and labor shortages.
As a result, food prices have increased significantly. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a food crisis, which has prompted food producers, suppliers, and distributors to look for new ways to maintain and improve food production and distribution systems. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been rapidly transformed into an e-commerce environment. This pandemic has resulted in a shift in people's behaviors and attitudes toward online shopping. With this shift, more people are ordering food online, which has led to a rise in food e-commerce platforms. These platforms have revolutionized the way food is produced, processed, and distributed, resulting in significant changes in the food supply chain. With the help of e-commerce, farmers, producers, and distributors can connect directly with consumers and sell their goods without intermediaries. Food delivery companies like UberEats, DoorDash, and Grubhub have also grown significantly during this pandemic, offering customers a convenient way to order food online and have it delivered directly to their doorsteps. These food delivery companies have become critical players in the food supply chain, allowing customers to access food from the safety of their homes. Additionally, food producers and suppliers are increasingly using technology to automate their processes, improve food safety, and reduce the risk of contamination. For instance, AI-enabled robots and drones are being used to monitor food production processes, detect contaminants, and reduce waste. This technological innovation has helped to streamline the food supply chain, making it more efficient and resilient to disruptions caused by future pandemics. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the food industry's traditional business models. However, it has also provided an opportunity for technological innovation along food supply chains. E-commerce platforms and food delivery services are transforming the food supply chain by providing consumers with access to food in a safe and convenient way. Additionally, the use of technology in food production and distribution is improving efficiency and reducing the risk of contamination. These developments suggest that the food supply chain is becoming more resilient and adaptable to future pandemics.
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The price of a bond is $1,290 which pays 7.5% coupon rate. Yield to maturity is 4.771%. Find how many years the bond is till maturity. 28 22 30 15 18
The bond has approximately 22 years till maturity.
To calculate the number of years till maturity, we can use the formula for the present value of a bond. Given that the bond price is $1,290, the coupon rate is 7.5%, and the yield to maturity is 4.771%, we can plug these values into the formula and solve for the number of years.
The formula is:
Bond price = (Coupon payment / (1 + Yield to maturity)^1) + (Coupon payment / (1 + Yield to maturity)^2) + ... + (Coupon payment + Face value / (1 + Yield to maturity)^n)
Where:
Coupon payment is the annual interest payment (coupon rate * face value),
Yield to maturity is the annualized rate of return, and
n is the number of years till maturity.
Plugging in the values and solving for n:
$1,290 = (0.075 * Face value / (1 + 0.04771)^1) + (0.075 * Face value / (1 + 0.04771)^2) + ... + (0.075 * Face value + Face value / (1 + 0.04771)^n)
By solving this equation, we find that n is approximately 22 years. Therefore, the bond has around 22 years till maturity.
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C&S Marketing (CSM) recently hired a new marketing director, Jeff Otos, for its downtown Minneapolis office. As part of the arrangement, CSM agreed on February 28, 2021, to advance Jeff $30,000 on a one-year, 7 percent note, with interest to be paid at maturity on February 28, 2022. CSM prepares financial statements on June 30 and December 31. Required: Prepare the journal entries that CSM will make: (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to whole dollar amount.) 1. When the note is established 2. Prepare the journal entries to accrue interest on June 30 and December 31. 3. to record the principal payment at the maturity date
When the note is established: Debit Notes Receivable $30,000 and Credit Cash $30,000.
Accrue interest on June 30 and December 31: Debit Interest Receivable and Credit Interest Revenue for the calculated interest amount.
Record the principal payment at the maturity date: Debit Notes Receivable $30,000, Debit Interest Receivable (if any), and Credit Cash $30,000 (principal payment + accrued interest).
When the note is established, CSM will debit Notes Receivable for $30,000, representing the amount owed by Jeff Otos, and credit Cash for $30,000, as CSM is advancing the money.
To accrue interest on June 30 and December 31, CSM will debit Interest Receivable and credit Interest Revenue for the calculated interest amount based on the principal, interest rate, and time.
At the maturity date, CSM will debit Notes Receivable for $30,000, debit Interest Receivable (if any), and credit Cash for $30,000, representing the principal payment plus any accrued interest. This completes the transaction.
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Exotica Ltd is investing in the production of a new watch. The revenue from this investment is $700, 000. Operating expenses is $500,000 and depreciation is $90,000. Tax rate is 30%. Based on the above information answer the following questions. a. Calculate earnings before interest and tax (EBIT). b. Calculate tax paid by Exotica Ltd. c. What is the profit for this investment?
a. Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is investment calculated by subtracting operating expenses and depreciation from revenue. In this case, EBIT = Revenue - Operating Expenses - Depreciation = $700,000 - $500,000 - $90,000 = $110,000.
The direct answer is that the EBIT is $110,000. EBIT is a measure of a company's profitability before considering interest expenses and taxes. It helps to assess the operating performance and efficiency of the business by excluding non-operating expenses. In this case, the revenue of $700,000 is reduced by $500,000 of operating expenses and $90,000 of depreciation, resulting in an EBIT of $110,000.
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there are three major types of evaluation: performance monitoring, process or formative evaluation, and outcome or summative evaluation. which of the following questions fits best with a process or formative evaluation?
a. process is to outcome.
b. constructive criticism is to final grades.
c. apples are to apple pies.
d. cancellation is to initiation.
Out of the following questions, the one that fits best with a process or formative evaluation is "process is to outcome. What is process or formative evaluation Formative evaluation, also known as process evaluation, is a type of evaluation that is carried out when the program is still in its development stage or early implementation stage.
The correct option is B .
Process evaluations are used to determine how and why the program was successful, the degree to which it was implemented as planned, and whether changes need to be made to improve performance.In the given options,"process is to outcome" fits best with a process or formative evaluation as it directly talks about the process and its outcome. It is crucial to have a clear idea of the process to achieve the expected outcome.
Hence, process evaluation is a critical step in ensuring that the program is successful. Formative evaluation, also known as process evaluation, is a type of evaluation that is carried out when the program is still in its development stage or early implementation stage. The goal is to determine whether or not the program is proceeding according to plan.
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Question 9 List the 4 parts of Medicare along with what is covered under each 4 pts Question 8 1 pts What is the definition of Secondary Care? O Follow up care such as surgical post-op care O Specialty referral care requiring highly specialized personnel and facilities O Specialized attention and ongoing management for people with special challenges due to chronic conditions es y Resources Question 7 What is meant by spectrum of healthcare 1 pts Question 6 What is meant by third-party payment? 1 pts
Question 6: Third-party payment is a term used in healthcare to describe when someone besides the patient pays for the healthcare services.
Examples include insurance companies, employers, and government programs like Medicare and Medicaid.
Question 7: The spectrum of healthcare is a range of healthcare services that vary in intensity and complexity. It starts from the basic preventive care to the most advanced medical treatments. The spectrum of healthcare is an overview of the healthcare system's range of services.
Question 8: Secondary care is defined as specialty referral care requiring highly specialized personnel and facilities. This type of care is provided by a specialist when a patient requires more specialized attention and ongoing management for people with special challenges due to chronic conditions.
It includes follow-up care such as surgical post-op care.
Question 9: The 4 parts of Medicare and what each part covers are as follows:
Part A (Hospital Insurance): It covers inpatient hospital stays, hospice care, skilled nursing facility care, and home health care.
Part B (Medical Insurance): It covers doctor's services, outpatient care, preventive services, and medical equipment.
Part C (Medicare Advantage): It offers an alternative way to receive Medicare benefits through private insurance companies that contract with Medicare. It includes all benefits and services covered under Parts A and B, and some additional benefits.
Part D (Prescription Drug Coverage): It covers prescription drugs and is available to everyone with Medicare.
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Mike's Bikes is looking at discontinuing production of
the time bike since sales have been going down over the last two
years and looking at this potential change in production the
relevant costs migh
Mike's Bikes is looking at discontinuing production of the time bike since sales have been going down over the last two years and looking at this potential change in production the relevant costs might include.
To make an informed decision, the management of Mike's Bikes must consider the relevant costs associated with the change in production.
In this case, the relevant cost would be any cost that would change due to the discontinuation of the production of the time bike. These costs may include:
The cost of the raw materials used in the production of the time bike.The cost of labor, including salaries and wages, benefits, and training.The cost of any equipment or machinery used to produce the time bike.The cost of storage and warehousing for the time bike.The cost of any marketing or advertising associated with the time bike.The cost of any warranty or service agreements that may need to be honored after the production of the time bike is discontinued.All of these costs would need to be analyzed and compared to the savings that would be achieved by discontinuing production of the time bike. The difference between the two would determine whether discontinuing the production of the time bike is a financially viable option for Mike's Bikes.
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On the first day of the current fiscal year, $1,500,000 of 10-year, 8% bonds, with interest payable semiannually, were sold for $1,225,000. Present entries to record the following transactions for the current fiscal year: a. Issuance of the bonds. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. b. First semiannual interest payment (record as separate entry from discount amortization). c. Amortization of bond discount for the year, using the straight-line method of amortization.
The straight-line method of amortization is calculated as follows: ($1,500,000 − $1,225,000) ÷ 20 = $13,750.
a. Issuance of the bonds: On the first day of the current fiscal year, bonds of 10 years, 8% with interest payable semiannually, were sold for $1,225,000.
The number of bonds sold is calculated by dividing the proceeds from the sale by the issue price of the bond. The issue price of the bonds is the price for which the bonds were sold.
Therefore, the number of bonds sold is given by: $1,225,000 ÷ $1,500,000 = 0.8166666666666667.
The entry to record the issuance of the bonds is: Cash $1,225,000 Discount on Bonds Payable $274,830 Bonds Payable $1,500,000 ($1,500,000 x 0.8167 = $1,225,000)
b. First semiannual interest payment (record as separate entry from discount amortization): The interest on the bonds is payable semi-annually.
Therefore, the bondholders will receive an interest of $1,500,000 x 8% x 6/12 = $60,000 every six months.
The entry to record the first semiannual interest payment is: Interest Expense $60,000 Cash $60,000c. Amortization of bond discount for the year, using the straight-line method of amortization:
The bond discount is the difference between the issue price of the bond and the face value of the bond. It is amortized over the life of the bond using the straight-line method of amortization.
The entry to record the amortization of bond discount is: Discount on Bonds Payable $13,750 Interest Expense $13,750.
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Based on the content in this module and in the video, discuss the elements involved in CAT's production process by addressing the following:
Summarize the type of production utilized (e.g. mass production, mass customization or customization). Provide one example of the type utilized.
Describe two examples of raw materials utilized to make an excavator that you observed.
Describe two examples of technology utilized to make an excavator that you observed."
Caterpillar or CAT is a company that is primarily involved in the manufacturing of construction equipment, such as excavators, bulldozers, and dump trucks. Based on the content of the module and video, the following are the elements involved in CAT's production process:
Production type utilized:CAT uses mass production to produce excavators. Mass production is a process whereby a large number of identical products are produced at a high rate. As an example, CAT produces excavators in large quantities, using the same design and materials. Two examples of raw materials utilized to make an excavator that I observed are: Steel is a significant raw material utilized in the production of CAT's excavators. The steel is used to form the various components of the excavator, such as the tracks and the arm. Aluminum is also utilized to create the excavator cab and some of the other minor components.Technology utilized to make an excavator that I observed:CAT uses advanced technology in its manufacturing processes to create high-quality excavators. Two examples of technology utilized to make an excavator that I observed include:CAT uses automated welding machines to weld the various components of the excavator together. This results in a consistent and strong weld that is difficult to achieve by hand. CAT's excavators are designed and engineered using 3D modeling software, which allows for precise and accurate design of the machine's components. This software can also simulate the performance of the excavator in a virtual environment, which helps to refine the design and improve its efficiency.
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It was agreed that Philip's old loan of RM8,000 should be repaid to her on 31 May 2018, but any further amount owing to her as a result of the dissolution of the partnership should be left as a long-term loan in the books of the new partnership. 5. The partner's current accounts were to be closed and any balances on them as at 31 May 2018 were to be transferred to their respective capital accounts. Required: (a) Prepare the revaluation account as at 31 May 2018. (b) Prepare the partners' capital accounts as at the date of changes in the partnership and bring down any balances on them in the books of the new partnership.
(a) Revaluation Account for the year ending 31 May 2018:Particulars Amount RM Amount RM Stock (as at 31 May 2018) 34,200Less: Cost of sales (14,000)20,200 Equipment (written down value as at 31 May 2018) 54,000Less: Depreciation (12,000 + 6,000) (18,000)36,000 Building (revalued on 31 May 2018) 175,000Add: Additional revaluation (175,000 – 160,000) 15,000190,000 Goodwill (not revalued) 60,000Total 306,200 306,200
(b) Partners' Capital Accounts: Philip RM RM RM Balance b/d 10,0000.5A's share of profits (W1)5,100 15,100 B's share of profits (W1)3,400 Balance c/d (W2)22,500 31,000 W1: Calculation of the profit-sharing ratio: A = 30% (150,000/500,000) = 0.3B = 20% (100,000/500,000) = 0.2 Philip = 1 – A – B = 1 – 0.3 – 0.2 = 0.5 W2: Calculation of the balances on capital accounts: A 85,000 B 65,000 Philip 10,000 160,000Less: Balances to be transferred to respective capital accounts as at 31 May 2018: A (W3) 4,000 B (W3) 2,000 (6,000)Balances to be brought down on 1 June 2018 154,000 W3: Calculation of the amount to be transferred to respective capital accounts: A: Current account (31 May 2018) 9,000Less: Transferred to capital account (4,000) Balance b/d (1 June 2018) 5,000 B: Current account (31 May 2018) 7,000Less: Transferred to capital account (2,000) Balance b/d (1 June 2018) 5,000
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(a) The Revaluation Account for the fiscal year that ended on May 31, 2018:Particulars Amount Amount in RM RM Stock as of May 31, 2018 Cost of sales (14,000) is 34,200 less.20,200 Equipment (20,200 Equipment written off as of May 31, 2018) Depreciation (12,000 + 6,000) = 54,000Less (18,000)(36,000 Building; updated as of May 31, 2018) 175,000Add: Revalorization in addition (175,000 – 160,000) 15,000190,000 (No revaluation of goodwill) 60,000Total 306,200 306,200
(a) Capital Accounts for Partners: Philip RM RM Profits from 10,0000.5A's balance in RM (W1)Share of earnings due to B of 5,100,15,000 (W1)3,400 c/d Balance (W2)22,500 31,000 W1: Determining the profit-sharing percentage Philip = 1 - A - B = 1 - 0.3 - 0.2 = 0.5 A = 30% (150,000/500,000) = 0.3 B = 20% (100,000/500,000) = 0.2 W2: Capital account balances are computed. An 85,000 B 65,000 10,000 to 160,000 PhilipLess: Balances will be moved to the appropriate capital.
The owners of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities may have positive or negative holding gains over the accounting period, and these profits are recorded in the revaluation account.
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Select two line-items from the Balance Sheet that directly connect (or articulate) to the Financing Activities Segment of the Statement of Cash Flows. (Hint: Changes in…)
Group of answer choices
Common Equity/Stock
Inventory and Intangibles
Accruals Receivable/Accruals Payable
Gross Fixed Assets/PPE
Short-term Investments/Marketable Securities
Notes Payable
The Balance Sheet directly connects to the financing activities segment of the Statement of Cash Flows in different ways. The Balance Sheet has to be considered while creating the Statement of Cash Flows. Financing activities involve raising the capital required for business activities.
This is done in different ways, including borrowing, issuing stock, and paying dividends. The Balance Sheet reflects the position of the company at a specific time. Some of the line-items from the Balance Sheet that directly connect to the financing activities segment of the Statement of Cash Flows are described below: Notes Payable - Notes payable refers to the short-term or long-term liabilities that the company needs to pay for borrowing money from banks and other sources. It appears in the Balance Sheet as a current or long-term liability. Common Equity/Stock - Common Equity or Stock is an important component of financing activities. The amount of equity held by the common shareholders of the company can be obtained from the Balance Sheet. It can be used for paying dividends and can also be diluted if new shares are issued. In this way, changes in equity are reflected in the financing activities segment of the Statement of Cash Flow . In conclusion, Notes Payable and Common Equity/Stock are two line-items from the Balance Sheet that directly connect (or articulate) to the Financing Activities Segment of the Statement of Cash Flows.
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The stock of Payout Corporation will go ex-dividend tomorrow. The dividend will be $0.65 per share, and there are 29,000 shares of stock outstanding. The market-value balance sheet for Payout is shown below. Ignore taxes. Assets Cash Fixed assets : $ 180,000 ; 980,000 a. Price b. Price Liabilities and Equity Equity $ 1,160,000 a. What price is Payout stock selling for today? b. What price will it sell for tomorrow? Note - For all requirements, round your answer to 2 decimal places.
a. To determine the price at which Payout stock is selling today, we need to calculate the market value per share by dividing the equity by the number of shares outstanding:
Market value per share = Equity / Number of shares outstanding
Market value per share = $1,160,000 / 29,000 shares
Market value per share ≈ $40.00
Therefore, Payout stock is selling for approximately $40.00 per share today.
b. After the dividend goes ex-dividend tomorrow, the stock price will typically decrease by the amount of the dividend. Therefore, the price at which Payout stock will sell for tomorrow can be calculated by subtracting the dividend per share from the current market value per share:
Price tomorrow = Price today - Dividend per share
Price tomorrow = $40.00 - $0.65
Price tomorrow ≈ $39.35
Therefore, Payout stock is expected to sell for approximately $39.35 per share tomorrow.
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Beka Corporation has been operating for almost 10 years now. After five years of operation, it started borrowing money from the bank yearly to keep its business going. Due to the global crisis and the weakening of the Philippine economy, the company failed to pay its debt to the bank. Because of this situation, the bank sued the company. The company decided to cut down its expenses by having a mass lay-off of its employees in order to cope with the demands of the bank. But certain groups of employees opposed the idea so they initiated a dialogue with the management. They said that they prefer a salary below the minimum wage rather than to lose their jobs especially in these times. However, the management told them that this is against the law and that the company might face criminal offense. Still the employees continued to plead until the company gave in. As a consequence, the company told the employees that they would have to sign a document stating that they actually received the right wage to make it appear that the company is paying the right amount of wage to them.
Question: The employees insisted on what was legally wrong. Is this action morally justified? Explain your answer.
The employees' insistence on receiving a salary below the minimum wage, even if it goes against the law, is not morally justified.
While the employees' concerns about losing their jobs are understandable, their insistence on accepting a salary below the minimum wage, even if it involves deception, is not morally justified. Morality is based on principles of fairness, justice, and adherence to the law. Paying employees below the minimum wage violates these principles and undermines the rights and well-being of the workers. It is important to recognize that the company's financial difficulties do not justify unethical behavior. Instead, alternative solutions should be explored, such as negotiating with the bank, seeking government assistance, or finding ways to cut expenses without compromising the legal and ethical obligations of employees.
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Unionists at the Georgia Secession Convention were eager to defend slavery against Northern interference
A. True
B. False
The statement is false. Unionists at the Georgia Secession Convention were not eager to defend slavery against Northern interference.
In fact, the Unionists in statement were opposed to secession and believed in maintaining the Union. They did not view slavery as a fundamental issue worth breaking away from the United States. The Unionists argued for finding peaceful resolutions to the conflicts between the North and the South and believed that secession would only lead to further divisions and conflicts. Therefore, they did not have the intention of defending slavery against Northern interference but rather sought to preserve the unity of the country.
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7. Sunshine company produces oranges. In Spring, Sunshine needs to contract with Moonlight company to sell all the oranges, which will be harvested in Fall. The quantity of oranges is uncertain and follows a normal distribution with a mean of 500 tons and a standard deviation of 100 tons. For the current contract, Sunshine must specify how many tons it promises to sell to Moonlight in the Fall. Sunshine is prohibited to sell to anyone else. The selling price for each ton of oranges is $100, and Sunshine will pay a penalty of $100 for each ton that is short of what it promises to deliver. Moonlight will not purchase any amount that is more than the promised number. Assume that the cost for processing oranges is simplified to 0. (a) How much should Sunshine company promise to sell and deliver to Moonlight? An error within +5 is allowed. (4 points) (b) Suppose when Sunshine cannot harvest and process up to the amount they promise to deliver, they can make up for the shortfall by buying from another grower at a price of $140. How much should Sunshine promise to sell and deliver? An error within 65 is allowed. (4 points) (c) Forget about the assumptions in (b). Suppose for any amount that is more than the promised number, Moonlight is willing to pay $50 for each ton. How much should Sunshine promise to sell and deliver? An error within +5 is allowed.
the promised quantity of oranges should satisfy the equation:( − 500)/100 = 1.65 − 0.95Solving for , = 558 tonsRounded to the nearest integer, Sunshine company should promise to sell and deliver 558 tons of oranges to Moonlight company.
(a) To calculate the amount of oranges that Sunshine company should promise to sell and deliver to Moonlight company, it is necessary to calculate the expected value of the normal distribution given that the mean is 500 tons and the standard deviation is 100 tons. Then, Sunshine company should promise to sell to Moonlight company the expected value rounded to the nearest integer.Basically, the expected value is a weighted average of all possible values. In this case, the normal distribution has a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. Therefore, the expected value is:() = = 500 tonsSince the expected value is 500 tons, this is the amount of oranges that Sunshine company should promise to sell and deliver to Moonlight company, rounded to the nearest integer: 500 tons.(b) If Sunshine company makes up for the shortfall by buying from another grower at a price of $140, then the expected penalty is:Expected penalty = Probability of shortfall x PenaltyIf is the probability of shortfall, then the expected penalty is:Expected penalty = × = × ($100 + $40) = × $140The probability of shortfall can be calculated as follows: = ( < )where is the normal random variable representing the quantity of oranges harvested and is the amount of oranges that Sunshine company promises to deliver.Using the standard normal distribution, the probability of shortfall is: = ( < ( − )/)where is the standard normal random variable and = 500 tons and = 100 tons.From the standard normal distribution table, the value corresponding to = 0.65 is 0.7422.
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