How was the process used to construct the tree of life by Carl Woese different from the process used by Jill Banfield?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer and Explanation:

Carl Woese used ribosomal RNA genes to study the evolution of living beings. He used these genes because they are present in all organisms, and they all have the same function. The nucleotide sequences change very little, giving a real evolutive vision. Woese compared ribosomal genes among different living beings. The sharper the sequence variation is among two organisms, the bigger the evolutive divergence is. This divergence drowned in a phylogenetic tree shows three well-differentiated domains: Archea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Jillian Banfield used genes from 16 ribosomal proteins from many different unknown microorganism species. She and her team used metagenomic methods that are the simultaneous analysis of multiple genomes belonging to many organisms in the same sample. These methods allowed detecting different organisms, even when these were neither previously observed nor lab-cultivated. The comparison among these new genomes with many others already known made a place for the construction of a new and more detailed tree of life where many new branches emerged from the three domains.

Related Questions

Which best describes why active transport requires atp to move molecules across the cell membrane?




A. Molecules are moved with the concentration gradient

B. Molecules are moved against the concentration gradient

C. No net movement of molecules needs to occur

Answers

Answer:

B. Molecules are moved against the concentration gradient.

Explanation:

Due to the higher concentration of the molecules of one of the sides than the other,in order to move molecules from the side with higher concentration of molecules to the side of lower concentration of molecules which is against the movement of molecules across the membrane, energy must be applied i.e atp.

The reason active transport requires ATP to move molecules across the cell membrane is because molecules are moved against the concentration gradient.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT:

Active transport is a type of cellular transport that requires the input of energy in form of ATP. Examples of active transport are pumping of Na+/K+ ions, exocytosis etc.

Active transport requires ATP because molecules are being moved against concentration gradient. This means that molecules are moved from regions of low concentration to that of high concentration.

Passive transport, which does not require energy, moves molecules down a concentration gradient.

Therefore, the reason active transport requires ATP to move molecules across the cell membrane is because molecules are moved against the concentration gradient.

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Plants need carbon dioxide in order to survive plant get this gas from blank which is something all organisms need

Answers

Answer:

All organisms need air. There are organisms called anaerobic organisms that don’t need oxygen, but all organisms need air.

Explanation:

Answer:

air

Explanation:

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the

A( products of the reaction
B( speed of the reaction
C( pH of the reaction.
D( temperature of the reaction

Answers

Answer:

B( speed of the reaction

In humans, what does
oogenesis produce?

Answers

Eggs

Explanation:

Production of egg is called oogenesis. (One egg)

Why are plants in the alpine biome typically low growing?
a

Answers

Answer:

They have limited access to nutrients

Explanation:

I guess you forgot to but the answer choices, but that's okay!!!

Answer: Because  The soil in the alpine biome is rocky and nutrient poor. Plants that live in the alpine biome must be suited to the nutrient poor soil.

Explanation: They take longer to grow because of there environment

All of the following contain only glucose EXCEPT​

Answers

what are the answer choices

Compare and contrast the photic and midnight zone.

HELLLLLLPPPPPPP MEEEEEE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
come on its 20 points plsss help me
i will give Brainliest

Answers

Answer:

In an oceanic environment the photic zone is the zone where light can be received it's usually from 0 to 200 m deep but this depth can be modified by the turbidity of the water. The aphotic zone is the zone where no light is receives it goes from 200 to the bottom of the sea.

Explanation:

Observe: Click Reset. Move the Initial cell volume slider back and forth. How does the initial cell volume affect the solute concentrations inside and outside the cell?

Answers

It might be the cell volume enlarges which affects the solute inside and out

What do you think would happen to a shell-less ("naked") egg if water passed through the membrane

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

I think it will wash out the yolk and something else out

If distance=rate x time, which of the following must also be true?
A- rate= distance x time
B- time= distance/rate
C- distance= rate/time
D- time= rate/distance

Answers

D is the correct answer I believe it is correct

If distance = rate x time

then,

Time = Distance/Rate

Hence, Option B is correct.

Time is directly proportional to distance.

What is meant by Rate?The ratio of two related numbers expressed in several units is known as a rate in mathematics. If one of these numbers is used as the ratio's denominator and it is assumed that this quantity may be modified in a predictable way (i.e., is an independent variable), then the numerator of the ratio represents the rate of change in the other (dependent) variable.Speed, heart rate, and flux are examples of common rates that are expressed as "per unit of time." Exchange rates, literacy rates, and electric field are a few ratios that don't need time as the denominator (in volts per meter).A rate that is defined using two numbers of the same units will provide a dimensionless quantity that can be stated as a percentage, fraction, or multiple. Examples of these rates include tax rates and literacy rates.

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______ Process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane. This occuers when taking in ______ molecules, clumps of food or whole cells.​

Answers

Answer: Endocytosis, more

May not be right but ik the first one may be

Explanation:

How do scientist provide solution for many of the worlds problem

Answers

Answer:

Through the use of technology.

Helpppp for forensic science I need to know what a cup would be classified as evidence wise. options biological, physical, impression or trace evidence.

Answers

Answer:

Options biological

Explanation:

There are traces in a cup where human dna can be found

When you pour liquid in a test tube, the edges of the water curve upward. This is an example of

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

When water is poured in a test tube, all the water goes to the bottom, because of gravity. When it all goes to the bottom, some of the molecules get pushed out of the way, especially in a thin, long container ( like a test tube)

Predators tend to feed on the and the

Answers

Answer:

Is there more parts to this question?

Explanation:

The only thing I can think of is Prey, or Prey animals..? if there is more parts to this question feel free to drop the full question in the comments and I will attempt to answer it!

Name this molecule *
Н
Н
Н
Н
Н
Н
Н
Н
Н
с
C
с
— 0 —
с
с
Н
На
Н
|
Н
Н
Н
Н

Answers

Answer:

ummmmm what in the world is that- 0_0

Explanation:


WeWhat are the symbols for the SIX
elements that make up 99% of the atoms
in the human body?

Answers

Answer:

The 6 Main Elements are Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, Nitrogen, calcium & phosphorus

Explanation:

99% of the atoms in the human body come from 6 elements: Hydrogen at about 63%, oxygen (around 25%), carbon (nearly 11%), nitrogen (nearly 0.7%), calcium (0.25%), phosphorus (0.15%) and Calcium which is essential for our bones, & contains 99% of the calcium in the human body

I agree with the person above

BEST ANSWER WILL GET BRAINLIEST!

Skin cells,

A: Have terminally differentiated

B: Become quiescent quickly

C: Become senescent quickly

D: Continually replicate


Which type of cell undergoes terminal differentiation?,

A: Stem cells

B: Epithelial cells

C: Hair cells

D: Heart cells


DNA replicates in the,

A: Cytoplasm

B: Cell membrane

C: Endoplasmic Reticulum

D: Nucleus


Which of the following might affect gene expression in a complex organism?,

A: The cells adjacency to other kinds of cells

B: The number of chromosomes being copied

C: The amount of time a cell takes to replicate

D: The ability to reverse terminal differentiation


What replicates during mitosis?,

A: Cytoplasm

B: Proteins

C: Organelles

D: DNA

Answers

Answer:1B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D not sure about 4 and 5 but the rest are right

Explanation:

Answer:

(Not using letters as they vary)

1. Skin cells...

become senescent quickly.

2. Which type of cell undergoes terminal differentiation?

Heart cells

3. DNA replicates in the...

Nucleus

4. Which of the following might affect gene expression in a complex organism?

The types of cells near the site

5.  What replicates during mitosis?

cells

Explanation:

Hope this helps :D

Diabetes is often suspected when glucose shows up in urine tests. Use the model to explain how glucose could be present in urine. Why do you think this symptom is especially concerning for young people?

Answers

Answer:

S.A for Edmentum and Plato

Like and Rate

In step 1, blood goes to the kidney for filtration. If excess sugar exists in the blood, the filtered substances will have more sugar than they do in a person who doesn’t have diabetes. In step 2, there is some reabsorption of sugar. But if there’s an unusually high amount to filter, some sugar will stay in the urine as it passes through the renal tubule to be excreted by the body. This symptom is concerning because it could stress the kidney, which could lead to kidney problems at a young age.

HEEEEEELLLLLPPPPPP!
Do you think prokaryotic cells would more closely be compared to the “one-room efficiency apartment” or the mansion from the introduction?_____________________________ Explain. ________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Are prokaryotic cells able to build proteins? _____________
How do you know? ________________________________________________________________


Are prokaryotic cells able to control what comes in and out of the cell? ____________
How do you know? ________________________________________________________________


Some prokaryotic cells have a feature that allows them to move around. Which feature labeled above do you think would help them move? ______________________________


How is the location of DNA in a prokaryotic cell different than in a eukaryotic cell? ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________


Bacteria have 3 main shapes; coccus (sphere-shaped), spirillum (spiral-shaped), and bacillus (rod-shaped).
On the model above, place a circle around the coccus bacterium.
Place a “squiggly” oval around the spirillum bacterium.
Place a rectangle around the bacillus bacterium.


Develop a way to help you remember the shapes of bacteria:
Coccus-_____________________________________________________________________
Spirillum- ____________________________________________________________________
Bacillus- _____________________________________________________________________

Answers

Answer:

I have know idea sorry

Explanation:

um yeah ask like someone else lol

During meiosis, chromosome pairs randomly line up along each side of the cell equator. This arrangement mixes up the chromosomal combinations, which _______.


helps ensure reproductive success.


helps maintain all the previous generation's characteristics.


helps create and maintain genetic diversity.


helps ensure an equal number of males and females in the next generation.

Answers

Answer:  C is the answer

do some research about the topic

please answer this thanks!

Answers

Answer:

DNA moecules C

Explanation:

hope this helps

c (dna molecules) :)

PLEASE ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS COMPLETELY!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!
DOC 1 Questions:
A. Is the suspected father actually the father of this child?
B. How do you know?

Answers

Answer:

He is not the father

Explanation:

As it says, the DNA matches up half of the time. The mother and child have 2/4 markers lined up, while the suspected father has no similar geonomes.

Need a answer really fast in 10 minutes

Answers

B. the addition of one phosphate group

Answer:

The second option. By the addition of one phosphate group

Explanation:

ADP is converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group. The conversion takes place in the substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, known as the cytoplasm, or in special energy-producing structures called mitochondria.

what happens to the chromosomes and nucleus during prophase?

actually environmental science own words please

Answers

Answer:

Hmm. Here's my answer:

When this happens, they (the chromosomes), condense. And for the nucleolus, that disappears, while the nuclear envelope breaks down.

True or False. More force is needed to move an object if you move the fulcrum closer to the load?
1. False
2. True

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

if the fulcrum is closer to the load, it is esier and requires less force.

Answer:false

Explanation:A lever is a simple machine that is used to lift or move heavy loads by use of relatively smaller forces. It uses a fixed support or hinge known as a fulcrum.

population sizes of three African animals in 1990 and in 2000.

Answers

Lion and cheetah populations compete for the food source of zebras, and lions outcompete cheetah.

Limiting factors are those factors in the ecosystem which can limit the growth of population of a species in an ecosystem. Predation and competition are two limiting factors in the ecosystem that can decrease or extinct the population of a species. Predation is a limiting factor in which predatory organisms are dependent upon a prey organisms. This is natures way of limiting the surplus growth of prey population and to maintain a balance in ecological community. Competition is a limiting factor in which one or more same or different type of organisms compete for the same resource in an ecosystem. The one which is more competitive will derive those resources other than the one which is less competitive.

According to the given data, it is evident that the population decline in predator cheetah and lion populations because of decline in zebra population but the decline in cheetah population is more than that of lion. It explains the fact that lion is more competitive than cheetah in deriving the food which is already limited. Therefore, lion outcompete cheetah.

Why does PE = mgh equal PE = Fw h ?

Answers

Answer:

Why is potential energy MGH?

Potential energy is energy an object has because of its position relative to some other object. ... For the gravitational force the formula is P.E. = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s2 at the surface of the earth) and h is the height in meters.

Explanation:

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Which two scientists incorrectly named the compound?

A. Adele and Halley
B. Ethel and Kate
C. Kate and Audrey
✓ D. Audrey and Ethel

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation:

Answer would be Letter D

The park is able to support maximum population of 4,500 bison. The bison began to migrate when the population eschew 4,000 because ofcompetition for food . If the current population size of bison is 3,652 and the maximum growth rate of the population is 0.28 calculate the population size after one year

Answers

Answer

Nt= 698.65

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, the complete explanation for the answer is as an attached file.

           

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