(a)With discount rates of 5% for Dakota Bank and 20% for Bank Nevada, the final outcome sees Dakota Bank receiving approximately $44.43 million, while Bank Nevada ends up with around $5.57 million. (b) If the negotiation could be extended indefinitely, it would likely lead to a different outcome.
To determine the amount each bank will receive, we need to consider the present value of the offers made during the negotiation. The discount rates reflect the banks' time preferences and the opportunity costs of waiting for the money. The present value formula is used to calculate the current worth of future cash flows.
On day 1, Dakota Bank makes an offer based on a specific split. The present value of this offer for Dakota Bank, using a discount rate of 5%, is approximately $47.62 million. Bank Nevada rejects the offer and makes a counteroffer on day 2. The present value of Bank Nevada's counteroffer, considering their 20% discount rate, is approximately $5.21 million.
If Bank Nevada rejects the counteroffer, Dakota Bank makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer on day 3. Considering their discount rate of 5%, the present value of Dakota Bank's final offer is approximately $44.43 million. Since Bank Nevada accepts this offer, the negotiation ends, and the banks divide the money accordingly.
If the negotiation could be extended indefinitely, it would likely lead to a different outcome. The time value of money, reflected in the discount rates, affects the present value of the offers. Bank Nevada's higher discount rate of 20% implies a greater time preference and a higher opportunity cost of waiting. If the negotiation extended indefinitely, Bank Nevada's impatience may result in them accepting a lower offer from Dakota Bank sooner, potentially altering the final outcome in favor of Dakota Bank.
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System conversion is a major activity for the new system and needs to be managed carefully. Amount the four approaches, discuss the risks and benefits of going for a big bang conversion versus using the phased or parallel approaches.
System conversion is a critical phase of implementing a new system, and it needs to be managed with utmost care. Four main approaches that organizations follow are phased, parallel, pilot, and big bang. A big bang approach refers to a complete and instant changeover of the existing system to the new system.
A big bang approach can be beneficial because it is quick and requires fewer resources. This approach is ideal when a company has a small IT staff and fewer resources at its disposal. However, it carries a significant amount of risk. It's a one-shot event that can result in loss of data, significant business disruption, and damage to the brand reputation if things don't go as planned.
The phased and parallel approaches, on the other hand, have lower risk levels and provide an opportunity for the IT team to test the system thoroughly before rolling it out. The phased approach is a more measured way of implementing the new system by breaking it down into smaller components or modules.
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Which of the following action by an insurance producer is NOT considered rebating?
A. Providing an insured a monetary inducement to purchase insurance
B. Returning part of the premium to an insured
C. Returning the producer's commission to an insured
D. Giving one insured a lower rate than another
An insurance producer who provides an insured with a monetary inducement to purchase insurance is considered rebating, and the correct option is (D) action that is not considered rebating is "giving one insured a lower rate than another.
"Rebating is an illegal practice in which an insurance producer or other insurance agent provides a policyholder or potential policyholder with some type of monetary benefit in order to induce the individual to purchase insurance from them.
A policyholder may file a complaint if they believe they are a victim of rebating by an insurance producer. Rebating is not the same as giving discounts to policyholders based on factors such as age, gender, or a policyholder's claim history.
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Question 2:
A). Compare and contrast CARICOM and CSME. (4
marks)
B). What is CARICOM doing to align the tax policies among its
member countries? (13 marks)
A) CARICOM is a regional integration initiative, while CSME is a subset within CARICOM focusing on deeper economic integration.
B) CARICOM is working on harmonizing tax laws, implementing a Double Taxation Agreement, and establishing a common external tariff.
A) CARICOM:
1. CARICOM was established in 1973 with the goal of promoting economic integration and cooperation among its member countries.
2. It focuses on enhancing economic cooperation, coordination of foreign policy, and functional cooperation in areas such as health, education, and security.
3. CARICOM provides a platform for dialogue and decision-making among member countries on regional issues.
4. It has a broader membership, with 15 member countries including larger and smaller Caribbean nations.
CSME:
1. CSME is a subset of CARICOM and represents a deeper level of integration within the community.
2. It aims to establish a single market and economy among participating member states.
3. CSME seeks to facilitate the free movement of goods, services, capital, and skilled labor within the region.
4. It includes measures such as harmonizing trade policies, adopting a common external tariff, and establishing a common currency.
B) CARICOM recognizes the importance of aligning tax policies among its member countries to promote economic integration and create a level playing field. Here are some of the initiatives and measures undertaken by CARICOM to achieve tax policy alignment:
1. CARICOM Double Taxation Agreement:
CARICOM member countries have signed a Double Taxation Agreement to prevent the double taxation of individuals and businesses engaged in cross-border activities.
2. Common External Tariff (CET):
CARICOM member countries have adopted a CET, which is a common tariff structure applied to goods imported from countries outside the community.
3. Harmonization of Tax Laws and Regulations:
CARICOM has been working towards harmonizing tax laws and regulations among member countries.
4. CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME):
CSME, a subset of CARICOM, aims to establish a single market and economy among participating member states.
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Good Luck Limited manufactures and markets an USB product which they sell for $90 per unit. Current sales and production volume is 200,000 units per month which represents 80% of the production capacity. Total cost for the last month was $14,000,000 of which $4,000,000 were fixed costs. This represented a total cost of $70 per unit. They have been approached by two customers for special production order: (1) Customer A offers to buy additional 50,000 units of product per month for a unit price of S65 per unit. (2) Customer B offers to buy 100,000 units of products per month at a price of $100 per unit, with a requirement of changing the outer shell design to make the product look more appealing to users. In order to perform the change, Good Luck Limited would need to incur additional $1,000,000 fixed cost per month When considering the two separate offers, Good Luck Limited decides that current production for existing customers should be maintained and should not be reduced. REQUIRED: (a ten aco ac (d) Suggest SIX possible factors that need to be considered before accepting the special order from customer A
Any such agreement could affect the existing customer's relationships with the company, which could negatively affect the business.
Before accepting the special order from Customer A, Good Luck Limited must consider six possible factors. These factors are mentioned below:
Profitability: The first thing to consider is the profitability of the special order from customer A. The unit price of S65 is less than the current price of $90 per unit. Good Luck Limited needs to evaluate whether it would be profitable to sell the USB product at this lower price.
Capacity Utilization: The existing production volume is already at 80% of capacity. Good Luck Limited needs to assess whether it has enough capacity to fulfill the additional order from customer A and if it can produce these extra units efficiently. This factor is significant as additional production can lead to increased costs.
Time Constraints: Good Luck Limited needs to analyze whether it has enough time to fulfill the additional order from customer A without impacting the existing customers’ orders. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that the order is fulfilled within the agreed time limit.
Design and Development Cost: If the product design needs to be changed, as per the requirements of customer A, Good Luck Limited would need to incur additional costs. Hence, it must evaluate the additional costs involved and see if they outweigh the potential profits from this deal.
Quality Control: If Good Luck Limited decides to accept the special order, it needs to ensure that the product quality and reliability are maintained at the same level. The company must not compromise on its existing customer's expectations.
Other Agreements: Before accepting the order, Good Luck Limited must also evaluate if there are any agreements with its existing customers or suppliers that could be impacted by this deal. Any such agreement could affect the existing customer's relationships with the company, which could negatively affect the business.
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How do you understand the definition of international
news? what is the denotive and connotative meaning of international
news?(3000words)
The definition of international news refers to the communication of information on world events that may have political, economic, or social significance.
International news is primarily concerned with developments that are occurring beyond national borders and affect many people globally.
Denotative meaning of International news: International news connotes the fact that the news originated from a source located outside the country where it is being broadcasted. It has a denotative meaning of being outside the country of origin of the media that is broadcasting it.
The term "International" refers to anything that is between or among two or more countries. It describes global events that have far-reaching consequences and impact.
Examples of international news would be developments in the United Nations, Brexit, or even something as simple as global warming.
Connotative meaning of International news: The connotative meaning of international news is that the news can be beneficial or harmful, depending on how it is reported.
International news connotes the power of language to shape perception and create meaning. It can be a tool for shaping public opinion, affecting political decision-making, and raising awareness of important issues.
News coverage may be subjective and biased or factual and objective, depending on the interests and motives of the media outlet or journalist involved.
The connotative meaning of international news is based on how the news is perceived, the reactions it generates and how it is communicated to the public.
International news may influence the public’s understanding of foreign countries and cultures. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind the cultural, economic, and political differences of countries when reporting on international events.
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select all that apply. what are key revenue drivers?
group of answer choices
a. price
b. managers
c. frequency
d. customers
The key revenue drivers among the given options are:
a. price
c. frequency
d. customers
Which are the revenue drivers?a. Price: The price at which a product or service is sold directly impacts the revenue generated. Higher prices generally result in higher revenue per unit, assuming demand remains constant.
c. Frequency: The frequency at which customers make purchases or utilize a service can significantly impact revenue. Higher purchase frequency leads to increased revenue.
d. Customers: The number of customers or clients an entity has directly affects revenue. More customers typically translate to higher revenue, especially when combined with customer retention and repeat business.
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Simon recently received a credit card with a 15% nominal interest rate. With the card, he purchased an Apple iPhone 7 for $371.18. The minimum payment on the card is only $10 per month. a. If Simon makes the minimum monthly payment and makes no other charges, how many months will it be before he pays off the card? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole number. .........month(s) b. If Simon makes monthly payments of $35, how many months will it be before he pays off the debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole number............ month(s) c. How much more in total payments will Simon make under the $10-a-month plan than under the $35-a-month plan. ......$
a. To calculate the number of months it will take for Simon to pay off the card by making the minimum monthly payment, we can use the formula for the number of periods in an annuity:
Number of periods = -log(1 - (r * PV) / PMT) / log(1 + r)
Where:
r = interest rate per period (15% nominal rate / 12 months = 1.25%)
PV = present value of the debt ($371.18)
PMT = monthly payment ($10)
Plugging in the values, we have:
Number of periods = -log(1 - (0.0125 * 371.18) / 10) / log(1 + 0.0125)
Calculating this expression gives us approximately 90.24 months. Rounded to the nearest whole number, it will take Simon 90 months to pay off the card by making the minimum monthly payment.
b. Using the same formula, but now with a monthly payment of $35, we have:
Number of periods = -log(1 - (0.0125 * 371.18) / 35) / log(1 + 0.0125)
Calculating this expression gives us approximately 12.71 months. Rounded to the nearest whole number, it will take Simon 13 months to pay off the debt with a monthly payment of $35.
c. To find the difference in total payments, we can calculate the total amount paid under each plan and subtract them:
Total payment under $10-a-month plan = $10 * 90 = $900
Total payment under $35-a-month plan = $35 * 13 = $455
The difference in total payments is $900 - $455 = $445. Simon would make $445 more in total payments under the $10-a-month plan compared to the $35-a-month plan.
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a. What are the effects on the price level, P, the nominal interest rate, i, the real interest rate, r, real money balances, M/P, nominal GDP, P*Y, real GDP, Y, and the velocity of money, V, from the following events? : i. A once and for all decrease in the nominal quantity of money, M. (10% weight) ii. A once and for all increase in the money growth rate. (10% weight) iii. A simultaneous one-off increase in money supply combined with an increase in the money demand. (10% weight) b. Explain the concept of neutrality of money, referring to both a one-off increase in the money supply and an increase in the growth rate of the money supply. Explain whether the neutrality of money is valid and consistent with empirical findings. (20% weight)
a. (i) A once and for all decrease in the nominal quantity of money, M. (10% weight) will cause decrease in investment and consumption spending. (ii) A once and for all increase in the money growth rate. (10% weight) will cause in the price level (iii) A simultaneous one-off increase in money supply combined with an increase in the money demand. (10% weight) will lower nominal interest rate. b. The validity of money neutrality is debatable.
a. Effects on price level:
i. A once and for all decrease in the nominal quantity of money, M will lead to an upward shift in the real money demand function and will cause the nominal interest rate to decrease. The real interest rate will increase, causing a decrease in investment and consumption spending. There will be a decrease in the price level, nominal GDP, and real GDP, with no effect on velocity. The long-run effects will depend on the elasticity of money demand.
ii. A once and for all increase in the money growth rate will lead to an increase in nominal money supply and an upward shift in the nominal money supply function. This will cause an increase in the price level and nominal GDP, while real GDP will remain unchanged. There will be no effect on the real interest rate, but the nominal interest rate will increase. The velocity of money will remain unchanged.
iii. A simultaneous one-off increase in money supply combined with an increase in the money demand will lead to a lower nominal interest rate, higher real interest rate, higher real money balances, higher nominal GDP, higher real GDP, and a higher velocity of money.
b. Neutrality of money is the notion that money supply does not affect real economic variables in the long run. In the short run, a one-time increase in the money supply will cause the price level to rise and stimulate real output.
In the long run, however, prices will adjust, and real variables such as real GDP, real consumption, real investment, and real net exports will not be affected. This is due to the long-run neutrality of money, which indicates that money is neutral in the long run and does not have an effect on the economy's real growth rate.
The validity of money neutrality is debatable. However, it is widely accepted that money is neutral in the long run, despite the fact that it may not be in the short run. The empirical findings have also shown that money is mostly neutral in the long run.
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Does the production function below have increasing, constant or decreasing returns to scale? Show your work to explain?
The production function has increasing returns to scale. Since 3/4K + 1/4L > K and 3/4K + 1/4L > L, the production function Y = K3/4L1/4 has increasing returns to scale.
The production function can be classified as having increasing returns to scale, constant returns to scale, or decreasing returns to scale, depending on how the input factors are varied. A production function with increasing returns to scale indicates that if all input factors are increased proportionally, output will increase more than proportionally. A production function with constant returns to scale implies that output will rise in proportion to input factors, and a production function with decreasing returns to scale suggests that if all input factors are increased proportionally, output will increase less than proportionally.
Now, let’s take an example of a production function Y = f(K, L) = K3/4L1/4 and use calculus to calculate its returns to scale: Y = K3/4L1/4dY/d K = 3/4K-1/4L1/4dY/dL = 1/4K3/4L-3/4
The partial derivatives of Y with respect to K and L reveal the change in output resulting from changes in the input factors, given that other factors are kept constant. The sum of the partial derivatives yields the returns to scale (RTS): RTS = dY/dK + dY/dL
RTS = 3/4K-1/4L1/4 + 1/4K3/4L-3/4
RTS = K-1/4L-1/4(3/4K + 1/4L)
The returns to scale are determined by the sum of the partial derivatives of the production function with respect to each input factor. If the returns to scale are greater than one, the function has increasing returns to scale.
If the returns to scale are equal to one, the function has constant returns to scale. If the returns to scale are less than one, the function has decreasing returns to scale. RTS = K-1/4L-1/4(3/4K + 1/4L)
Therefore, since 3/4K + 1/4L > K and 3/4K + 1/4L > L, the production function Y = K3/4L1/4 has increasing returns to scale.
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Month Purchases Sales
Jan $160,000 $100,000
Feb $160,000 $200,000
Mar $160,000 $240,000
Apr $140,000 $300,000
May $140,000 $260,000
June $120,000 $240,000
Forty percent of purchases are paid for in cash at the time of purchase, 30% are paid for in the following month and the remaining 30% is paid in the 2nd month after the purchase. Employee wages are paid in cash each month and amount to 10% of sales for the month in which the sales occur. Selling and administrative expenses are paid in cash each month and amount to 20% of the following month's sales. Interest payments of $20,000 are paid quarterly in January and April. Brandon's cash disbursements for the month of April would be:
The cash disbursements for the month of April would be $359,000.
We are given that 40% of purchases are paid for in cash at the time of purchase, 30% are paid for in the following month, and the remaining 30% is paid in the 2nd month after the purchase.
Thus, the cash payments made by Brandon in April would be:
Purchases made in February (30% paid for in April):
160,000 × 0.3 = $48,000
Purchases made in March (40% paid for in April):
160,000 × 0.4 = $64,000
Employee wages for April: 10% of sales for the month of April = 0.1 × 300,000 = $30,000
Selling and administrative expenses for May:
20% of the following month's sales = 0.2 × 260,000 = $52,000
Interest payments:
$20,000 (already given)
Therefore, Brandon's total cash disbursements in April would be:
$48,000 (for purchases made in February) + $64,000 (for purchases made in March) + $30,000 (for employee wages for April) + $52,000 (for selling and administrative expenses for May) + $20,000 (for interest payments)=$214,000 + $145,000 =$359,000
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Total Marks 20% You are appraising a Venture Capital Start-Up and have gathered below info: The start up will require two rounds of financing: an investment of CHF 5 million today followed by a second round investment of CHF 3 million in four years' time. The discount rate used to use is 35% prior to the second round of financing and 25% thereafter. You estimate that the company will be worth approximately CHF 60 million in seven years' time, and original Start up entrepreneurs of the company have expressed a desire to continue to hold 100,000 shares in the company. A. What is the Value of the firm immediately after the second round of financing? B. What is the value of the firm immediately after the first round of financing? C. What is the fractional VC ownership required for the first round of financing? D. Which of the following values is closest to the price per share at the time of first round financing?
A) The worth of the company just after the second round is equal to the present value less the investment from the second round.
B) The firm's worth immediately following the first round equals its present value less the initial money investment.
C)Fractional VC ownership is equal to the first round investment divided by the value of the company after the first round.
D) Price per share = Initial investment / Shares owned
Investment is typically seen as the "commitment of resources to achieve future benefits." An investment is a "commitment of money to receive more money later" if it includes money.
A more general definition of an investment is "to tailor the pattern of expenditure and receipt of resources to optimize the desirable patterns of these flows."
When expenditures and revenues are expressed in terms of money, the net amount of money received during a time period is referred to as cash flow, and the amount of money received over a sequence of numerous time periods is referred to as cash flow stream.
Investment science is the use of scientific techniques, often mathematical, for investing.
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The price today, of a gallon of E85 is $3.79. What is the GGE price of E85? How does the price of E85 compare to a gallon of gasoline, if gallon of gasoline today costs $4.19?
Answer:
The GGE price of E85 is approximately $2.73.
The price of E85 is lower than the price of gasoline.
To determine the GGE (Gasoline Gallon Equivalent) price of E85, we need to calculate the energy content of E85 relative to gasoline. E85 is a fuel blend consisting of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.
The energy content of ethanol is about 33% less than gasoline on a per-gallon basis. Therefore, we can calculate the GGE price of E85 as follows:
GGE price of E85 = Price of E85 / Energy content ratio
Energy content ratio = 1 / (1 - 0.85 * 0.33)
Let's calculate:
Energy content ratio = 1 / (1 - 0.85 * 0.33)
= 1 / (1 - 0.2805)
= 1 / 0.7195
= 1.388
GGE price of E85 = $3.79 / 1.388
≈ $2.73
The GGE price of E85 is approximately $2.73.
To compare the price of E85 to a gallon of gasoline, which costs $4.19, we can simply compare the prices:
E85 price = $2.73
Gasoline price = $4.19
The price of E85 is lower than the price of gasoline.
Therefore, GGE price of E85 = $3.79 / 1.388
≈ $2.73
The price of E85 is lower than the price of gasoline.
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Is probation likely to be effective in deterring violent
juveniles from recidivating? Why or why not? (3 to 6
paragraphs)
Probation, as a form of community-based supervision, can be effective in deterring violent juveniles from recidivating, but its effectiveness may vary depending on various factors.
Individualized Approach: Probation allows for individualized supervision, assessment, and treatment planning for each juvenile offender. By addressing the specific needs, risks, and protective factors of the offender, probation officers can develop tailored interventions to reduce the likelihood of reoffending.
Supportive Services: Probation often involves providing access to supportive services such as counseling, substance abuse treatment, anger management programs, and educational or vocational assistance. These services can address underlying issues that contribute to violent behavior and provide juveniles with the skills and resources to make positive changes.
Community Integration: Probation allows juveniles to remain in their communities, which can foster a sense of belonging and support from family, friends, and positive influences. Maintaining connections to supportive networks can reduce the likelihood of reoffending.
However, there are limitations to the effectiveness of probation in deterring violent recidivism:
Limited Supervision: Probation supervision is often resource-constrained, with high caseloads for probation officers. This may limit the level of monitoring and intervention available, potentially allowing for continued engagement in violent behavior.
Lack of Accountability: Some juveniles may view probation as a lenient consequence, leading to a lack of accountability and motivation to change their behavior. The absence of swift and certain consequences for violations of probation conditions can diminish its deterrent effect.
Insufficient Support Systems: The success of probation relies on the availability and effectiveness of community-based services. Inadequate access to mental health services, substance abuse treatment, or educational and employment opportunities can impede the rehabilitative efforts and increase the risk of recidivism.
Probation can be effective in deterring violent juveniles from recidivating when implemented with an individualized approach, supportive services, and community integration. However, its effectiveness may be limited by resource constraints, the perception of leniency, and inadequate support systems. To enhance the effectiveness of probation, it is essential to allocate adequate resources for supervision and interventions, promote accountability, and strengthen community-based services to address the underlying factors contributing to violent behavior in juvenile offenders. Additionally, a comprehensive approach that combines probation with other rehabilitative measures and interventions may be more effective in reducing violent recidivism among juveniles.
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when carson's crafts surveyed its customers, it discovered that customers preferred the company's competition more than 68 percent of the time
The survey results demonstrate the importance of monitoring customer feedback and continually improving the quality of service to maintain customer loyalty. Carson's Crafts should focus on addressing the concerns raised by their customers and implementing a comprehensive plan to improve customer satisfaction.
Carson's Crafts conducted a survey among its customers and found out that their competitors were preferred by more than 68% of their customers. This indicates that there are certain areas where the company needs to improve. To improve its standing, the company should understand what factors are driving their customers to their competitors and develop a plan to address these issues. A comprehensive analysis of customer feedback can help the company identify these factors.
In conclusion, the survey results demonstrate the importance of monitoring customer feedback and continually improving the quality of service to maintain customer loyalty. Carson's Crafts should focus on addressing the concerns raised by their customers and implementing a comprehensive plan to improve customer satisfaction.
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4) LEO WARDROBES provide the following information for the business, financial year ended 31 December 2019: ITEM € Total Production Cost (TPC) 943,750 Sales 1,448,560 Opening Inventory of Finished G
The financial extract for the above is given as follows.
What is the extract?Particulars Amount (€)
Opening Inventory of Finished Goods 85,820
Cost of Goods Manufactured 943,750
Closing Inventory of Finished Goods 87,360
Cost of Goods Sold (943,750 - 87,360) 856,390
Factory Profit (1,448,560 - 856,390) 592,170
Amount to be transferred to Income Statement 592,170
Factory profit is the difference between cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold.
Amount transferred = factory profit + opening inventory - closing inventory.
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Full Question:
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
LEO WARDROBES Provide The Following Information For The Business, Financial Year Ended 31 December 2019:
ITEM €
Total Production Cost (TPC) 943,750
Sales 1,448,560
Opening Inventory of Finished Goods on I January 2019 85,820
Closing Inventory of Finished Goods on 31 December 2019 87,360
Finished goods are transferred from the manufacturing account to the income statement at c plus 40%.
Prepare:
a) An extract from the manufacturing account for the year ended 31 December 2019 showing factory profit and the amount to be transferred to the income statement.
Project L requires an initial outlay at t= 0 of $49,000, Its expected cash Inflows are $14,000 per year for 10 years, and Its WACC is 10%. What is the project's payback? Round your answer to two decim
The payback period is the length of time required to recover the initial investment. To calculate the payback period, we divide the initial investment by the expected annual cash inflows until the investment is fully recovered.
Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash Inflow
Payback Period ≈ 3.50 years
Rounding the answer to two decimal places, the project's payback period is approximately 3.50 years. This means that it would take approximately 3 years and 6 months to recover the initial investment of $49,000 based on the expected annual cash inflows of $14,000 per year for a period of 10 years.
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A covenant not to compete is enforceable if it is reasonable in
each of the following aspects EXCEPT:
Geographic area of the restriction.
Length of time the restriction is in effect.
A covenant not to compete is enforceable if it is reasonable in each of the following aspects EXCEPT: Amount paid to the one who gives up the right to compete.
What is covenantApart from considering the geographical region and duration, other aspects commonly assessed to determine their reasonableness are the range of activities or industries subject to the constraint and the valid business objectives pursued by the agreement.
Hence, a covenant not to compete can be upheld if it is deemed reasonable with regards to its geographical limits and duration.
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A covenant not to compete is enforceable if it is reasonable in each of the following aspects EXCEPT:
Geographic area of the restriction.
Length of time the restriction is in effect.
Amount paid to the one who gives up the right to compete.
Scope (i.e., activities affected) of the restriction.
What is the newest money supply tool available to the Fed? open market operations the reserve requirement ratio the discount rate the interest rate paid on reserves held at the Fed
The newest money supply tool available to the Federal Reserve is the interest rate paid on reserves held at the Fed.
The interest rate paid on reserves held at the Fed refers to the rate at which the Federal Reserve pays banks for the excess reserves they hold. In the past, the Fed did not pay interest on reserves, but this changed with the implementation of the Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act of 2006. The act allowed the Fed to pay interest on required reserves and, later, on excess reserves as well.
This tool serves as an effective mechanism for the Fed to influence the money supply. By adjusting the interest rate paid on reserves, the central bank can incentivize banks to hold more or less excess reserves. Increasing the interest rate paid on reserves encourages banks to hold more reserves, reducing the amount of money available for lending and thus slowing down economic activity. Conversely, decreasing the interest rate paid on reserves incentivizes banks to lend more, increasing the money supply and stimulating economic growth.
The interest rate paid on reserves held at the Fed is a relatively new tool available to the Federal Reserve to manage the money supply. By adjusting this rate, the central bank can influence bank lending behavior and control the overall level of liquidity in the economy.
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You need the following information for the next 2 questions (18 and 19). 18) Consider a bond with a market price of $950.26, a face value of $1,000, maturity of 3 years and a coupon rate of 8%. The YTM on this bond is 10%. What is the major reinvestment rate assumption that we make with respect to this YTM? a. All cash inflows will be reinvested at 12% b. All cash inflows will be reinvested at 10% c. All cash inflows will be reinvested at 14% d. All cash inflows will be reinvested at 0% e. All cash inflows will be reinvested at 5% 19) What is the realized return on this investment if all cash flows are reinvested at 5% per year for the next three years?
The major reinvestment rate assumption that we make with respect to this YTM is All cash inflows will be reinvested at 10%.
Given information:Bond price = $950.26Face value = $1000Coupon rate = 8%Maturity period = 3 yearsYTM (Yield to maturity) = 10%The major reinvestment rate assumption that we make with respect to this YTM is: All cash inflows will be reinvested at 10%.The Realized return on this investment if all cash flows are reinvested at 5% per year for the next three years is 10.47%.Explanation:Yield to maturity (YTM): It is the rate of return that an investor can earn by investing in a bond and holding it till maturity.
Consider a bond with a face value of $1000, a coupon rate of 8%, maturity of 3 years, and a YTM of 10%. Then the bond price can be calculated as follows:$$950.26 = \frac{80}{1+r}+\frac{80}{(1+r)^2}+\frac{1080}{(1+r)^3}+\frac{1000}{(1+r)^3}$$$$950.26 = \frac{80}{1+r}+\frac{80}{(1+r)^2}+\frac{1080+1000}{(1+r)^3}$$$$950.26 = \frac{80}{1+r}+\frac{80}{(1+r)^2}+\frac{2080}{(1+r)^3}$$Using financial calculator or excel function we get, r = 10%Thus the major reinvestment rate assumption that we make with respect to this YTM is All cash inflows will be reinvested at 10%.Now we need to calculate the realized return on this investment if all cash flows are reinvested at 5% per year for the next three years. The following table shows the calculation of reinvestment of cash flows:YearCash FlowCash Flow x Reinvestment factor5%1$801.052$801.052 × 1.052= $841.613$1080.052$= $1136.4224$1000.052$= $1104.0808Total =$3082.1162Now, we can calculate the realized yield or realized return using the following formula:Realized yield or Realized return = [(Total cash inflows) / (Initial investment)] - 1 = ($3082.1162 / $950.26) - 1 = 3.2451 or 324.51%.The realized return on this investment if all cash flows are reinvested at 5% per year for the next three years is 10.47%. Therefore, the option (e) is correct.
Thus, we can say that the major reinvestment rate assumption that we make with respect to this YTM is All cash inflows will be reinvested at 10%, and the realized return on this investment if all cash flows are reinvested at 5% per year for the next three years is 10.47%.
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Requirements 1. Journalize the mortgage payable issuance on January 1, 2018. 2. Prepare an amortization schedule for the first two payments. 3. Journalize the first payment on January 31, 2018. 4. Jou
Mortgages are a type of loan that is able to be used to purchase or maintain a home, a plot of land, or any real estate asset. The borrower commits to paying the lender on a regular basis, typically in the form of a number of installments that are divided into both interest and principal. The asset then serves as collateral for the loan.
A mortgage loan, also known as a simple mortgage or a hypothec loan in civil law jurisdictions, is a loan used by real estate buyers to raise money to purchase real estate or by existing property owners to borrow money for any purpose while placing a lien on the real estate being mortgaged.
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Hashira Ruriko purchased 340 shares of stock for $36 a share and sold them for $42 e share. The commissions required to buy and sell her stock totaled $230 for each transaction Assuming she received no dividends during the time the owned the stock what is her total investment on the purchase of this stock? Mutiple Choice a $630 b $2,040 c $2,270
d $12,470
To calculate Hashira Ruriko's total investment on the purchase of the stock, we need to consider the cost of the shares and the commissions for buying and selling.
The cost of the shares can be calculated by multiplying the number of shares purchased (340) by the price per share ($36):
Cost of shares = 340 * $36 = $12,240
The commissions for each transaction are given as $230, and since there are two transactions (buying and selling), the total commissions would be:
Total commissions = 2 * $230 = $460
To calculate the total investment, we add the cost of the shares and the total commissions:
Total investment = Cost of shares + Total commissions
Total investment = $12,240 + $460 = $12,700
Therefore, Hashira Ruriko's total investment on the purchase of this stock is $12,700.
None of the multiple-choice options provided match the correct answer.
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The project life cycle has four stages: defining, planning, executing, and closing. As part of the course work you will progress a project through the different stages. The first assignment is to select your project. The Project Management Institute defines a project as "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. The major goal of a project is to satisfy a customers need. The characteristics of a project are: An established objective, a defined lifespan, involvement of resources, usually a something new, with a specific time, cost and requirements. Your assignment is to identify a need, problem, or opportunity that can become your project. Here are some project examples: • Developing and introducing a new product • Developing a new software application mobile, enterprise, game, etc. • Planning an event such as a wedding, baby shower, large dinner party (20+), class/family reunion • Remodel home such as converting a basement to a family room • Organizing and hosting a conference • Designing and producing a brochure • Organizing a community festival • Staging a theatrical production • Designing a business internship program for high school students • Building a tree house Your project can be one of the above or anything else that has a specific objective to solve a need/problem/opportunity and a specific time, cost, and requirements. Consider your project selection carefully as you will be completing several tasks throughout the quarter: project objective, deliverables, acceptance criteria, risk analysis, WBS, budget, resourcing, schedule, and closing. This is project "on paper" as you will not be completing a real "on ground" project as part of the course work. The object of these assignments is to utilize actual project planning tools. Also, this is an individual project (not a group or team assignment). Assignment: Please write a proposal for your project. Include the following: ES Your project can be one of the above or anything else that has a specific objective to solve a need/problem/opportunity and a specific time, cost, and requirements. Consider your project selection carefully as you will be completing several tasks throughout the quarter: project objective, deliverables, acceptance criteria, risk analysis, WBS, budget, resourcing, schedule, and closing. This is project "on paper" as you will not be completing a real "on ground" project as part of the course work. The object of these assignments is to utilize actual project planning tools. Also, this is an individual project (not a group or team assignment). Assignment: Please write a proposal for your project. Include the following: • what need/problem/opportunity does it solve major deliverables. • timeframe • estimated cost 3 high level risks estimated people resources measure of success Consider this your proposal or "pitch" to the approving authority. Upload to Canvas.
As per the Project Management Institute (PMI), a project is "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result" that focuses on satisfying customer needs.
A project's characteristics include an established objective, a defined lifespan, involvement of resources, usually something new, and specific time, cost, and requirements.The project life cycle has four stages: defining, planning, executing, and closing. To identify a need, problem, or opportunity that can become a project, one must select a project, such as developing and introducing a new product, remodeling a home, designing and producing a brochure, etc. In this regard, a proposal can be created that contains the project's major deliverables, timeframe, estimated cost, 3 high-level risks, estimated people resources, and a measure of success. This proposal is also called a pitch to the approving authority.
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Moving to another question will save the Question 7 Bahrain Company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the April, 2021 April 1 April 4 Apri 14 The beginning inventory balance 400 units at $30 each Sold 250 units at $ 40 each April 28 Purchased 300 units at $ 32 each Sold 300 units at $ 50 each. Answer the following questions assuming that the company uses the First IN First Out (FIFO) method.
Explanation :
The FIFO method is a technique of inventory management that emphasizes the sale of goods that were bought first, i.e., older inventory units. According to the given problem, Bahrain Company made the following purchases and sales in April 2021: April 1: Beginning inventory balance = 400 units at $30 each April 4: Sold 250 units at $40 each April 14: Purchased 300 units at $32 each April 28: Sold 300 units at $50 each Using the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) method, the following questions can be answered: 1. How many units are still in the ending inventory as of April 30? First, we need to find out the total units sold to determine the number of units remaining in the ending inventory.
Total units sold = 250 + 300 = 550 units Units purchased on April 14 = 300 units Units purchased on April 28 = 300 units Total units available for sale = 400 + 300 + 300 = 1000 units Using the FIFO method, the units sold on April 28 were bought first, so the ending inventory will comprise the remaining 1000 - 300 = 700 units. 2. What was the cost of goods sold for the April 28 sale? Explanation:We need to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) for the April 28 sale, which was 300 units at $50 each. COFS = 250 x $30 + 300 x $32COGS = 300 x $32 = $<<250*30+300*32=22900>>22,900 Therefore, the cost of goods sold for the April 28 sale was $22,900. 3. What is the gross profit earned on the April 28 sale? Explanation:To determine the gross profit earned on the April 28 sale, we need to subtract the cost of goods sold from the sales price:Revenue = 300 x $50 = $<<300*50=15000>>15,000COGS = $22,900Gross Profit = Revenue - COGS = $15,000 - $22,900 = ($7,900) Therefore, the gross profit earned on the April 28 sale was ($7,900).
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The World Income Appreciation Fund has current assets with a market value of $9 billion and has 340 million shares outstanding. What is the net asset value (NAV) for this mutual fund? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The net asset value (NAV) of the World Income Appreciation Fund, with current assets valued at $9 billion and 340 million shares outstanding, is $26.47 per share.
This is calculated by dividing the total value of assets by the number of shares outstanding.
Net asset value (NAV) of a mutual fund is the total value of assets held by the fund, minus its liabilities, divided by the total number of outstanding shares.
The NAV is calculated on a daily basis and represents the per-share value of the fund's holdings. In this question, the World Income Appreciation Fund has current assets with a market value of $9 billion and 340 million shares outstanding.
To calculate the net asset value (NAV), we divide the total value of assets by the number of shares outstanding.
Therefore, the NAV for the mutual fund would be:$9,000,000,000 ÷ 340,000,000 = $26.47 per share.
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A regional hospital trust anticipates a significant increase in hospital admissions in the coming winter (about 7 months from now) due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, it requires an additional 250-bed space. Your employer has been approached to advise the client (i.e. the hospital) on the various stages of the project up to the point of selecting a contractor. (a) Your team is to make a case for (i.e. justify) the management contracting procurement option to the client. In no more than 100 words, explain the strengths and weaknesses of this approach in the context of this project. [5 marks] (b) The client has set a £35 million budget for the construction. Your boss has recommended that contractors are invited to tender for the works based on a target cost with a gain/pain share mechanism built into it. In no more than 100 words, explain what this means. [5 marks]
(a) The strengths of management contracting is fast-track delivery, flexibility and special expertise while the weaknesses are cost uncertainty, increased client involvement, and reliance on contractor's performance.
(b) Target cost is a procurement strategy in which the client and contractor agree on a budget for the construction works, including profit and overheads, with the contractor sharing the gain or pain that arises from the final project cost exceeding or falling below the agreed budget.
(a) Justifying the Management Contracting Procurement Option:
Strengths of management contracting:
Fast-track delivery: Management contracting allows for faster project delivery since construction can begin before all design details are finalized. This is crucial in the context of the hospital trust's urgent need for additional bed space.Flexibility: The management contracting approach allows for changes and adaptations during the construction process, which can accommodate evolving requirements related to the COVID-19 pandemic.Specialist expertise: The hospital trust can benefit from the contractor's expertise in managing complex projects, including healthcare facilities, ensuring that the additional bed space is designed and built to the highest standards.Weaknesses of management contracting:
Cost uncertainty: Due to the fast-track nature and evolving design, cost control can be challenging, potentially leading to cost overruns.Increased client involvement: The hospital trust will need to be actively involved in decision-making, coordination, and risk management, which may require additional time and resources from their side.Reliance on contractor's performance: The success of the project depends on the contractor's ability to manage resources effectively and deliver the project within the agreed timeline.(b) Explaining Target Cost with Gain/Pain Share Mechanism:
A target cost with a gain/pain share mechanism means that the contractor will be invited to tender based on a predetermined target cost for the construction project, which in this case is £35 million. If the final cost is below the target cost, both the client and the contractor share the savings (gain). Conversely, if the final cost exceeds the target cost, both parties share the additional costs (pain).
This mechanism encourages cost efficiency and collaboration between the client and the contractor. It aligns their interests to control costs and promotes a cooperative approach to manage risks and uncertainties during the project. By sharing the risks and rewards, the client can have better cost control while incentivizing the contractor to complete the project within the budget.
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A bank is to bid at tender for $1 million of 98-day T-notes at a
yield of 6.5% per annum. What price will the bank pay if the tender
is successful?
Price=(1000000*365)/(365+0.065*98)
If the bank's tender for $1 million of 98-day T-notes at a yield of 6.5% per annum is successful, the bank will pay a price of approximately $982,582.90.
To calculate the price that the bank will pay if the tender is successful, we can use the formula:
Price = (Amount * 365) / (365 + Yield * Days)
In this case, the amount is $1 million, and the yield is 6.5% per annum. The tenure of the T-notes is 98 days.
Substituting the values into the formula, we have:
Price = (1,000,000 * 365) / (365 + 0.065 * 98)
To simplify the calculation, we can perform the multiplication first:
Price = (365,000,000) / (365 + 0.065 * 98)
Next, we can calculate the value inside the parentheses:
365 + 0.065 * 98 = 365 + 6.37 = 371.37
Now, we can substitute this value into the equation:
Price = (365,000,000) / 371.37
Calculating this division gives us the price that the bank will pay if the tender is successful. The calculation yields:
Price = $982,582.90
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In order to make their stock more attractive to investors, many corporationspay special dividends.pay quarterly cash dividends.refrain from paying cash dividends.pay extra dividends.
In order to make their stock more attractive to investors, many corporations pay special dividends. Special dividends are one-time payments made by a company to its shareholders, usually outside of the regular quarterly dividend schedule.
These dividends are often used as a way to distribute excess cash or profits to shareholders and can be seen as a sign of financial strength and confidence in the company's future prospects.
By paying special dividends, corporations aim to increase the total return for their shareholders, making their stock more appealing. However, it's important to note that special dividends are not the only method used by corporations.
Some companies pay quarterly cash dividends, which are regular, ongoing payments made to shareholders on a quarterly basis. On the other hand, some corporations may refrain from paying cash dividends altogether, opting to reinvest profits back into the business for growth.
Lastly, in addition to special dividends, companies may also choose to pay extra dividends sporadically to provide an additional boost to shareholder returns.
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A project costs $80,000 and will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its 4 year life. The project generates OCF of $22,000 and the fixed assets will be sold for $9,000 at the termination of the project. If the project has a tax rate of 35% and a WACC of 10%, what is the NPV? Select the range that includes the correct answer. Less than $10,000 Greater than - $10,000, but less than-$5,000 Greater than or equal to $5,000, but less than $0 Greater than or equal to $0, but less than $5,000 Greater than or equal to $5,000
To calculate the net present value (NPV), we need to discount the project's cash flows to the present value and subtract the initial investment.
First, we need to calculate the depreciation expense per year:
Depreciation Expense = Initial Investment / Project Life
Depreciation Expense = $80,000 / 4 years
Depreciation Expense = $20,000 per year
Next, we calculate the after-tax cash flow for each year:
ATCF = OCF - Tax
Tax = (OCF - Depreciation Expense) * Tax Rate
Year 1:
Tax = ($22,000 - $20,000) * 0.35
Tax = $700
ATCF = $22,000 - $700
ATCF = $21,300
Years 2 to 4 (same calculation for each year):
Tax = ($22,000 - $20,000) * 0.35
Tax = $700
ATCF = $22,000 - $700
ATCF = $21,300
At the termination of the project (Year 4):
ATCF = Salvage Value - Tax
Tax = ($9,000 - $20,000) * 0.35 (Note: Salvage value is reduced by the remaining book value)
Tax = -$3,150 (tax benefit)
ATCF = $9,000 - (-$3,150)
ATCF = $12,150
Now, we calculate the NPV by discounting the cash flows to the present value:
NPV = (ATCF / (1 + WACC)^t) - Initial Investment
Using the given WACC of 10% and discounting each cash flow year by year:
Year 1:
PV = $21,300 / (1 + 0.10)^1
PV = $19,363.64
Years 2 to 4 (same calculation for each year):
PV = $21,300 / (1 + 0.10)^t (where t = 2, 3, 4)
At termination (Year 4):
PV = $12,150 / (1 + 0.10)^4
PV = $8,386.07
Now, we calculate the NPV by summing up the present values and subtracting the initial investment:
NPV = (PV Year 1) + (PV Years 2 to 4) + (PV Termination) - Initial Investment
NPV = $19,363.64 + $19,363.64 + $19,363.64 + $8,386.07 - $80,000
NPV = $86,477.99 - $80,000
NPV = $6,477.99
Based on the calculations, the NPV is greater than or equal to $5,000 but less than $10,000. Therefore, the correct range is "Greater than or equal to $5,000, but less than $10,000."
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On 1 December 2019 Helena Products issued a loan of £1.625 million spanning a three-year term, with a coupon rate of interest of 2%. It received £1.3 million (face value less a 20% discount). Finance charges of £32,500 (2% of the £1.625m) are payable annually in arrears on 30 November, and the principal sum of £1.625 million is repayable on 30 November 2022. The implicit interest rate relating to this loan agreement is 10.0%. Helena Products has recorded the £32,500 payment made on 30 November 2020 as interest in their draft income statement for the year ended 30 November 2020.
1. Explain how the loan should have been accounted for according to IAS 32, and calculate the impact of any correction on the net profit margin (ignoring tax).
2. Define the Bonus Plan Hypothesis from Positive Accounting Theory. Briefly describe and explain its predictions on the choices of accounting policies by firm managers. Also, reflect on how the Bonus Plan Hypothesis could help us explain the accounting treatment of the loan as described in question (1).
According to IAS 32, the loan should have been accounted for as a financial liability, and the correction would decrease the net profit margin by £32,500 (the amount recorded as interest expense) and the Bonus Plan Hypothesis in Positive Accounting Theory suggests that managers choose accounting policies that maximize their own compensation under bonus plans.
According to IAS 32, the loan should have been accounted for as a financial liability. This means that the initial recognition of the loan should have involved recording the proceeds received (£1.3 million) as a liability and recognizing a discount of 20% (£0.325 million) as a separate component of the liability. The interest expense should have been recognized over the loan term using the effective interest rate method, resulting in an annual interest expense of £97,500 (£0.975 million * 10%). However, in the draft income statement for the year ended 30 November 2020, Helena Products incorrectly recorded the £32,500 payment made as interest, which would need to be corrected.
The Bonus Plan Hypothesis in Positive Accounting Theory posits that managers choose accounting policies that maximize their own compensation under bonus plans. In the case of the loan, if managers were incentivized to inflate net profit margins for bonus purposes, they may have chosen to record the £32,500 payment as interest to enhance reported profitability, even though it does not align with the correct accounting treatment under IAS 32. This hypothesis helps explain why managers may deviate from proper accounting standards to manipulate financial results for personal gain under bonus plans.
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Explain why it is the case that the value of intermediate goods produced and sold during the year is not included directly as part of GDP, but the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold is included directly as part of GDP.
The value of intermediate goods produced and sold during the year is not included directly as part of GDP because it would result in double counting. However, the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold is included directly as part of GDP to capture the value added at each stage of production.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total value of goods and services produced within an economy over a specific period. It is calculated by summing up the value added at each stage of production. Intermediate goods are goods used in the production process but not sold directly to final consumers. Including the value of intermediate goods produced and sold during the year in GDP would result in double counting since their value is already captured in the final goods and services that are sold to consumers.
On the other hand, the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold is included directly in GDP because it represents the value added at each stage of production. These goods contribute to the production process and their value is reflected in the final goods and services. By including the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold, GDP accounts for the economic activity and value added throughout the production chain.
Overall, excluding the value of intermediate goods produced and sold avoids double counting, while including the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold captures their contribution to GDP as part of the value added in the production process.
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