Answers
Answer:
1. Amino acid
7. RNA
5. Nucleic acid
3. DNA
6. Protein
2. Catalyst
8. Substrate
Explanation:
1. AMINO ACIDS are the basic building block of proteins; they contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH 2) in their structure. 2. A CATALYST is any substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. 3. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule containing the genetic code. It carries all the genetic information of living organisms. 4. AN ENZYME is a protein molecule that is specialized to speed up a specific chemical reaction in biological systems. It is referred to as a biological catalyst because it speeds up a chemical reaction in living systems. 5. NUCLEIC ACID is a sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous organic bases. A nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) is a polymer of nucleotides, which are composed of the three molecules mentioned above. A sequence of nucleotides forms a NUCLEIC ACID. 6. PROTEIN is a large, complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The amino acid building blocks are linked together in a condensation reaction and catalyzed by Peptidyl transferase enzyme. 7. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of nucleic acid that participates in the synthesis of proteins. RNA is of three types viz: mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. They all play a role in the process of protein synthesis. 8. A SUBSTRATE is a compound that is involved in a chemical reaction and is chemically changed by the reaction. The substrate usually forms part of the reactant that yields the product.
(see attached)
Related Questions
Moving molecules from low to high
concentration requires energy.
This is the opposite of diffusion.
What is this process called?
Answers
Answer:
Active transport
Explanation:
Diffusion is when particles (like perfume) spread out everywhere from an area where there is a lot of it to where there is a little to none of it. Active transport is the opposite. A cell for example would use it's own energy to absorb nutrients when it already has quite a lot. Naturally diffusion would make the particles or nutrients go out of the cell because there is a lot of it inside the cell not outside, so active transport is used to absorb as much as the cell can from around it, even when it is full.
Which method best helps to prevent wind erosion?
O rotating crops
O decreasing riverbank slopes
O more animal grazing
O avoiding soil compaction
Answers
The best method that help to prevent wind erosion is decreasing riverbank slopes. The correct option is A.
What is wind erosion?Wind erosion is the erosion of the top layer of the soil by wind. Top layer contain nutrients of the soil, is it eroded the soil become of fewer nutrients and quality.
Thus, the correct option is A. decreasing riverbank slopes.
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Answer: a. rotating crops
Explanation:
What are the fnctions of ovule and sepal.
If u write good answer i will keep u in mark as brainlist.
Answers
Answer:
Ovule is the organ responsible for the formation and containment of reproductive cells and it consist of majorly three parts which are integuments (the outer part), the nucellus and the gametophyte
Sepal acts majorly as a defender providing protection to the reproductive cells also acting as a petal in plants without petals.
B. Prepare a FLOWCHART for the isolation of the following: (conventional methods only: culture, through a by product and/or immune response) Include the specimen of choice for the indication (given disease).
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae
2. antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin)
3. dermatophyte infection in the nails
4. Dengue fever by immune response
Answers
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae is isolated using MacConkey Lactose agar and Xylose Lysine agar
2. Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin) is isolated using Clostridium difficile selective medium
3. Dermatophyte infection in the nails is isolated using potatoes dextrose agar
4. Dengue fever by immune response is isolated using minimal essential medium (MEM)
1. Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae
Collection of fecal specimens and poultry (100) fecal samples collected from were processed according to published protocols. Streak one loopful of fecal sample on MacConkey Lactose Agar (MLA) and Xylose Lysine agarIncubated at 37 C for 24 hours The MLA plates showing the presence of convex and colorless colonies are considered for further identification. Similarly, the XLD plates showing appearance of presence of translucent or red colored colonies are taken for further identification.2. Antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin)
Mix equal parts of industrial absolute alcohol and the fecal specimen. Homogenize using a vortex mixer. Leave at room temperature for 1 hr. Inoculate on Clostridium difficile Selective AgarIncubate at 37ºC in a conventional anaerobic gas jarObserve after 24-48 hours in anaerobic environment . Use gram stain reagent and Malachite green for morphological study. Observe positive bacillus cell shape with single or chains(2-6)cell and sub terminal endo spore forming after gram staining3. Dermatophyte infection in the nails
Prepare potatoes dextrose agar (PDA)Collect clippings from the nail with a sterile scalpel after carefully washing the site with 70% alcohol. Dissolved in two drops of 10% KOH on a glass slide, if the sample is thick, use 20% KOH Heat the slide few seconds over a spirit lamp, do not allow to boil.Observe preparation under a low power of the microscope in reduced light. Look out for presence of mycelia fragments and the distribution of spores inside.4. Dengue fever by immune response
Dilute blood samples in minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) Add diluent to a cultured monolayer of C6/36 cells for 1 hour with gentle rocking in a 28 °C CO2 incubator.After 1 hour, remove the inoculum and cells Culture for 7 days in MEM with 2% FBS and antibiotics. Collect culture supernatant on day 7 and infect a new batch of C6/36 cellsRepeat the procedure three times to achieve passage 3 (P3) isolates.Learn more about culturing of microorganisms here:
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Discuss the role played by transcription during replication.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Meanwhile, mRNA is comparable to a copy from a reference book because it carries the same information as DNA but is not used for long-term storage and can freely exit the nucleus. Although the mRNA contains the same information, it is not an identical copy of the DNA segment, because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template.
Diego is conducting an experiment to investigate how temperature affects chemical change. He has three pieces of cheese that he just bought from the store. He left one piece of cheese outside, one on the kitchen counter, and one in the refrigerator. His prediction is that the piece in the refrigerator will not mold, the one on the counter will mold a little, and the one outside will mold a lot. Select the conclusion The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the most amount of chemical change. The piece of cheese on the counter had the most amount of chemical change. The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the least amount of chemical change. The piece of cheese outside had the least amount of chemical change.
Answers
The piece of cheese in the refrigerator had the least amount of chemical change.
Moulding occurs on substances which are warm and moistMold thrives in warm and humid placesIn refrigerators, the environment is cool and dryThis environment hinders the growth of moldThe bacteria and fungi require optimum temperatures to flourish, which is not present in a refrigeratorThe cheese placed outside and on the counter will grow mold as those environments do not arrest the growth of moldRefrigeration ensures that food is not spoiltTherefore, the least amount of chemical change takes place on the cheese placed in the refrigerator.
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1. Which human traits form a wide range of states instead of two distinct states?
A) cleft chin
B) eye color
C) widow's peak
D) fully attached earlobes
2. Don's earlobes are fully attached, Both of his parents have free earlobes (not fully attached). One of Don's grandparents has fully attached earlobes, like he does.
What can be said about fully attached earlobes?
A) Fully attached earlobes are dominant. Both of Don's parents do not have them
B) Fully attached earlobes are recessive. Both of Don's parents have them.
C) Fully attached earlobes are dominant. They skip a generation in inheritance.
D) Fully attached earlobes are recessive. They skip a generation in inheritance.
3. A scientist is doing experiments using some ancient seeds discovered in an ancient temple.
Which option is a prediction that relates the outcome of the scientist's experiments with probability?
A) The scientist thinks that the seeds were in the temple as part of a ritual.
B) The scientist thinks that more seeds can be recovered from other similar locations on Earth.
C) The scientist thinks that seeds that are old have 0% chance of sprouting; so, if they do, they must be modern.
D) The scientist thinks that if conditions are good, about 10% of the seeds will sprout and grow into plants
4. Which option describes how genes control the traits of a cell?
A) Genes code for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
B) Genes become building blocks for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules farm the traits of the cell.
C) Genes determine how much energy goes to each organelle in the cell. The organelles form the traits of the cell.
D) Genes are molecules that organelles are made out of. Once assembled into organelles, they form the traits of the cell.
Answers
Explanation:
hope it helps
thank you!!!
The human eye color is a trait which forms a wide range of states instead of two distinct states. Fully attached earlobes is a recessive trait which is seen in a very rare cases. Thus, the correct options are 1 (B), 2 (D), 3 (D), and 4 (A).
What are traits?Traits are the characters which are controlled by the genes. Genes are present on the DNA molecule which encodes for different proteins which are responsible for the traits or phenotypic characters of an organism.
Quantitative traits are the traits for which the phenotypic variation is continuously distributed in the populations, with the variation in population often approximating the normal distribution on an appropriate scale. The human eye color is an example of quantitative trait which is controlled by different genes.
Recessive traits are the traits which are seen very rarely as these are only shown when present in homozygous condition. These traits are seen to skip generations as seen in the case of fully attached earlobes.
When a scientist is doing experiments using the ancient seeds which he discovered in an ancient temple, the scientist thinks that if the optimum conditions are provided to the seeds then about 10% of the seeds will sprout and therefore grow into plants.
Genes are the parts of the DNA which are responsible for encoding proteins. These proteins controls the phenotypic characters of an individual.
Therefore, the correct options are 1 (B), 2 (D), 3 (D), and 4 (A).
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what is african based teaching
Answers
Answer:
An African philosophy of education is a scientific enterprise which has three constitutive aspects: firstly, to be reasonable in one's articulations; secondly, to demonstrate moral maturity; and thirdly, to be attuned to deliberation.
What would increase enzymatic activity in a bacterial cell that would normally thrive in human body
Answers
1. Define communicable diseases. Give three examples.
2. Give two examples of each of the following types of microorganisms: a) Algae b) Fungi c) Protozoa.
3. What is pasteurization?
4. Mention any three ways through which pathogens are transmitted.
5. It is always suggested that not to eat anything from street hawkers. Why?
6. Ria thought of making curd. For this, she took lukewarm milk, mixed some curd into it and stir well. She kept the mixture in fridge. Next day she observed that curd was not set. Can you tell why the curd did not set?
7. Seema got cough and cold badly. Her teacher asked her to take rest at home and use handkerchief while sneezing and coughing. She obeyed her teacher.
a) Why should we keep a handkerchief on nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing?
b) What are the modes of transfer of diseases from infected to healthy person?
c) Do you think Seema’s teacher’s decision was right? Why?
d) What value of Seema is shown here?
8. Classify bacteria on the basis of their shapes.
9. Why are viruses considered to be the borderline between living and the non- living?
Answers
Answer:
1-Those diseases which can be transferred from one person to another person are called communicable diseases . Examples-Common cold ,HIV,chicken pox
2-Algae- spirogyra,volvox
fungi-yeast,mushroom
protozoa-plasmodium,amoeba
3-pasteurization, heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in certain foods and beverages.
What did you include in your response? Check all that
apply.
O The melting of the pieces of chocolate one by one
is evidence that conduction occurred.
O As heat flowed through the foil bridge, heat
transferred to the pieces of chocolate, causing them
to melt.
O The heat transfer occurred between the foil bridge
and the chocolate pieces, which were in direct
contact with one another.
Answers
What evidence from the experiment shows that conduction occurred? In your answer, be sure to include the materials involved in the transfer of heat through conduction.
Sample Response: The melting of the chocolate pieces one by one showed that it was caused by heat flowing through the foil bridge. The transfer of heat happened between the foil bridge and the chocolate pieces because they were touching each other.
The conduction was made by the foil which was touching the chocolate made the chocolate slowly melt because of the tea light giving heat to the foil the foil conducted it to the chocolate causing it to melt. Thus, option "C" is correct.
What are conduction, convection and radiation?Conduction refers to the transfer of the energy from one end to the other end from the conducting material. Heat energy, and electric energy all of these can conduct. For example - heat transfer from one end of the road to another.
Convection refers to the process in which heat energy is transferred to the liquid in various manners. For example - a geyser transfers the heat energy to the water.
Radiation refers to the transfer of heat in the form of a heatwave. For example - transferring of heat from the light bulb and heater.
Therefore, the given example can help us to understand the distribution of energy on earth.
Thus, option "C" is correct.
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How many electrons does carbon
have in its outermost shell?
Answers
Answer:
Four
Explanation:
It should have Four if I'm correct.
Answer:
4
Explanation:
it has 4 electrons in its outershell.
Next, create a MyPlate Plan for someone whose data is different from yours. Vary this person’s age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity from your own. How does this person’s calorie plan vary from yours? Why do you think this person has different energy needs?
Answers
This person's calorie plan differs from yours because they are an athlete, this person has different energy needs because they expend more energy.
What is the MyPlate Plan?The MyPlate Plan shows your food group goals - what and how much to eat within your calorie limit. Your food plan is customized based on your
agegenderheightweightand physical activity level.MyPlate guide to serving sizesFruit section = 1/4 cup.Vegetable section = 1/2 cup.Grain section = 1/2 cup.Protein section = 1/4 cup.With this information, we can conclude that this person's calorie plan differs from yours because they are an athlete, this person has different energy needs because they expend more energy.
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fill the table given
Answers
Answer:
circle
expandsion
body part
under skin tissue
healthy muscle cells
1. Ms. L's symptoms include shortness of breath, a chronic cough productive of thick mucus,
and a "chest cold" of 2 months' duration. She was advised to quit smoking, a major cause of
lung irritation. These symptoms were caused in part by the obstruction of groups of alveoli
by mucous plugs. Ms. L was told that the mucus is not moving normally out of her airways
because the toxins in cigarette smoke paralyze small cell extensions that beat to create an up-
ward current. These extensions are called
Answers
The small cell extensions that beat to create an up-ward current are called microvilli.
What are microvilli?Microvilli are small extensions which are found on the surface of the alveoli of the lungs.
The microvilli play an important role in the lungs as the help to remove particles and mucus that may obstruct the lungs as a result of the upward current they create in the lungs from their beating motion.
Therefore, the paralyzed small cell extensions that beat to create an up-ward current are called microvilli.
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Which statement is true?
The primary function of a the ribosome is protein synthesis
The primary function of a the ribosome is protein synthesis
The primary function of the vacuole is cell division
The primary function of the vacuole is cell division
The primary function of the nucleus is to store nutrients
The primary function of the nucleus is to store nutrients
The primary function of the mitochondrion is movement.
The primary function of the mitochondrion is movement.
Answers
Answer:
The primary function of a ribosome is protein synthesis.
Macrolides generally have bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity?
1.true
2.false
Answers
Macrolides generally have bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity?
A. TrueB. False
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I need help with this!!! The question is:
What are two pieces of evidence Darwin used to support his theory of evolution by natural selection?
Answers
Answer:
fossil, biogeographical, and anatomical evidence.
Explanation:
pbs
What results from the process of desalination?
Ore is extracted from the ground.
The supply of fresh water is increased.
Wastewater is handled and safely disposed of.
Steam is collected from within Earth’s crust.
Answers
The supply of fresh water is increased. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is desalination?Desalination is the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater in order to make it suitable for drinking or irrigation. There are several different methods of desalination, including reverse osmosis, thermal distillation, and electrodialysis. These processes are used to produce fresh water from seawater in areas where there is a shortage of fresh water resources.
Desalination can be an effective way to increase the supply of fresh water in areas that are prone to drought or have limited access to other sources of water, but it can be expensive and energy-intensive.
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which graph represents a species that has a smaller gestation and maturation period, smaller number of offspring, and little or no paternal care?
Answers
The graph containing r selected species such as rodents and insects will represent a species that has a smaller gestation.
What is R selected species?These type of organisms have a high reproductive rate because of the smaller gestation and maturation period.
They also have smaller number of offspring with little or no paternal care as they are able to take care of themselves.
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1. Why is polyester considered to be a good material for making the sails of ships?
2. Name the component fibres of polycot, Terry wool and cots wool?
3. Why polythene bags should not be thrown along with garbage?
4. What are synthetic fibres? How are they made?
5. Differentiate between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics and give one example of each?
6. List and explain four properties of plastics? Give one use of plastics linked to each of these properties?
7. List three steps you can take to reduce the danger that plastic pose to the environment?
8. Describe any three major uses of nylon?
9. State advantages and disadvantages of synthetic fibres 1
10. Explain polymerization?
Answers
Answer:
Polyester has for decades been the most commonly used sail fiber because it is strong, durable and relatively inexpensive.components of polycot are polyester and cotton are blended and terrywool are terryelne and wool . Cotwool are cotton and wool.Polythene bags should not be thrown along with garbage as they are non biodegradable and can mix with the soil but cannot decompose....these when eaten by animals like cows can choke them leading to death.... Also as they do not decompose they can mix with the soil leading to soil pollution.Synthetic fibers are made from small molecules synthesized polymers. The substances used to produce such fibres are extracted from raw materials such as chemicals based on petroleum or petrochemicals. Such materials are polymerized into a chemical that ties together two adjacent atoms of carbon.what are the water soluble and fat soluble vitamins?
Answers
During which stage of interphase do cells copy their chromosomes?
Answers
Answer:
The S phase (Synthesis phase)
DNA replication takes place during the S-phase of interphase, creating two identical sets of DNA. The DNA coils and condenses into units known as chromosomes during the start of mitosis. The two identical sister chromatids that make up each chromosome are joined by a centromere.How does DNA replication work?The biological process of creating two identical copies of DNA from a single original DNA molecule is known as DNA replication.
A double helix of two complementary strands makes up DNA. These strands are split apart in the replication process. The method of semi-conservative replication uses each strand of the original DNA molecule as a template to create its counterpart.
Several enzymes that carry out this process are given below, along with their activities.
____________
DNA Dependent DNA POLYMERASE is a class of enzymes that is responsible for all organisms' DNA replication processes. It accelerates DNA replication in the 5′ to 3′ range.The enzyme known as TOPOISOMERASE is involved in the over- or under-winding of DNA.HELICASE—Using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, which is characterized by the breakdown of hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases, helicases are frequently employed to separate the strands of a DNA double helix or a self-annealed RNA molecule.DNA GYRASE, a particular kind of topoisomerase, relieves strain caused by DNA helicase's unwinding action.DNA LIGASE- Joins the OKAZAKI FRAGMENT of the lagging strand and re-anneals the semi-conservative strands.PRIMASE - Primase catalyzes the production of a short primer, which is a ssDNA template-specific piece of RNA (or DNA in other species).REPLICATION FORK -(Attachment #1)
_________________
REPLICATION PROCESS -
INITIATION - The beginning of DNA replication takes place at certain locations in the DNA molecule known as ori-sites or regions. Enzymes often recognize these locations and initiate the process. As opposed to C-G base pairs, which produce three hydrogen bonds, A-T base pairs only form two hydrogen bonds, making them easier to strand split. As a result, these sites are typically "AT-rich" (rich in adenine and thymine bases). Following the discovery of the origin, enzymes create a pre-replication complex that unzips the double-stranded DNA. The enzyme topoisomerase is involved in this process.Elongation - The 5'-3' activity of the DNA polymerase enzyme. Now, a new strand was created by DNA polymerase enzymes in the direction of 5′ to 3′ (note: the DNA template is read in 3' to 5' direction). RNA primers were simultaneously created by the primase enzyme and utilized by the polymerase to create new strands of RNA.As DNA polymerase enzyme has 5′ - 3′ direction so two types of strand are form -
LEADING STRAND - A DNA polymerase with high processivity that has the direction 5′ - 3′ (template strand 3′-5′) extends the continuous strand from the primer in the same direction as the replication fork that is expanding. One RNA primer is applied to the leading strand.
LAGGING STRAND - It is the discontinuous strand whose synthesis is going in the opposite direction of the replication fork that is developing. Each primer extends the lagging strand intermittently to create Okazaki fragments. A low processivity DNA polymerase that is different from the replicative polymerase enters to fill the gaps after RNase eliminates the priming RNA pieces. Multiple primers are applied to the lagging strand, and then the Okazaki fragments are joined by the ligase enzyme, filling in the gaps.
TERMINATION - Replication forks meet and end at several locations throughout the chromosome because eukaryotes start DNA replication at various locations; it is unknown how these are controlled. Termination necessitates the halting or blocking of the DNA replication fork's forward motion. When termination occurs at a particular locus, it includes the interaction of two elements: (1) a DNA sequence known as a termination site sequence, and (2) a protein that binds to this region to actually cease DNA replication.
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Which of the following changes to Earth is NOT caused by living organisms?
Answers
Explanation:
probably A but I'm not sure about it
How much of planet Earth is covered in water?
Group of answer choices
Between 50 - 69%
Above 70%
Below 50%
Answers
Answer:
Above 70%
Explanation:
About 70% ( approximately 3/4 ) of the surface of the earth is covered with water. We can find water inside the earth in lakes, rivers, water vapor, etc. But only, about 3% of freshwater can be found on earth. Of that, only, about 0.01% can be used to drink. So, it is clear to us that, how important it is to protect water resources without polluting them.
Why is it important to recycle metals?
to maintain sustainability
to create more tailings
to make sure ore remains renewable
to make it easier to extract ore from the ground
Answers
2 a Which part of the human brain is responsible for controlling each of the following actions?
i keeping your balance when you walk
ii maintaining your breathing when you are asleep
iii making your leg muscles contract when you kick a ball
Answers
Answer:
The Cerebellum
Explanation:
The Cerebellum, or "little brain" controls all aspects of balance, speech, movement, coordination, and motor skills.
(0.302 MC) Which of the following statements describes what occurs with energy as a result of the law of conservation of energy?
Answers
The amount of energy before a process occurs is equal to the energy after the process occurs.
What is the conservation of energy?The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can not be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.
The statement that describes what occurs with energy as a result of the law of conservation of energy is that the amount of energy before a process occurs is equal to the energy after the process occurs.
Missing parts:
Which of the following statements describes what occurs with energy as a result of the law of conservation of energy? the amount of energy before a process occurs is less than the energy after the process occurs. the amount of energy before a process occurs is greater than the energy after the process occurs. the amount of energy before a process occurs is equal to the energy after the process occurs. the amount of energy before and after a process occurs is always equal to zero.
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Why is the catabolism of sugars and fatty acids similar?
Answers
Answer:
1): A- Both of these compounds are funnelled through the TC A/citric acid cycle. Is correct.
State three differences between rural-urban drift to the rural area
Answers
State three differences between rural-urban drift to the rural area
Answer: The life in urban areas is fast and complicated, whereas rural life is simple and relaxed
Explanation:
The life in urban areas is fast and complicated, whereas rural life is simple and relaxed. The Urban settlement includes cities and towns. On the other hand, the rural settlement includes villages and hamlets. There is greater isolation from nature in urban areas, due to the existence of the built environment.
