a. If Jamal invests $23,250.25 at 20% interest rate today, he would need to wait approximately 14 years to become a millionaire.
To calculate this, we can use the compound interest formula: FV = PV * (1 + r)^n, where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
Plugging in the values:
1,000,000 = 23,250.25 * (1 + 0.20)^n
Solving for n:
(1 + 0.20)^n ≈ 1,000,000 / 23,250.25
n ≈ log(1,000,000 / 23,250.25) / log(1.20)
n ≈ 13.9
Therefore, Jamal would need to wait approximately 14 years to become a millionaire.
b. If Jamal invests $48,959.52 at a 16% interest rate today, he would need to wait approximately 9 years to become a millionaire.
Using the same formula and calculations as above, we find:
n ≈ log(1,000,000 / 48,959.52) / log(1.16)
n ≈ 8.8
Therefore, Jamal would need to wait approximately 9 years to become a millionaire.
c. If Jamal invests $177,461.32 at a 9% interest rate today, he would need to wait approximately 20 years to become a millionaire.
Using the same formula and calculations as above, we find:
n ≈ log(1,000,000 / 177,461.32) / log(1.09)
n ≈ 19.9
Therefore, Jamal would need to wait approximately 20 years to become a millionaire.
d. If Jamal invests $344,894.64 at a 4% interest rate today, he would need to wait approximately 49 years to become a millionaire.
Using the same formula and calculations as above, we find:
n ≈ log(1,000,000 / 344,894.64) / log(1.04)
n ≈ 48.7
Therefore, Jamal would need to wait approximately 49 years to become a millionaire.
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what is considered the most distinctive feature of being human? group of answer choices an opposable thumb tool use bipedal locomotion language
Language is considered the most distinctive feature of being human due to its unique ability to facilitate complex communication, abstract thinking, and cultural development.
Language is considered the most distinctive feature of being human. While opposable thumbs, tool use, and bipedal locomotion are important characteristics that differentiate humans from other species, language sets humans apart in a unique way. Language enables humans to communicate complex thoughts, ideas, and emotions, facilitating social interaction, cultural development, and the transmission of knowledge across generations. It allows for abstract thinking, creativity, and the formation of complex societies. While some other animals exhibit limited forms of communication, human language is characterized by its complexity, versatility, and ability to convey abstract concepts.
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.1 "Pick n Pay’s overall market share has stagnated over the
years"
Discuss the possible reasons for this stagnation.
There could be several reasons for Pick n Pay's overall market share stagnating over the years.
Intense competition: The retail industry is highly competitive, with numerous players vying for market share. Increased competition from both traditional brick-and-mortar retailers and online platforms can make it challenging for Pick n Pay to grow its market share.
Changing consumer preferences: Consumer preferences and shopping behaviors have evolved over time. Shifts towards online shopping, convenience stores, and discount retailers may have impacted Pick n Pay's market share. Failure to adapt to changing consumer demands could result in stagnation.
Pricing and value perception: Price sensitivity is a significant factor in consumer decision-making. If Pick n Pay is perceived as less competitive in terms of pricing or fails to deliver sufficient value to customers, it could lead to stagnation in market share as consumers choose alternatives.
Limited geographical expansion: Pick n Pay's market share stagnation may be due to a limited presence in certain geographic areas. If the company has not expanded its footprint to reach new markets or demographics, it may struggle to capture new customers and increase market share.
Brand perception and differentiation: Brand perception plays a crucial role in attracting and retaining customers. If Pick n Pay's brand image or differentiation strategy is not effectively communicated or resonating with consumers, it could impact market share growth.
To overcome stagnation, Pick n Pay could focus on strategies such as improving pricing competitiveness, enhancing the customer experience, investing in digital transformation, expanding into new markets, and implementing effective marketing and branding strategies.
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Intro Samsung just paid an annual dividend of $2.6. The company has a required return of 10%. Part 1 If dividends are expected to be constant, what is the value of the stock? 0+ decimals Submit BAttem
According to the model, the value of the stock is estimated to be $26 when dividends are expected to remain constant.
The Gordon Growth Model, or Dividend Discount Model (DDM), is a widely used method to estimate the intrinsic value of a stock based on its dividends. It assumes that dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate indefinitely.
In this case, we are given that Samsung just paid an annual dividend of $2.6 and the company has a required return of 10%. Since the dividends are expected to be constant, the dividend growth rate is assumed to be 0%.
Using the Gordon Growth Model formula: Stock Value = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate), we substitute the given values:
Stock Value = $2.6 / (0.10 - 0) = $2.6 / 0.10 = $26
This means that, according to the model, the value of the stock is estimated to be $26 when dividends are expected to remain constant.
It's important to note that the Gordon Growth Model is a simplified approach and relies on several assumptions, such as the stability of dividend payments and the appropriateness of the chosen growth rate. Real-world stock valuations involve more complex factors and should be considered in a broader investment analysis.
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If the current spot rate is 94.22 S, the forecast inflation is 1.4% for Japan, and 5.7 % for the US, the 180-day euro-yen deposit rate is 4.5 %, and the 180-day euro-dollar deposit rate is 9.3%, calculate the 180- day forward rate VS. Keep two decimals.
If the current spot rate is 94.22 S, the forecast inflation is 1.4% for Japan, and 5.7 % for the US, the 180-day euro-yen deposit rate is 4.5 %, and the 180-day euro-dollar deposit rate is 9.3%, the 180- day forward rate will be approximately 98.75 (Euro-Yen).
To calculate the 180-day forward rate, we can use the interest rate parity (IRP) formula. The IRP states that the forward exchange rate should be equal to the spot exchange rate adjusted for the interest rate differential between the two currencies. The formula to calculate the forward rate is as follows:
Forward Rate = Spot Rate * (1 + Foreign Interest Rate) / (1 + Domestic Interest Rate)
In this case:
- Spot Rate (Euro-Yen) = 94.22
- Foreign Interest Rate (Euro-Dollar) = 9.3%
- Domestic Interest Rate (Euro-Yen) = 4.5%
Applying these values to the formula, we can calculate the 180-day forward rate:
Forward Rate = 94.22 * (1 + 0.093) / (1 + 0.045)
Forward Rate = 94.22 * 1.093 / 1.045
Forward Rate ≈ 98.75
Therefore, the 180-day forward rate is approximately 98.75 (Euro-Yen).
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On January 1st 2022, Old Dominion issues a $1,000 par bond payable with an annual interest rate of 5% and a 3 year life. When the bond was issued the company received $1,000 cash. On the company's 2023 balance sheet (the second year), what will the carrying value of the bond be?
A bond is a contract between the issuer and the buyer to lend money in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the principal when the bond matures. The bond's carrying value is the amount of the bond on the balance sheet at a particular time.The par value of a bond is the amount that is borrowed and is paid back at maturity. The interest rate is the percentage of the bond's par value that is paid as interest annually, usually in two equal payments (semi-annually).
A bond is a contract between the issuer and the buyer to lend money in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the principal when the bond matures. The bond's carrying value is the amount of the bond on the balance sheet at a particular time.The par value of a bond is the amount that is borrowed and is paid back at maturity. The interest rate is the percentage of the bond's par value that is paid as interest annually, usually in two equal payments (semi-annually). Thus, Old Dominion issued a $1,000 par bond payable with an annual interest rate of 5% and a 3-year life, receiving $1,000 cash when the bond was issued on January 1st, 2022.Since interest is paid semi-annually, the annual interest rate of 5% would be divided by 2, resulting in a semi-annual interest rate of 2.5%.The amount of interest paid semi-annually would be 0.025 multiplied by the par value of the bond, which is $1,000, resulting in $25 per payment. Because the interest payments are made twice a year, the interest payment will be $50 per year.The bond's carrying value at the end of the second year, which is on December 31, 2023, can be calculated as follows:Carrying value of bond = Par value of bond - Amortized discountCarrying value of bond = $1,000 - Amortized discountThe amount of the discount amortized each year is the difference between the interest payment and the interest expense. The following is a list of the bond's carrying value at the end of the second year:Carrying value of bond = $1,000 - ($50 + $50)Carrying value of bond = $900Therefore, the carrying value of the bond on the company's 2023 balance sheet is $900.More than 100 words.
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if you were to argue in favor of restricting trade, which are some of the industries or sectors you would restrict, and what arguments would you make to support your case?
Restricting trade can be seen as a way to protect domestic jobs in industries that may be threatened by foreign competition.
National Security: Some argue that certain industries vital to national security, such as defense or critical infrastructure, should be protected through trade restrictions. The argument is that reliance on foreign suppliers may pose risks to national defense capabilities or expose critical infrastructure to potential threats.Infant Industries: Advocates of trade restrictions may argue that developing domestic industries need protection in their early stages. This approach aims to shield emerging industries from competition with more established foreign competitors until they can become globally competitive themselves.Protecting Domestic Jobs: Restricting trade can be seen as a way to protect domestic jobs in industries that may be threatened by foreign competition. Advocates argue that imposing trade barriers, such as tariffs or quotas, can prevent job losses and maintain employment opportunities for domestic workers.Environmental and Labor Standards:E Some argue that trade restrictions can be used to ensure that imported goods meet certain environmental or labor standards. The argument is that unrestricted trade may result in a race to the bottom, where countries with weaker regulations and standards gain a competitive advantage, leading to environmental degradation and poor working conditions.Strategic Industries: In some cases, countries may seek to protect industries considered strategically important for economic or technological reasons. The argument is that by restricting trade in these sectors, countries can foster domestic innovation, maintain competitiveness, and retain control over critical technologies or resources.
It's important to note that while these arguments exist, there is also a substantial body of evidence and economic theory supporting the benefits of free trade and the drawbacks of protectionism. The overall impact of trade restrictions on economies and global welfare is a complex and debated topic. Different stakeholders and experts may have differing views on the necessity and effectiveness of trade restrictions in specific industries or sectors.
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CDB stock is currently priced at $40.95. The company will pay a dividend of 56 58 next year and investors require a return of 5.75 percent on similar stocks What is the dividend growth rate on this stock? write your answer in percentage. CDB stock is currently priced at $40 95. The company will pay a dividend of $5.58 next year and investors require a return of 8 78 percent on similar stocks What is the dividend growth rate on this stock? write your answer in percentage
The dividend growth rate on this stock for the second scenario is -86.37%. To calculate the dividend growth rate on a stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula, which is based on the assumption that the stock's value is determined by the present value of its future dividends. The formula for DDM is:
Dividend Growth Rate = (Dividend Next Year - Dividend Current Year) / Dividend Current Year
For the first scenario:
Dividend Next Year = $5.58
Dividend Current Year = $56.58
Dividend Growth Rate = ($5.58 - $56.58) / $56.58 = -90.16%
Therefore, the dividend growth rate on this stock for the first scenario is -90.16%.
For the second scenario:
Dividend Next Year = $5.58
Dividend Current Year = $40.95
Dividend Growth Rate = ($5.58 - $40.95) / $40.95 = -86.37%
Therefore, the dividend growth rate on this stock for the second scenario is -86.37%.
The dividend growth rate for both scenarios is negative, indicating a decline in dividends compared to the previous year. A negative growth rate suggests that the company's dividend payments are decreasing rather than growing. It is important to note that negative growth rates can be a cause for concern and may indicate potential challenges or issues within the company.
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In performance management, the benchmarks against which performance is measured are referred to as Select one: a. performance standards b. outcome measures c. performance objectives Od. output measures e. performance duplication
The benchmarks against which performance is measured are referred is: a. performance standard
What is performance standard?In performance management, the benchmarks against which performance is measured are referred to as performance standards. These standards serve as a set of criteria or expectations against which actual performance is evaluated.
They define the desired level of performance and provide a basis for assessing and comparing individual or organizational performance.
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TRUE/FALSE. In order to develop a successful Unique Selling Proposition (USP), a successful salesperson should ask several que business. One of those questions is: "Which of my product's attributes is the most important to my customer?"
To develop a successful Unique Selling Proposition (USP), a successful salesperson should ask question like "Which of my product's attributes is the most important to my customer?". So the statement is true.
The Unique Selling Proposition (USP) is a statement or slogan that distinguishes a product or service from its competitors by emphasizing a unique benefit that no other competitor has. It is an effective approach for small businesses to stand out in a crowded marketplace.
The salesperson should ask a few questions to identify what sets the product apart from its competitors. They should identify the customers’ needs and requirements and explain how the product meets them. By doing this, they will be able to develop a USP that would appeal to their customers.
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4. XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. has a RM10 million floating rate loan outstanding. The interest rate on the said loan is reset every THREE (3) months for the next 3 months with the interest fixing period ONE (1) month before the due date of the said 3-month floating rate loan. Interest is payable at the end of each 3 months' period. Due to the recent volatile money market, the corporate treasurer thinks that interest rate is likely to rise for the next 3-month interest roll-over period in about 1 month's time. Current 3-month interest rate is 6% p.a. and the corporate treasurer can get a rate of 6.1% p.a. for a 3-month forward rate agreement (FRA) starting 1 month from now which is the contracted review period for each 3-month roll-over of the loan. Instead of entering into a FRA, he was told by the company's banker that interest rate futures could also be used to protect the company's interest. He is now undecided on which course of action to take. (a) Assuming the corporate treasurer has decided to enter into a FRA contract over the counter (OTC) with the company's banker, advise him on the gain or loss if the following two scenarios occur: i. if interest rate rises to 7% as expected by the corporate treasurer; ii. if interest rate drops to 5%, contrary to the corporate treasurer's expectation.
A Forward Rate Agreement (FRA) is a contract between two parties in which one party commits to paying a fixed interest rate on a notional principal amount, while the other party commits to paying a floating interest rate indexed to a benchmark rate over a specified period of time.
a) Corporate treasurer enters into FRA with the company's banker and the interest rate rises to 7% as expected:
i. In this scenario, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will be paying interest at 6.1% under the FRA contract while the market rate is 7%. Therefore, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will be paying an extra amount of interest to the bank.
ii. If the interest rate is increased, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will suffer a loss because it would have to pay more interest on the floating-rate loan in the market. At the same time, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will earn a profit because the fixed rate that it locked in under the FRA contract will be lower than the market rate. The gain on the FRA will be the difference between the fixed rate and the market rate, multiplied by the notional principal.
b) Corporate treasurer enters into FRA with the company's banker and the interest rate drops to 5%, contrary to the corporate treasurer's expectation.
i. In this scenario, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will be paying interest at 6.1% under the FRA contract while the market rate is 5%. Therefore, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will be paying less interest to the bank.
ii. If the interest rate decreases, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will earn a profit because it would have to pay less interest on the floating-rate loan in the market. At the same time, XYZEE Sdn. Bhd. will suffer a loss because the fixed rate that it locked in under the FRA contract will be higher than the market rate. The loss on the FRA will be the difference between the fixed rate and the market rate, multiplied by the notional principal.
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The following workers can achieve their given efficiencies at any of the above work centers. If you assign workers in such a way as to maximize nominal capacity, what would the nominal daily capacity be in units per day? (Assume 10 hours per day.)
The nominal capacity in units per day if workers are assigned in such a way as to maximize nominal capacity is 36.56 units/day.
Nominal capacity is the ability of a system, product, or service to produce its maximal output in ideal conditions. We need to determine the nominal daily capacity in units per day if workers are assigned in such a way as to maximize nominal capacity. Assuming 10 hours of work per day, the total capacity of the work centers can be computed as:
Capacity (nominal) = (Number of workers × Efficiency) / Time per unit
Capacity of Work Center 1 (WC1) with Joey and George
Capacity of Joey in WC1 = 1.25 × 0.4 / 0.8 = 0.625
Capacity of George in WC1 = 1.20 × 0.6 / 0.8 = 0.9
Total Capacity of WC1 = 0.625 + 0.9 = 1.525 units/hour
Total Capacity of WC1 in a day = 1.525 × 10 = 15.25 units/day
Capacity of Work Center 2 (WC2) with Will, Nancy, and Tom
Capacity of Will in WC2 = 1.25 × 0.5 / 0.7 = 0.893
Capacity of Nancy in WC2 = 1.15 × 0.2 / 0.3 = 0.767
Capacity of Tom in WC2 = 1.10 × 0.3 / 0.7 = 0.471
Total Capacity of WC2 = 0.893 + 0.767 + 0.471 = 2.131 units/hour
Total Capacity of WC2 in a day = 2.131 × 10 = 21.31 units/day
Therefore, the nominal daily capacity if workers are assigned in such a way as to maximize nominal capacity is 15.25 + 21.31 = 36.56 units/day.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: The following workers can achieve their given efficiencies at any of the above work centers. If you assign workers in such a way as to maximize nominal capacity, what would the nominal daily capacity be in units per day? (Assume 10 hours per day.) Will 1.25 Joey 0.90 Nancy 1.15 Tom 1.10 George 1.20.
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identify an ethical issue related to E-Commerce. Once you select an ethical issue, try to present the two opposing sides without favoring one over the other. For example, you might select consumer data privacy as an ethical concern. What are the arguments for and against consumer data being used in E-Commerce?
a) The ethical issue related to e-commerce that can be selected is consumer data privacy.
b) This ethical issue is concerned with the collection and use of personal information by e-commerce businesses. On one hand, businesses argue that collecting consumer data helps them to improve their services, personalize user experiences, and target advertising more effectively. On the other hand, consumers argue that their privacy is being violated, and they should have the right to control how their personal information is collected and used.
c) Arguments in favor are: Improved Personalization, Targeted Advertising, Enhanced Product Development
Arguments against are: Privacy Concerns, Exploitation and Manipulation, Lack of Transparency and Control.
Consumer data privacy is an ethical issue that arises in the context of e-commerce, where personal information of individuals is collected and used by businesses for various purposes. Here are the arguments for and against consumer data being used in e-commerce, without favoring one side over the other:
Arguments for Consumer Data Being Used in E-commerce:
Improved Personalization: One of the key benefits of using consumer data in e-commerce is the ability to provide personalized experiences. By collecting and analyzing data on consumer preferences, behavior, and demographics, businesses can tailor their offerings to individual customers. This can lead to more relevant product recommendations, personalized marketing messages, and enhanced customer experiences. Targeted Advertising: Consumer data enables businesses to deliver targeted advertisements to specific individuals or groups based on their interests, demographics, and online behavior. This can result in more effective marketing campaigns, reduced ad clutter, and improved ROI for businesses. Targeted advertising can also enhance the user experience by showing ads that are more relevant and useful to consumers. Enhanced Product Development: By analyzing consumer data, businesses can gain insights into market trends, identify emerging needs and preferences, and develop products or services that better meet customer demands. This can lead to improved innovation, increased customer satisfaction, and a competitive advantage in the market.Arguments against Consumer Data Being Used in E-commerce:
Privacy Concerns: The primary ethical concern associated with using consumer data in e-commerce is the potential invasion of privacy. Collecting and storing personal information raises concerns about unauthorized access, data breaches, identity theft, and surveillance. Consumers may feel uncomfortable knowing that their personal data is being used for commercial purposes without their explicit consent or control. Exploitation and Manipulation: Another argument against consumer data use in e-commerce is that it can lead to exploitation and manipulation of individuals. By analyzing consumer behavior, businesses can gain deep insights into personal preferences, vulnerabilities, and decision-making processes. This knowledge can be used to manipulate consumer choices, influence purchasing decisions, or engage in practices that exploit consumer vulnerabilities. Lack of Transparency and Control: Many consumers feel that they lack transparency and control over how their data is collected, used, and shared in e-commerce. The complexity of privacy policies, opaque data practices, and the sharing of personal information with third parties without explicit consent can erode trust and create a sense of powerlessness among consumers.It is important to note that these arguments are not exhaustive, and there are other perspectives and nuances to consider within the broader debate on consumer data privacy in e-commerce. Different stakeholders, such as businesses, consumers, policymakers, and privacy advocates, may have varying priorities and perspectives on the matter.
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Calculate the annual arithmetic mean and geometric mean return on the following security, purchase price = $20; first-year dividend = $2; price after one year = $25; second-year dividend = $2; selling price after two years = $18.
To calculate the arithmetic mean return, we first need to calculate the total return over the two-year period. The total return is the sum of dividends received and the change in the security's price. In this case, the dividends received are $2 for the first year and $2 for the second year. The change in price is the selling price of $18 minus the purchase price of $20, resulting in a loss of $2. Therefore, the total return over the two-year period is $2 + $2 - $2 = $2.
To calculate the arithmetic mean return, we divide the total return by the number of years, which is 2. Thus, the arithmetic mean return is $2 / 2 = $1 per year. To calculate the geometric mean return, we need to calculate the cumulative total return over the two-year period and then convert it into an annualized return. The cumulative total return is calculated as (ending value / starting value)^(1/n) - 1, where n is the number of years. In this case, the ending value is $18, and the starting value is $20, resulting in a ratio of 0.9. The number of years is 2. Therefore, the cumulative total return is (0.9)^(1/2) - 1 = -0.05. To convert the cumulative total return into an annualized return, we raise it to the power of (1/n) and subtract 1, where n is the number of years. In this case, the annualized return is (-0.05)^(1/2) - 1 = -0.0221, or -2.21%.
The annual arithmetic mean return is $1, and the annual geometric mean return is -2.21%.
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Ovida company clinches a contract to supply cleaning services to a nursing home for the next 5 years. Under the contract, the company will be paid $1 million a year. To take up this contract, it would have to invest in new cleaning equipment costing $600,000 which will be depreciated straight-line to zero over 5 years. there is no salvage value at the end of 5 years. labour costs will be $300,000 per year and overheads $250,000 per year. the company will need to invest in net working capital of $350,000. it plans to issue $1 million worth of bonds for the next 5 years at a coupon rate of 6% and will price bonds at par. the company has an existing bank loan of $9 million. the cost of debt from a bank loan is the same as the bonds. the common stock of the company is selling for $10 per share and it has 2 million shares outstanding. expected dividend next year is $1 per share and dividends are expected to grow at 2% per annum. the tax rate is 20%. (a) compute the cost of equity b) calculate weighted average of cost of capital of the company
The cost of equity for Ovida Company is 12%, while the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is approximately 9.9972%.
We can use the dividend growth model, also known as the Gordon growth model, to compute the cost of equity.
The formula is as follows:
Cost of Equity = (Expected Dividend / Current Stock Price) + Growth Rate
Expected Dividend = $1 per share
Current Stock Price = $10 per share
Growth Rate = 2% per annum
Plugging in the values, we have:
Cost of Equity = ($1 / $10) + 0.02 = 0.1 + 0.02 = 0.12 or 12%
To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we need to determine the weights of debt and equity in the company's capital structure.
Since the company plans to issue $1 million worth of bonds and has an existing bank loan of $9 million, the total debt is $10 million.
The equity is calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the stock price, resulting in $20 million ($10 per share * 2 million shares).
The weights are as follows:
Weight of Debt = $10 million / ($10 million + $20 million) = 0.3333 or 33.33%
Weight of Equity = $20 million / ($10 million + $20 million) = 0.6667 or 66.67%
The cost of debt and cost of equity have already been determined as 6% and 12%, respectively. Therefore, the WACC can be calculated as follows:
WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity)
= (0.3333 * 0.06) + (0.6667 * 0.12)
= 0.01998 + 0.079992
= 0.099972 or 9.9972%
Hence, the weighted average cost of capital for the company is approximately 9.9972%.
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The following information summarizes stock price behavior that is consistent with the Black-Scholes model:
Current stock price(S0)=$115
Risk-free interest rate(rf)=2.5% per year (compounded continuously)
Volatility of return(σ)=50% per year
a) A three-month European call option on the stock has a strike price(K) of $110. Calculate the call option price that is consistent with the Black-Scholes model.
b) Determine the value of a three-month European put option on the stock with a strike price (K) of $110.
c) You would like to instantaneously hedge your $15,000 investment in this stock. How many three-month at-the-money European call options you would write? How many three-month at-the-money European put options would you purchase?
a) Call option price is approximately $7.27, b) Put option price is approximately $2.15 and c) Write 2067 call options and purchase 6977 put options to hedge the $15,000 investment.
S0 = Current stock price = $115
K = Strike price = $110
rf = Risk-free interest rate = 2.5% per year
T = Time to expiration in years = 3 months / 12 months = 0.25
σ = Volatility of return = 50% per year
d1 = (ln(S0/K) + (rf + σ [tex]^{2/2}[/tex]) × T) / (σ × √(T))
d2 = d1 - σ × √(T)
N(d1) and N(d2) represent the cumulative standard normal distribution.
Call Option Price = S0 × N(d1) - K × e[tex]^{-rf * T}[/tex] × N(d2)
d1 = (ln(115/110) + (0.025 + (0.5²)/2) × 0.25) / (0.5 × √(0.25))
≈ 0.4629
d2 = 0.4629 - 0.5 × √(0.25)
≈ 0.2129
N(d1) ≈ 0.6808 and N(d2) ≈ 0.5832.
Call Option Price = 115 × 0.6808 - 110 × e[tex]^{(-0.025 * 0.25)}[/tex] × 0.5832
≈ $7.27
the call option price consistent with the Black-Scholes model is approximately $7.27.
b) Put Option Price = K × e[tex]^{(-rf * T)}[/tex] × N(-d2) - S0 × N(-d1)
Put Option Price = 110 × e[tex]^{(-0.025 * 0.25)}[/tex] × N(-0.2129) - 115 × N(-0.4629)
≈ $2.15
c) Number of call options = Investment amount / Call option price
= $15,000 / $7.27
≈ 2066.75 = 2067
Number of put options = Investment amount / Put option price
= $15,000 / $2.15
≈ 6976.74 = 6977
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the deterministic approach to estimates determines the estimate by ____
The deterministic approach to estimates determines the estimate by using a single value for each input variable.
The value of each input variable is assumed to be known with certainty and is not considered to be uncertain or probabilistic.
A deterministic approach is an approach that assumes that the future will be the same as the present and the past. Deterministic systems are described as systems that can be predicted with a degree of accuracy because the inputs and outputs are constant.
Deterministic estimates of the project cost or duration are based on known or fixed values. Deterministic estimates are calculated by adding up all of the expected costs for each project activity or component.
The deterministic approach to estimates ignores the possible range of values for each input variable and assumes that each variable's value is known with certainty.
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You want to buy a new car, but you can make an initial payment of only $1,400 and can afford monthly payments of at most $800. a. If the APR on auto loans is 12% and you finance the purchase over 48 months, what is the maximum price you can pay for the car? b. How much can you afford if you finance the purchase over 60 months? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
a. If you finance the purchase over 48 months with an APR of 12%, the maximum price you can pay for the car is approximately $33,562.57.
b. If you finance the purchase over 60 months, the maximum price you can pay for the car is approximately $35,968.99.
a. To determine the maximum price you can pay for the car when financing over 48 months with an APR of 12%, we need to consider the initial payment, monthly payments, and the loan terms.
Given information:
Initial payment: $1,400
Monthly payments: $800
APR: 12%
Loan term: 48 months
First, let's calculate the total amount you can afford to borrow. This will be the sum of your initial payment and the present value of the monthly payments:
Total loan amount = Initial payment + Present value of monthly payments
The present value of monthly payments can be calculated using the formula for present value of an annuity:
Present value = Monthly payment * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where:
r = monthly interest rate = (1 + APR)^(1/12) - 1
n = number of months
Let's calculate the present value of the monthly payments:
r = (1 + 0.12)^(1/12) - 1
r = 0.0099 (rounded to 4 decimal places)
n = 48
Present value = $800 * (1 - (1 + 0.0099)^(-48)) / 0.0099
Present value ≈ $32,162.57 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Now, let's calculate the total loan amount:
Total loan amount = $1,400 + $32,162.57
Total loan amount ≈ $33,562.57 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the maximum price you can pay for the car when financing over 48 months is approximately $33,562.57.
b. If you finance the purchase over 60 months, we need to recalculate the present value of the monthly payments and the total loan amount using the new loan term of 60 months.
Given information:
Loan term: 60 months
Let's calculate the present value of the monthly payments for a loan term of 60 months:
n = 60
Present value = $800 * (1 - (1 + 0.0099)^(-60)) / 0.0099
Present value ≈ $34,568.99 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Now, let's calculate the total loan amount:
Total loan amount = $1,400 + $34,568.99
Total loan amount ≈ $35,968.99 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, if you finance the purchase over 60 months, the maximum price you can pay for the car is approximately $35,968.99.
a. If you finance the purchase over 48 months with an APR of 12%, the maximum price you can pay for the car is approximately $33,562.57.
b. If you finance the purchase over 60 months, the maximum price you can pay for the car is approximately $35,968.99.
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evidence that people understand the association principle is demonstrated in all of the following examples except:
The association principle is a common cognitive bias that can lead people to make incorrect assumptions. Therefore, critical thinking and skepticism are essential tools to avoid falling into this trap.
The association principle is a cognitive phenomenon that occurs when an individual assumes a relationship or correlation between two events or objects when one happens in the presence of the other. Evidence that people understand the association principle is demonstrated in the following examples, except in one:
Sample A: Tim started jogging every day for a week, and he got promoted to the position he had been hoping for at work. People assume that Tim's promotion is associated with jogging.
Sample B: After the city installed new traffic lights, the number of car accidents decreased. People assume that the new traffic lights caused the decrease in the number of car accidents.
Sample C: The number of babies born in a town is correlated with the number of storks. People assume that storks bring babies to families.
Sample D: A few days after eating shrimp, Maria experienced abdominal pain and nausea. People assume that the shrimp caused Maria's symptoms.
All the examples except for sample C show evidence that people understand the association principle. The stork-babies correlation is a well-known example of a spurious correlation, in which two variables seem to be related, but they are not. This correlation was used to explain the increase in birth rates in certain regions, but it has been debunked as a fallacy.In conclusion, the association principle is a common cognitive bias that can lead people to make incorrect assumptions. Therefore, critical thinking and skepticism are essential tools to avoid falling into this trap.
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identity and briefly describe each of the common financial
ratios addressed in your text. Please discuss at least 5 ratios in
your answer
1. Current Ratio: The current ratio measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations.
is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. A higher current ratio indicates a better ability to cover short-term liabilities.
2. Debt-to-Equity Ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio assesses the proportion of a company's financing that comes from debt compared to equity. It is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity. A higher ratio indicates a higher reliance on debt financing, which may increase financial risk.
3. Return on Equity (ROE): ROE measures a company's profitability in relation to shareholders' equity. It is calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity. ROE provides insight into how effectively a company is generating profits from the invested equity.
4. Gross Profit Margin: The gross profit margin represents the profitability of a company's core operations. It is calculated by dividing gross profit by net sales. The gross profit margin reveals how efficiently a company is managing its production costs and pricing strategies.
5. Earnings per Share (EPS): EPS measures the profitability of a company on a per-share basis. It is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. EPS helps investors assess the profitability and value of a company's shares.
These ratios provide different perspectives on a company's financial performance and health. It is important to consider them in conjunction with other financial indicators and industry benchmarks to gain a comprehensive understanding of a company's financial position.
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1. Choose a concept from the textbook and describe it in the context of your company. 2. The concept cannot have already been posted by anyone else. 3. Write 750 words (minimum) and include any sources you use at the end. 4. For full credit, there may be no typos, misspellings, or missing punctuation. Attention to detail please!
1. Our company operates on the concept of "customer-centricity," which focuses on placing the customer at the core of all our decisions and actions.
To ensure uniqueness, I'll describe the concept of "agile project management" and its application within our company.
3. Agile project management is an iterative and flexible approach that emphasizes collaboration, adaptability, and continuous improvement. It allows our company to respond quickly to changing market demands, deliver value incrementally, and maximize customer satisfaction. By breaking projects into smaller, manageable tasks called sprints, we can ensure regular feedback, transparency, and efficient resource allocation. Agile principles such as self-organizing teams and customer involvement empower our employees to make decisions and create innovative solutions. Through regular retrospectives, we identify areas for improvement and refine our processes. Agile project management enables us to mitigate risks, embrace change, and deliver high-quality products or services within shorter timeframes.
Sources:
1. "Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products" by Jim Highsmith.2. "The Agile Samurai: How Agile Masters Deliver Great Software" by Jonathan Rasmusson.
3. "Agile Estimating and Planning" by Mike Cohn.4. "Scrum: The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time" by Jeff Sutherland.
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Distinguish Between: Expectations theory and segmented markets theory of the term structure of interest rates
Distinguish Between: Distinguish Between: (M2) and (M2+) of the monetary aggregates of the Bank of Canada
Distinguish Between: Commodity Money & Token Money
1.(A) Expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates: Expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates is a theory that proposes that the forward rate or the expected future short-term interest rates can be used to determine the long-term interest rates. In other words, the interest rate of a long-term bond can be considered as the average of the expected future short-term interest rates over the life of the bond.
(B) Segmented markets theory of the term structure of interest rates: The Segmented markets theory of the term structure of interest rates proposes that the short-term and long-term interest rates are determined by two different markets which are separated from each other. In this theory, it is believed that long-term interest rates are determined by the supply and demand forces in the long-term market while short-term interest rates are determined by the supply and demand forces in the short-term market.
2. M2 and M2+ of the monetary aggregates of the Bank of Canada: M2 and M2+ are the two different monetary aggregates that are used by the Bank of Canada. M2 includes all the components of M1 (currency and demand deposits) as well as other types of deposits like savings deposits and term deposits. On the other hand, M2+ includes all the components of M2 as well as deposits of foreign residents in Canadian banks.
3. Commodity money & Token money: Commodity money is a type of money that has intrinsic value and is made up of a valuable commodity like gold, silver, etc. In other words, it is a type of money that has some value beyond its use as money. On the other hand, Token money is a type of money that has no intrinsic value and is made up of materials like paper, plastic, etc. Token money has value only because it is accepted as a medium of exchange by the people.
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A. New employee training gives them real-world job experience, and a trainer will assist them for a few days to familiarize them with their tasks.
B. It is also beneficial to improve staff communication and information sharing, which aids collaborative productivity.
C. Training is also beneficial for increasing new employee enthusiasm and establishing relationships with existing staff.
D. Training is beneficial to employees' job satisfaction since it improves their abilities and knowledge in the workplace.
E. Training reduces the likelihood of errors and accidents by informing new employees about mistakes made while on the job.
F. New workers may build good communication and relationships via training, which will help them operate more effectively in a team.
Starting with step A, where would the trainer assist the new hire? How many are a few days? How will you know when the new hire training is over?
The trainer will assist the new hire for a few days to familiarize them with their tasks. The duration of the assistance by the trainer will depend on the level of complexity of the job.
You will know when the new hire training is over when the new hire completes their training module and passes the tests or assessments related to their training.Training has many benefits for the new hire, such as getting real-world job experience and improving their abilities and knowledge in the workplace. Furthermore, training is beneficial in reducing the likelihood of errors and accidents by informing new employees about mistakes made while on the job.
Training is also essential for increasing new employee enthusiasm and establishing relationships with existing staff, which aids in staff communication and information sharing and helps with collaborative productivity.New workers may build good communication and relationships via training, which will help them operate more effectively in a team. This will enable them to complete their tasks efficiently and effectively, leading to an improvement in their job satisfaction.
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(From Denhardt et al, chapter 9) What are the seven basics of effective listening? Discuss the "Six Cs" for effective written communication.
(From Denhardt et al, chapter 10) What is the New Public Management reform movement? How has it changed the way government operates and its role in the governance system? Please provide some examples.
The seven basics of effective listening are: 1) Pay attention, 2) Withhold judgment, 3) Reflect, 4) Clarify, 5) Summarize, 6) Share, and 7) Be patient. Effective written communication follows the "Six Cs": 1) Completeness (including all necessary information), 2) Conciseness (using clear and concise language), 3) Consideration (being mindful of the audience), 4) Clarity (making the message easy to understand), 5) Concreteness (using specific and tangible details), and 6) Courtesy (using polite and respectful language).
The New Public Management (NPM) reform movement is an approach to public administration that emphasizes market-oriented techniques and private sector management principles. It aims to increase efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability in the public sector. NPM has changed the way government operates by introducing concepts such as performance measurement, decentralization, privatization, and contracting out of public services.
For example, governments have implemented performance-based budgeting, where funding is tied to achieving specific outcomes. They have also introduced public-private partnerships, where private companies collaborate with the government to deliver services. Additionally, outsourcing of services, such as IT support or waste management, to private contractors is another manifestation of NPM.
Overall, NPM has shifted the role of government from a direct provider of services to a regulator and purchaser, focusing on results and customer satisfaction.
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Wallace's income is too high to make contributions to a Roth IRA. He would like to convert his traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. His current balance is $205,000 which include $36,575 in nondeductible contributions. How much of the conversion will be subject to tax?
Wallace's income is too high to make contributions to a Roth IRA. He would like to convert his traditional IRA to a Roth IRA. His current balance is $205,000 which includes $36,575 in nondeductible contributions. f Wallace converts the entire $205,000 balance from his traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, he would owe tax on the earnings and any tax-deductible contributions.
Because he has made $36,575 in nondeductible contributions, the portion of the conversion that is tax-free is the ratio of nondeductible contributions to the total balance of the traditional IRA. Here's how to calculate it:Ratio of nondeductible contributions = nondeductible contributions / total traditional IRA balance.
Ratio of nondeductible contributions = $36,575 / $205,000.Ratio of nondeductible contributions = 0.178.If Wallace converts the entire $205,000 balance, $36,575 will be tax-free and the remaining $168,425 will be subject to tax.
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You wish to open a savings account in a Swiss bank. Credit Suisse offers an account that pays 0.12% per month compounded daily. UBS offers an account that pays 1.2% per year compounded quarterly. Which should you choose to maximize your earned interest? Assume 30 days per month for simplicity.
To maximize earned interest, you should choose the UBS account, which offers a higher interest rate of 1.2% per year compounded quarterly.
To compare the two savings accounts, we need to calculate the effective annual interest rate (EAR) for each account. The EAR takes into account the compounding frequency and allows for an accurate comparison of interest rates.
For the Credit Suisse account, which pays 0.12% per month compounded daily, we can calculate the EAR using the formula: EAR = (1 + (r/n))^n - 1, where r is the nominal interest rate and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
For the Credit Suisse account:
Nominal interest rate (r) = 0.12% per month = 0.0012
Compounding periods per year (n) = 365 (assuming daily compounding)
Using the formula, we get: EAR = (1 + (0.0012/365))^365 - 1 ≈ 0.1443 or 14.43% per year.
For the UBS account, which pays 1.2% per year compounded quarterly, we can directly use the nominal interest rate as the EAR.
For the UBS account:
Nominal interest rate = 1.2% per year = 0.012
Therefore, the UBS account has an EAR of 1.2% per year.
Comparing the two accounts, the UBS account offers a higher interest rate of 1.2% per year, which is higher than the 0.1443% per year offered by the Credit Suisse account. Therefore, to maximize your earned interest, you should choose the UBS account.
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when a business passes on taxes they have paid to consumers, for example increased rent to cover property tax paid, they are
When a business passes on taxes they have paid to consumers, such as increased rent to cover property tax, they are engaging in tax shifting or tax incidence.
Tax shifting occurs when a business, faced with the burden of taxes imposed by the government, adjusts its prices or costs to transfer the tax burden to consumers or other parties. In the case of increased rent to cover property tax paid by the business, the business is essentially passing on the tax burden to its tenants or customers in the form of higher rental prices.
The mechanism behind tax shifting is based on the principle of supply and demand. When a business experiences an increase in costs due to taxes, it seeks to maintain its profitability by adjusting its prices. By increasing the rent, the business aims to shift the burden of the property tax to the tenants, who end up paying a higher price for the use of the property.
It's important to note that tax shifting is not always possible or straightforward. The ability of a business to shift taxes depends on various factors, including the elasticity of demand and the competitiveness of the market. In some cases, businesses may absorb a portion of the tax burden themselves, especially if increasing prices significantly would lead to a loss of customers or if the market is highly competitive.
When a business passes on taxes they have paid to consumers, they are engaging in tax shifting. This practice involves adjusting prices or costs to transfer the tax burden to consumers or other parties. However, the extent to which businesses can successfully shift taxes depends on market conditions and the elasticity of demand.
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The owner of a bicycle repair shop forecasts revenues of $204,000 a year. Variable costs will be $61,000, and rental costs for the shop are $41,000 a year. Depreciation on the repair tools will be $21,000.
a. Prepare an income statement for the shop based on these estimates. The tax rate is 20%.
b. Calculate the operating cash flow for the repair shop using the three methods given below:
Now calculate the operating cash flow.
Dollars in minus dollars out.
Adjusted accounting profits.
Add back depreciation tax shield.
Based on the given estimates, the income statement for the bicycle repair shop reveals a forecasted revenue of $204,000.
The income statement for the bicycle repair shop is as follows:
Revenue: $204,000
Variable Costs: $61,000
Rental Costs: $41,000
Depreciation: $21,000
Operating Profit (Revenue - Variable Costs - Rental Costs - Depreciation): $81,000
Taxable Income (Operating Profit - Depreciation): $60,000
Tax Expense (Taxable Income * Tax Rate): $12,000
Net Income (Taxable Income - Tax Expense): $48,000
To calculate the operating cash flow using the three methods:
1. Dollars In Minus Dollars Out:
Operating Cash Flow = Revenue - Variable Costs - Rental Costs = $204,000 - $61,000 - $41,000 = $102,000
2. Adjusted Accounting Profits:
Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + Depreciation = $48,000 + $21,000 = $69,000
3. Adding Back Depreciation Tax Shield:
Depreciation Tax Shield = Depreciation * Tax Rate = $21,000 * 20% = $4,200
Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + Depreciation + Depreciation Tax Shield = $48,000 + $21,000 + $4,200 = $73,200
Therefore, the operating cash flow for the bicycle repair shop is projected to be $102,000 using the dollars in minus dollars out method, $69,000 using the adjusted accounting profits method, and $73,200 by adding back the depreciation tax shield.
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Which of the following situations is a natural monopoly? (Check all that apply.) Multiple answers:
a One company owns almost all available bauxite (the mineral needed to produce aluminum). b The U.S. Postal Service is given the exclusive right to deliver first-class mail. с The only electricity supplier in a region experiences diseconomies of scale. d One water supplier in a city can provide its service at a lower average cost than two or more suppliers could.
Among the given situations, the following "The U.S. Postal Service is given the exclusive right to deliver first-class mail" is a natural monopoly. Therefore the correct option is b. The U.S. Postal Service is given the exclusive right to deliver first-class mail.
A natural monopoly refers to a situation in which a single company or entity has an unavoidable monopoly in an industry due to its inherent characteristics or efficiencies. Let's analyze each situation:
a. One company owns almost all available bauxite (the mineral needed to produce aluminum).
This statement is false because it does not indicate exclusive control or possession of the resource by one company. Multiple businesses can access the bauxite with ease, which means it does not meet the criteria for a natural monopoly.
b. The U.S. Postal Service is given the exclusive right to deliver first-class mail.
This statement is correct as it describes a natural monopoly. The U.S. Postal Service has been granted the exclusive right to deliver first-class mail, giving them a monopoly over this particular service.
c. The only electricity supplier in a region experiences diseconomies of scale.
This statement is false because diseconomies of scale occur when production costs rise as production increases. In the case of a single electricity supplier in a region, they are likely to experience economies of scale, not diseconomies of scale. Therefore, this situation does not qualify as a natural monopoly.
d. One water supplier in a city can provide its service at a lower average cost than two or more suppliers could.
This statement is correct as it describes a natural monopoly. When multiple suppliers provide the same product in the same region, the cost of production and distribution increases. In this case, having one water supplier that can provide the service at a lower average cost compared to multiple suppliers indicates a natural monopoly.
Among the given situations, the U.S. Postal Service having the exclusive right to deliver first-class mail and one water supplier in a city providing service at a lower average cost than multiple suppliers are examples of natural monopolies. However, the ownership of bauxite by one company and the electricity supplier in a region experiencing diseconomies of scale do not represent natural monopolies.
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Techcom inc. reported 30,000$ of total revenues, 18,000$ of total
expense, and 3,000$ of owner withdrawals at year-end 2020. to close
the income summary account, techcom would:
Debit income summary, 30,000 BD; credit capital, 30,000 BD. O Debit capital, 30,000 BD; Credit income summary, 30,000 BD O Debit income summary, 12,000 BD; credit capital, 12,000 BD. O Debit capital
To close the income summary account, Techcom would debit income summary for $30,000 and credit capital for $30,000.
Closing the income summary account involves transferring the net income or net loss to the capital account. Since Techcom reported $30,000 of total revenues and $18,000 of total expenses, the net income would be $12,000 ($30,000 - $18,000).
To close the income summary account, the following journal entry would be made:
Debit: Income Summary $12,000
Credit: Capital $12,000
This entry transfers the net income to the capital account, effectively closing the income summary account.
To close the income summary account, Techcom would debit income summary for $12,000 and credit capital for $12,000.
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Your company has earnings per share of $5.65. It has 1.45 million shares outstanding, each of which has a price of $96. You are thinking of buying TargetCo, which has earnings per share of $1.50, 1.24 million shares outstanding, and a price per share of $32.40. You will pay for TargetCo by issuing new shares. There are no expected synergies from the transaction. a) If you pay no premium to buy TargetCo, what will your earnings per share be after the merger? b) What will your price-to-earnings ratio be after the merger? How does this compare to the P/E ratio before the merger? How does this compare to TargetCo's premerger P/E ratio? c) Suppose you offer an exchange ratio such that, at current pre-announcement share prices for both firms, the offer represents a 10% premium to buy TargetCo. What will your earnings per share be after the merger?
a) If the company pay no premium to buy Target Co, the earnings per share of the company after the merger will be calculated as follows: Earnings per share of the company = [(Earnings of the company before the merger * Number of shares outstanding) + (Earnings of the Target Co * Number of shares outstanding)] / Total Number of shares outstanding.
So, Earnings of the company before the merger = Earnings per share * Number of shares outstanding= $5.65 * 1.45 million = $8,192,500Earnings of the TargetCo = Earnings per share * Number of shares outstanding= $1.50 * 1.24 million = $1,860,000Therefore, Earnings per share of the company after the merger = ($8,192,500 + $1,860,000) / (1.45 million + 1.24 million) = $4.05Thus, the earnings per share of the company after the merger would be $4.05.b) Price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio = Price per share / Earnings per share. Before the merger, the P/E ratio of the company = $96 / $5.65 = 16.99After the merger, the P/E ratio of the company = $96 / $4.05 = 23.70The P/E ratio of the company after the merger would be higher than the P/E ratio before the merger, which means the company's stock price would be higher after the merger compared to the pre-merger level. The pre-merger P/E ratio of TargetCo cannot be determined from the given information.
c) If the company offer an exchange ratio that represents a 10% premium to buy TargetCo, then the number of new shares that would be issued by the company to purchase TargetCo is calculated as follows: Number of new shares to be issued = (Value of TargetCo / Current market price of the company's share) / 1.1= [(1.24 million * $32.40) / $96] / 1.1= 44,218 shares Now, the total number of shares of the company after the merger would be 1.45 million + 1.24 million + 44,218 = 2.73 million. Earnings per share of the company after the merger = [(Earnings of the company before the merger * Number of shares outstanding) + (Earnings of TargetCo * Number of shares outstanding)] / Total Number of shares outstanding. Earnings of the company before the merger = $5.65 * 1.45 million = $8,192,500Earnings of TargetCo = $1.50 * 1.24 million = $1,860,000Therefore, Earnings per share of the company after the merger = ($8,192,500 + $1,860,000) / 2.73 million= $3.36Thus, the earnings per share of the company after the merger would be $3.36.
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