The statement of cash flows reports a company's cash inflows and outflows during a given period and breaks them down into operating, investing, and financing activities.
Financial Management have two goals, these are profit maximization and wealth maximization. Discuss the difference between the two. Do you agree that the fundamental aim within financial management is to create and sustain shareholders’ wealth? Substantiate your arguments.
Profit maximization and wealth maximization are two different concepts in financial management. Profit maximization aims to increase a company's profits by maximizing its revenue while minimizing costs. The focus is primarily on short-term gains and does not take into account the time value of money or other factors such as risk and uncertainty. On the other hand, wealth maximization focuses on increasing the overall value of a company over the long term by maximizing shareholder wealth. This involves making investment decisions that generate positive net present value (NPV) and creating a sustainable competitive advantage.
I agree that the fundamental aim within financial management is to create and sustain shareholders' wealth. One of the main arguments for this is that the shareholders are the owners of the company and have invested their money in it with the expectation of receiving returns. Therefore, the company has a responsibility to maximize shareholder value while also considering the interests of other stakeholders. In addition, creating and sustaining shareholder wealth requires the company to make profitable investments and maintain a strong financial position, which benefits all stakeholders in the long run.
There are 4 financial statements a business is preparing at year end. Discuss the features of the 4 financial statements using the accounting equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity/Shareholders’ Equity. Can a business prepare a financial statement before year end? What do you call those financial statements?
The four financial statements that a business prepares at year-end are the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and statement of changes in equity. These statements provide important information about a company's financial performance and position during a specific period. They can be linked together using the accounting equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity/Shareholders' Equity.
The income statement reports a company's revenues, expenses, and net income for a given period. It shows how much money the company generated from its operations and how much it spent to earn that revenue. The balance sheet, on the other hand, provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It lists the company's assets, liabilities, and equity, and shows how these are related to one another through the accounting equation.
The statement of cash flows reports a company's cash inflows and outflows during a given period and breaks them down into operating, investing, and financing activities. This statement is important because it shows how much cash the company has generated or used in its operating activities, which is a key indicator of its ability to meet its obligations. Lastly, the statement of changes in equity shows how a company's equity has changed over a given period due to factors such as net income, dividends paid, and share issuances.
While businesses typically prepare their financial statements at year-end, they may also prepare interim financial statements for shorter periods such as quarterly or monthly. These statements provide more frequent updates on a company's financial performance and can help management make informed decisions throughout the year.
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Lohn Corporation is expected to pay the following dividends over the next four years: $9, $6, $4, and $2. Afterward, the company pledges to maintain a constant 3 percent growth rate in dividends forever.
If the required return on the stock is 12 percent, what is the current share price?
Using the dividend discount model and the given information, the current share price of Lohn Corporation can be calculated to be $51.74.
To calculate the current share price of Lohn Corporation, the dividend discount model can be used. This model takes into account the present value of all future dividends, discounted by the required return. The dividends for the first four years are given as $9, $6, $4, and $2 respectively.
The present value of the four-year dividend stream can be calculated as follows:
PV = (9/1.12) + (6/1.12^2) + (4/1.12^3) + (2/1.12^4) = $17.66
Next, the perpetuity of dividends starting from year five, growing at a constant rate of 3%, can be calculated using the constant growth formula:
D5 = $2 x 1.03 = $2.06
PV = (D5 / (r - g)) / (1 + r)^4 = ($2.06 / (0.12 - 0.03)) / (1 + 0.12)^4 = $34.08
Finally, the current share price can be calculated by adding the present value of the four-year dividend stream and the perpetuity of dividends:
Current share price = PV + PV of perpetuity = $17.66 + $34.08 = $51.74
Therefore, the current share price of Lohn Corporation is $51.74.
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a. What is InsurTech? the major four technology enablers of InsurTech with their applications. b. Explain the list t the RegTech Ecosystem with brief description of role of each stakeholder in the RegTech Ecosystem.
a. InsurTech is a portmanteau of insurance and technology. It refers to the use of technology, such as mobile apps, artificial intelligence, and big data, to disrupt and innovate traditional insurance practices. Four major technology enablers of InsurTech and their applications are Artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Big data analytics.
b. The RegTech ecosystem consists of several stakeholders, including: Regulators, Financial institutions, RegTech vendors, Investors.
a. InsurTech is a portmanteau of insurance and technology. It refers to the use of technology, such as mobile apps, artificial intelligence, and big data, to disrupt and innovate traditional insurance practices. It enables insurance companies to offer customized products, streamline their operations, and reduce costs. Four major technology enablers of InsurTech and their applications are:
1. Artificial intelligence (AI): AI helps in underwriting and risk management, customer engagement, and claims processing. It can automate repetitive tasks, identify fraud, and provide personalized recommendations.
2. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT devices, such as telematics, wearable sensors, and smart home devices, can provide real-time data on the insured item and the environment. It can help in risk assessment, loss prevention, and predictive modeling.
3. Blockchain: Blockchain provides secure, transparent, and decentralized record-keeping of transactions. It can enable faster settlements, reduce fraud, and increase trust between parties.
4. Big data analytics: Big data analytics can help in data mining, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling. It can provide insights into customer behavior, market trends, and risk factors.
b. RegTech (Regulatory Technology) is the use of technology to help financial institutions comply with regulatory requirements. The RegTech ecosystem consists of several stakeholders, including:
1. Regulators: Regulators are responsible for enforcing regulations and monitoring compliance. They can use RegTech solutions to streamline their supervision and reduce compliance costs.
2. Financial institutions: Financial institutions, such as banks, insurers, and investment firms, are subject to various regulations that govern their operations and transactions. They can use RegTech solutions to automate compliance processes, monitor risks, and reduce errors.
3. RegTech vendors: RegTech vendors provide software and services that help financial institutions comply with regulations. They can offer solutions for data management, reporting, monitoring, and analysis.
4. Investors: Investors can provide funding and support for RegTech startups and initiatives. They can benefit from the increased efficiency and transparency of financial markets that result from RegTech solutions.
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Mc Graw When does a court weigh the adequacy of consideration? Multiple Choice A court will look at adequacy of consideration if fraud or undue influence took place. O A court looks at adequacy of consideration if it believes that the bargain a person made was not a goc A court will look at adequacy of consideration only when a piece of property is involved. A court always looks at adequacy of consideration in a contract. A court never looks at adequacy of consideration in a contract.
A court will look at the adequacy of consideration if it believes that the bargain a person made was not a good one.
Explanation:
Adequacy of consideration refers to the fairness of the bargain made between parties in a contract. It is a concept used by courts to assess whether the exchange of something of value in a contract was reasonable.
When a court examines the adequacy of consideration, it is evaluating whether the value received by each party in the contract is proportionate. If one party receives significantly less than what is reasonably expected, the court may consider it an unfair bargain. This can occur in situations where one party is coerced or taken advantage of by the other party.
For example, if a person is forced into signing a contract under duress or if one party manipulates the other's vulnerability to secure an unfair advantage, the court may review the adequacy of consideration. In such cases, the court aims to protect the disadvantaged party and ensure fairness in contractual relationships.
It is important to note that a court will not automatically review the adequacy of consideration in every contract. Generally, courts respect the principle of freedom of contract and do not interfere with the parties' choices unless there are specific grounds for intervention. As long as the parties entered into the contract willingly and exchanged something of value, the court will typically uphold the agreement.
However, if a party alleges that the bargain was unfair and provides valid reasons to support this claim, they may request the court to scrutinize the adequacy of consideration. The court will then assess the circumstances, consider the value exchanged, and determine whether the contract should be voided or if the parties should be required to renegotiate the terms.
In summary, a court will examine the adequacy of consideration in a contract if it believes the bargain made by a person was unfair. It is a means for the court to address situations where one party has been taken advantage of or coerced into an inequitable agreement, ensuring fairness in contractual relationships.
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Sama company has the following unadjusted account balances at December 31, 2021, Total Sales of $720,000, Accounts Receivable of $205,000 and the allowance was estimated as 3.5% of the total Account Receivable. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a credit balance of $2,400, before the estimate was made. 2 points SAVE ATTRAY Required:
The adjustment needed for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $4,775. This adjustment will be made to increase the credit balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, To calculate the required adjustment for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, we need to determine the estimated allowance amount based on the given information.
Accounts Receivable: $205,000
Estimated allowance rate: 3.5%
Estimated Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = Accounts Receivable * Estimated allowance rate
Estimated Allowance for Doubtful Accounts = $205,000 * 3.5% = $7,175
Next, we need to determine the adjustment needed to bring the credit balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to the estimated allowance amount.
Credit balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts before estimate: $2,400
Estimated Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: $7,175
Adjustment = Estimated Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - Credit balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts before estimate
Adjustment = $7,175 - $2,400 = $4,775
The adjustment needed for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is $4,775. This adjustment will be made to increase the credit balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, reflecting the estimated allowance for potential bad debts related to the Accounts Receivable balance.
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Earned Value Management (EVM) can be used to control cost and
measure project performance. Explain the important values
calculated in EVM and how each is interpreted?
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project management technique that helps in measuring project performance and controlling costs.
It involves the calculation of several key values that provide insights into the project's progress and financial health. The important values calculated in EVM are: Planned Value (PV): PV represents the authorized budget allocated for the work scheduled to be completed at a specific point in time. It indicates the planned cost for the work performed.
Earned Value (EV): EV represents the value of the work actually completed and approved as per the project plan. It measures the actual progress and accomplishment of the project tasks. Actual Cost (AC): AC represents the total cost incurred for the work performed up to a given period. It includes all direct and indirect costs associated with the project.
Interpreting these values: Cost Variance (CV): CV is calculated by subtracting the AC from the EV. A positive CV indicates that the project is under budget, while a negative CV suggests cost overruns.
Schedule Variance (SV): SV is calculated by subtracting the PV from the EV. A positive SV indicates that the project is ahead of schedule, while a negative SV indicates delays in the project timeline.
Cost Performance Index (CPI): CPI is calculated by dividing the EV by the AC. It indicates the efficiency of cost utilization. A CPI value greater than 1 suggests cost efficiency, while a value below 1 indicates cost overruns.
Schedule Performance Index (SPI): SPI is calculated by dividing the EV by the PV. It indicates the efficiency of schedule utilization. An SPI value greater than 1 suggests the project is ahead of schedule, while a value below 1 indicates schedule delays.
By interpreting these values, project managers can assess the project's cost and schedule performance, identify any deviations from the plan, and take appropriate corrective actions to ensure project success.
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An advantage for an individual of having employment-based insurance is that it:
Employment-based health insurance has various advantages for individuals. One of the advantages of having employment-based insurance is that it provides health coverage for workers and their families at a lower cost than individual plans.
Furthermore, it also provides financial security, better access to health care providers, and better quality of care. Employment-based health insurance is a type of health insurance that employers provide to their employees as a benefit in addition to their regular salary.An advantage for an individual of having employment-based insurance is that it provides comprehensive coverage that is better than individual health plans. Health coverage provided by employment-based health insurance includes routine checkups, hospitalization, diagnostic tests, and preventive care. This coverage allows individuals to receive medical treatment without incurring significant out-of-pocket expenses. Employment-based insurance coverage also includes prescription drug coverage, making medications more affordable to the covered individual and their family members. Additionally, employment-based insurance offers protection against high medical bills that can be financially devastating for families that don't have insurance. In conclusion, employment-based health insurance provides comprehensive and affordable health care coverage, and it is an advantage for individuals who have it.
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A company racing to stake out a strong position in an industry of the future often utilizes strategic alliances and collaborative partnerships in order to
A company racing to stake out a strong position in an industry of the future often utilizes strategic alliances and collaborative partnerships in order to leverage resources, expertise, and market opportunities.
These alliances allow the company to access new technologies, capabilities, and knowledge that they may not possess internally. By forming strategic alliances, a company can combine its strengths with those of other organizations to create synergies and accelerate growth. They can pool resources, share risks, and collectively pursue market opportunities. Strategic alliances also enable companies to enter new markets, expand their customer base, and gain a competitive edge.
Strategic alliances and collaborative partnerships also offer the flexibility to respond to industry dynamics, mitigate competitive threats, and navigate regulatory complexities. They can help companies navigate market entry barriers, establish credibility, and build relationships with key stakeholders. Overall, these alliances enable companies to enhance their competitive position, increase market share, and shape the trajectory of the industry of the future by leveraging shared expertise, resources, and opportunities for mutual growth.
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Barb is 50 years old and has already accumulated a little less than $700,000 toward her retirement funding need. Unfortunately, her financial planner has told her that she needs an additional $1,810,242 to fully fund her retirement. Barb plans to retire when she is 65 and can earn a 7% annual return on her investments.
What is the level payment that Barb will need to make at the end of each year (for the next 15 years) to reach her goal? (Round your answer.)
Barb is 50 years old and has accumulated almost $700,000 toward her retirement funding need. The level of payment that Barb will need to make at the end of each year (for the next 15 years) to reach her goal is $54,191.93.
The calculation for this is given below:
PV = $700,000 (current savings)
FV = $1,810,242 (total needed)
N = 15 years
YR = 7%CPT
PMT = $54,191.93
Therefore, the level of payment that Barb will need to make at the end of each year (for the next 15 years) to reach her goal is $54,191.93.
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If your company maintains a 70/30 Debt/Equity split, your after-tax cost of debt is 6%, and your cost of equity is 16%, what is your Weighted Average Cost of Capital? Assume a 25% tax rate. O 11.0% 8.6% 9.0% 8.0% O 17.6%
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a calculation of a company's total expense of capital, which includes both equity and debt. To calculate WACC, we need to multiply the cost of equity and debt by their weights, then add up the results. The formula for calculating WACC is:
WACC = (E/V × Re) + (D/V × Rd) × (1 - Tc)
E = market value of the company's equity
D = market value of the company's debt
V = total capitalization (E + D)
Re = cost of equity
Rd = cost of debt
Tc = corporate tax rate
Given that the company maintains a 70/30 Debt/Equity split, we can assume that the weight of debt is 0.70, while the weight of equity is 0.30. We can also assume that the cost of debt is 6%, and the cost of equity is 16%. The corporate tax rate is 25%.
Using the formula above, we can calculate the WACC as follows:
WACC = (0.3 × 0.16) + (0.7 × 0.06) × (1 - 0.25)
WACC = 0.048 + 0.0375
WACC = 0.0855 or 8.55%
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You are going to buy stock of Imedi Co.
Company's currently EPS (earning per share) is $14 $ and it is expected it will grow at 2%;
Firm’s industry average PE ratio equals = 8
It is expected company will pay 4 dollar dividend during the next 3 years.
What is the value of stock if you plan to sell stocks after three years from now and your REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN is 12%?
To calculate the value of the stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula, which takes into account the expected dividends and the required rate of return.
First, let's calculate the future dividends. The company is expected to pay a $4 dividend for the next 3 years. We can assume a constant growth rate of 2% for these dividends, so the future dividends would be:
Year 1: $4
Year 2: $4 * (1 + 2%) = $4.08
Year 3: $4.08 * (1 + 2%) = $4.16
Next, we need to determine the terminal value of the stock after 3 years. We can use the constant growth dividend discount model to calculate this. Since the growth rate is given as 2%, we can assume that the stock will continue growing at this rate. The terminal value can be calculated as follows:
Terminal Value = Year 3 Dividend * (1 + Growth Rate) / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
Terminal Value = $4.16 * (1 + 2%) / (12% - 2%)
Now, let's calculate the present value of the future dividends and the terminal value using the required rate of return of 12%:
PV = Dividend / (1 + Required Rate of Return)^n
PV(Year 1) = $4 / (1 + 12%)^1
PV(Year 2) = $4.08 / (1 + 12%)^2
PV(Year 3) = $4.16 / (1 + 12%)^3
PV(Terminal Value) = Terminal Value / (1 + 12%)^3
Finally, we sum up the present values of the dividends and the terminal value to get the value of the stock:
Stock Value = PV(Year 1) + PV(Year 2) + PV(Year 3) + PV(Terminal Value)
Calculate each of the present values and sum them to find the value of the stock after 3 years.'
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Barrett Historical Society, a nonprofit organization, charges a $100 annual membership. Of this amount, $25 is designed to cover quarterly newsletters, and the remainder is considered to be a contribution. What standard(s) should Barret consider in recording membership revenue for these two components? OASU 2018-08 (nonexchange transactions) would be used to report both components $25 for newsletter and $75 contribution. - Topic 606 (exchange transactions) would be used to report both components $25 for newsletter and $75 contribution. ASU 2018-08 (nonexchange transactions) would be used to report $25 for newsletter and Topic 606 (exchange transactions) would be used to report $75 contribution. Topic 606 (exchange transactions) would be used to report $25 for newsletter and ASU 2018-08 (nonexchange transactions) would be used to report $75 contribution.
In this situation, the standards should Barret consider in recording participation income for these two parts ASU 2018-08 (non-exchange transactions) would be used to report $25 for the newsletter, and Theme 606 (trade exchanges) would be utilized to report a $75 commitment.
The option (C) is correct.
This standard is material on the grounds that the pamphlets are viewed as an advantage or corresponding exchange got by the individuals in return for their installment.
ASU 2018-08 gives direction on bookkeeping to commitments and explains that when a substance gets thought in a not-for-profit exchange, it ought to be perceived as income as per the trade exchange direction.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
Barrett Historical Society, a nonprofit organization, charges a $100 annual membership. Of this amount, $25 is designed to cover quarterly newsletters, and the remainder is considered to be a contribution. What standard(s) should Barret consider in recording membership revenue for these two components?
(A) ASU 2018-08 (nonexchange transactions) would be used to report both components $25 for newsletter and $75 contribution.
(B) Topic 606 (exchange transactions) would be used to report both components $25 for newsletter and $75 contribution.
(C) ASU 2018-08 (nonexchange transactions) would be used to report $25 for newsletter and Topic 606 (exchange transactions) would be used to report $75 contribution.
(D) Topic 606 (exchange transactions) would be used to report $25 for newsletter and ASU 2018-08 (nonexchange transactions) would be used to report $75 contribution.
which of the following represents an aspect of the empathy dimension of servqual?
Assurance. By providing assurance, the company establishes trust, reliability, and confidence with its customers.
Empathy refers to the ability of service providers to recognize, understand, and take into account their customers' thoughts, feelings, and situations. Empathy is the fifth and final dimension of SERVQUAL.The Empathy dimension refers to the degree to which the company provides caring and individualized attention to its customers.
Following are the aspects of the empathy dimension of SERVQUAL: Understand the customer's needsGenuinely care about the customer Understand the customer's specific situation Empathize with the customer in regards to their problems. Assurance refers to the competency and trustworthiness of the firm and its employees.
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Q. what are the Latest Amendments of all Labour Law Acts ?
Write in your own words.
It should be neatly typed and written in around 500-600 words (Softcopy only)
Before submission, please check for plagiarism only in case of less than 10% similarity assignment will be accepted.
Course Outline:
Growth of Factory Legislation in India, Regulation of Factories under the Factories Act, 1948
Responsibility for payment of wages and delay and deduction of wages under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936; Recovery of wages under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936.
Salient features of "The Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952" and
"The Employee’s State Insurance Act, 1948" (8 Sessions)
Salient features of "The Workmen’s compensation Act, 1923" and
Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (8 Sessions)
Discipline and Grievances Procedure; the concepts and nature of discipline, Principles and Practices of Domestic Enquiry, Handling of grievances, Grievances procedure
There are several key labor law acts that govern employment and labor relations in many countries. While I cannot provide the latest amendments to these acts, I can provide you with a brief overview of some prominent labor law acts:
1. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): This act establishes the federal minimum wage, overtime pay, child labor regulations, and record-keeping requirements for employers in the United States.
2. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA): This act aims to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees in the United States by setting standards, providing training, and conducting inspections to enforce workplace safety regulations.
3. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA): Also known as the Wagner Act, this act governs labor relations in the United States. It protects the rights of employees to engage in collective bargaining, form labor unions, and engage in concerted activities for mutual aid and protection.
4. Equal Employment Opportunity Laws: These laws, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), prohibit discrimination based on factors such as race, color, religion, sex, disability, and age in the workplace.
5. Employment Rights Acts: These acts, found in various countries, protect employees' rights in areas such as termination of employment, unfair dismissal, redundancy, and employment contracts.
6. Workers' Compensation Acts: These acts establish a system for providing compensation and benefits to employees who suffer work-related injuries or illnesses. They typically require employers to provide insurance coverage for such incidents.
7. Maternity and Parental Leave Acts: Many countries have legislation that grants employees the right to maternity or parental leave, allowing them to take time off work to care for a newborn or newly adopted child while retaining job security.
It is important to note that labor law acts vary from country to country, and each jurisdiction may have its own specific legislation. Additionally, labor laws are subject to amendments and updates over time, so it is crucial to consult official sources or legal professionals for the most current information on specific labor law acts in your jurisdiction.
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You are considering purchasing Kimberly-Clark stock. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 4.5 percent and the stock market's expected return is 12.50 percent. Also suppose that if the stock market's value rises by 1 percent, stock in Kimberly-Clark typically rises by 1.0 percent. What is the risk premium for Kimberly-Clark stock? Kimberly-Clark's risk premium is ___percent. (Enter a numeric response rounded to two decimal places.) What is the correct discount rate to use according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) when analyzing the present value of future cash flows from this stock? The CAPM suggests the correct discount rate is ___percent. (Enter a numeric response rounded to two decimal places.)
The risk premium for Kimberly-Clark stock can be calculated using the difference between the stock market's expected return and the risk-free interest rate. The correct discount rate to use according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can also be determined by adding the risk-free rate to the product of the stock market's expected return and the beta coefficient.
To calculate the risk premium for Kimberly-Clark stock, subtract the risk-free interest rate of 4.5% from the stock market's expected return of 12.50%. The difference is 8.00%, which represents the risk premium for Kimberly-Clark stock.
According to the CAPM, the correct discount rate to use is determined by adding the risk-free rate to the product of the stock market's expected return and the beta coefficient. However, the beta coefficient for Kimberly-Clark stock is not provided in the given information, so it cannot be calculated. Without the beta coefficient, we cannot determine the correct discount rate using the CAPM.
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ICE Task-Learning Unit 2 Question 1 Define outsourcing. (5) Question 2 Provide 5 rationale for outsourcing. (10) Question 3 Elaborate on five advantages of purchasing from a distributor. (10)
Outsourcing is defined as the practice of obtaining goods or services from an external provider, rather than completing them in-house. Outsourcing is an integral part of most businesses. Companies engage in outsourcing because it allows them to focus on their core competencies and increase efficiency. Q
5 rationale for outsourcing -
1. Cost reduction: Companies engage in outsourcing because it is a cost-effective way of doing business. Outsourcing allows businesses to save on labor costs, capital investments, and other expenses associated with in-house operations.
2. Improved quality: Outsourcing can lead to improved quality of products or services. Outsourcing providers usually specialize in their respective areas, which means that they have the required expertise and experience to provide high-quality services.
3. Flexibility: Outsourcing allows businesses to be more flexible. They can adjust their outsourcing needs according to their requirements. Outsourcing providers can provide services on an as-needed basis, which means that businesses can scale up or down as required.
4. Access to talent: Outsourcing providers usually have access to a pool of talent that businesses might not have. This means that businesses can access the required expertise and knowledge that they might not have in-house.
5. Improved focus: Outsourcing allows businesses to focus on their core competencies. This means that businesses can concentrate on what they do best while leaving non-core activities to outsourcing providers.
Five advantages of purchasing from a distributor -
1. Cost savings: Purchasing from a distributor can lead to cost savings. Distributors usually buy in bulk, which means that they can pass on the savings to their customers.
2. Wide range of products: Distributors usually offer a wide range of products. This means that businesses can purchase all their requirements from a single source, which leads to increased efficiency.
3. Expertise: Distributors usually have expertise in their respective areas. This means that they can provide valuable advice and guidance to their customers.
4. Timely delivery: Distributors usually have a well-established supply chain. This means that they can provide timely delivery of products.
5. Reduced risk: Purchasing from a distributor can reduce the risk associated with supply chain management. Distributors usually take on the responsibility of managing inventory and logistics, which means that businesses can focus on their core competencies.
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Sharp Co. bonds are selling in the market for $1,127.02. These bonds have 12 years remaining until maturity, and pay 7.5% coupon interest semi-annually on a $1,000 par value. What is the annual yield to maturity of the bonds? a. 8.0%
b. 7.5% c. 9.0% d. 3.0% d. 6.0%
The price of the bond is $1,127.02 with 12 years remaining till maturity, and a semi-annual coupon of 7.5% on a $1,000 par value. We must calculate the bond's annual yield to maturity. Let us begin by calculating the semi-annual payment that will be made on the bond. The correct option is b .
For a $1,000 par value bond and a semi-annual coupon rate of 7.5 percent, the coupon payment is:$1,000 * (7.5% / 2) = $37.50 per payment period.
Now we must calculate how many payments will be made over the remaining life of the bond. Since there are 12 years remaining until the bond matures, and payments are made semi-annually, we must multiply by 2 to get the total number of payment periods.12 years * 2 = 24 payment periods Now that we know the semi-annual coupon payment and the number of payment periods, we can calculate the total coupon payments over the remaining life of the bond. Total coupon payments = $37.50 per payment period * 24 payment periods = $900We must now determine the present value of the bond's future cash flows. This is achieved by discounting each cash flow back to its present value and summing the present values. PV of coupon payments = $900 / (1 + (y/2))^24where y is the yield to maturity of the bond. The present value of the final principal payment of $1,000 will be:$1,000 / (1 + (y/2))^24+1The bond's market price is $1,127.02, and we can now solve for the yield to maturity using trial and error or using a financial calculator or Excel Solver. The yield to maturity on the bond is 6.0%.
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The Haliburton Construction Company has common and preferred stock outstanding. The preferred stock pays an annual dividend of $7.50 per share, and the required rate of return for similar preferred stocks is 11%. The common stock paid a dividend of $3.00 per share last year, but the company expected that earnings and dividends will grow by 25% for the next two years before dropping to a constant 9% growth rate afterward. The required rate of return on similar common stocks is 13%.
a)Calculate the expected market price of the share in one year.
b)Calculate the expected dividend yield and capital gains yield expected at the end of the
first year.
a) The expected market price of the common stock in one year can be calculated using the dividend discount model (DDM). Market Price = $3.75 / (0.13 - 0.09) ≈ $93.75
The DDM formula for the expected market price (P1) is P1 = D1 / (r - g), where D1 is the expected dividend in one year, r is the required rate of return, and g is the expected growth rate. In this case, D1 = $3.00 * (1 + 0.25) = $3.75, r = 13%, and g = 25%.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get P1 = $3.75 / (0.13 - 0.25) = -$46.88. However, this negative value suggests an error in the calculations or assumptions, as stock prices cannot be negative. Please review the input data and calculations to rectify this issue.
b) The dividend yield is the ratio of the dividend per share to the stock price. In this case, the dividend yield at the end of the first year can be calculated as Dividend Yield = D1 / P1. Given D1 = $3.75 (calculated in part a), we need to determine the expected market price of the share in one year (P1).
Unfortunately, due to the negative value obtained in part a, we cannot accurately calculate the dividend yield without correcting the issue. The capital gains yield, which represents the expected change in stock price, cannot be determined without a valid market price calculation.
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If firms in a perfectly competitive market a currently experiencing profits then O market demand will decrease. O market demand will increase. O market supply will increase. O market supply will decrease.
If firms in a perfectly competitive market a currently experiencing profits then market supply will decrease. 4th option is the correct one.
In a perfectly competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers who are price takers, meaning they have no control over the market price. The market is characterized by the following conditions:
Many buyers and sellers: There are numerous buyers and sellers in the market, none of whom have a significant market share or market power.Homogeneous products: The goods or services being sold in the market are identical or nearly identical, so consumers perceive them as perfect substitutes.Free entry and exit: Firms can freely enter or exit the market without barriers or restrictions, ensuring a large number of sellers in the long run.Perfect information: Buyers and sellers have access to complete and accurate information about prices, quality, and other relevant factors.Perfect factor mobility: Resources, such as labor and capital, can move freely between different firms and industries.If firms in a perfectly competitive market are currently experiencing profits, it implies that the market price is above the average cost of production for the firms. In this case, the entry of new firms or the expansion of existing firms is likely to occur, leading to an increase in market supply. Therefore, the correct answer is: Market supply will increase.
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A series of value-added activities or tasks that are linked together to convert inputs to outputs (product or service) is known as a:
Internal Control
Business Process
Shared Service
Process Hierarchy
The correct answer is "Business Process."
A business process refers to a series of value-added activities or tasks that are linked together in a specific order to convert inputs into outputs, which can be either a product or a service. Business processes encompass all the activities and steps involved in producing goods or delivering services within an organization.
Business processes are designed to achieve specific goals and outcomes, and they typically involve multiple stakeholders, departments, and resources. They may include activities such as procurement, production, marketing, sales, customer service, and support. Each activity within a business process contributes to the overall value creation and delivery to customers or clients.
Business processes can be formalized through documented procedures, workflows, and standard operating practices to ensure consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness. They often involve the use of technology, information systems, and collaboration among different functional areas to streamline operations and achieve desired outcomes.
Understanding and optimizing business processes is crucial for organizations to enhance productivity, reduce costs, improve quality, and meet customer demands. By analyzing and improving business processes, organizations can identify bottlenecks, eliminate redundancies, and enhance overall performance and competitiveness in the market.
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A firm that maintains an optimal capital structure
a. has minimized taxes.
b. has minimized debt issues.
c. is at its debt capacity.
d. has maximized its investment.
e. has maximized its value.
The correct answer is e. has maximized its value. The firm that maintains an optimal capital structure has maximized its value by finding the right balance between debt and equity financing to minimize the cost of capital and maximize shareholder value.
How does a firm achieve an optimal capital structure?Maintaining an optimal capital structure means finding the right balance between debt and equity financing to maximize the overall value of the firm. It involves determining the appropriate mix of debt and equity that minimizes the firm's cost of capital and maximizes its value.
While minimizing taxes and debt issues can be important considerations in managing a firm's capital structure, they are not the primary focus. Minimizing taxes may be one objective, but it does not necessarily lead to an optimal capital structure. Similarly, minimizing debt issues is important to avoid excessive financial risk, but it does not guarantee an optimal capital structure.
Being at its debt capacity means that the firm has reached the maximum amount of debt it can take on based on its financial capacity and risk tolerance. However, this does not necessarily imply that the firm has achieved an optimal capital structure.
Maximizing investment is related to the firm's capital budgeting decisions and the allocation of funds to various investment projects. While capital structure can have an impact on investment decisions, it is not the sole determinant. Therefore, it is not directly associated with maintaining an optimal capital structure.
Ultimately, the primary goal of maintaining an optimal capital structure is to maximize the overall value of the firm, considering factors such as cost of capital, risk, and shareholder value.
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Consumer Decision Process
Identify a discussion forum of electric cars on non-commercial websites and analyze the discussion in relation to the five stages of the purchasing decision process.
Address the first 2 stages of the process (Need Recognition & Information Search) and relate relevant information from the discussion forum to these stages. Please give TWO specific examples from the forums for each stage you were assigned. Explain how they relate to these stages.
1. Need Recognition:
In the Need Recognition stage, consumers become
aware of a gap
between their current state and a desired state. They recognize a need or want that can be fulfilled by purchasing a product or service. In the context of electric cars, discussions in a forum may include the following:
Example 1:
Forum User A: "I'm tired of spending so much money on gas every month. I need a more cost-effective and
environmentally
friendly option for transportation."
Example 2:
Forum User B: "I want to reduce my carbon footprint and contribute to a cleaner environment. Switching to an electric car seems like a great way to achieve that."
These examples demonstrate how individuals in the forum recognize the need for an electric car based on factors such as cost savings and environmental concerns.
2. Information Search:
After recognizing the need, consumers engage in an information search to gather information about potential solutions and evaluate available options. In a discussion forum, users may share their
research findings
, ask questions, and provide opinions on various aspects of electric cars:
Example 1:
Forum User C: "I've been researching electric car models and found that the Tesla Model 3 has a longer range compared to other brands. Can anyone confirm this?"
Example 2:
Forum User D: "I'm concerned about the availability of charging stations in my area. Does anyone have experience with charging
infrastructure
in rural locations?"
These examples illustrate how users in the forum actively seek information to evaluate different electric car models based on features like range and charging infrastructure. They rely on the experiences and opinions of other forum members to make informed decisions.
Remember, the actual content and discussions in specific forums may vary. It's important to conduct real-time research and analysis in relevant forums to gather specific examples and insights related to the consumer decision process for electric cars.
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The price elasticity of demand for a good is -0.50. By how much must the price of the good decrease in order for sales to rise by 12%?
a.
3%.
b.
4.8%.
c.
12.4%.
d.
24%.
Question 24
Suppose Joe purchases 5 six-packs of beer per month when his monthly income is $100. Joe receives a raise at work, giving him an extra $40 per month in take-home pay, and Joe now purchases 7 six-packs of beer per month. What is Joe's income elasticity of demand for beer?
a.
2.
b.
1.
c.
0.3.
d.
0.05.
Question 37
Suppose we observe that the price of gasoline has been rising, even though the quantity of gasoline sold has been falling. We can conclude that
A.) The law of supply does not hold for gasoline
B.) The law of demand does not hold for gasoline
C.) The demand for gasoline must have fallen
D.) The supply of gasoline must have fallen
Hence, the price of the good must decrease by 24% in order for sales to rise by 12%.Option (D) is correct.
Question 1:
We have,Price elasticity of demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)Given that price elasticity of demand for a good is -0.50. We can write this as below,-0.50 = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)Here, % change in quantity demanded is given as 12%. Let's put this value in the above equation,-0.50 = 12% / (% change in price)We need to calculate % change in price that will result in 12% increase in sales.Solving above equation for % change in price, we get% change in price = 12% / -0.50% change in price = -24%Hence, the price of the good must decrease by 24% in order for sales to rise by 12%.Option (D) is correct.
Question 24:
Income elasticity of demand is given by the formula below,Income elasticity of demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in income)Let's put the given values in this equation. Given that,Joe purchases 5 six-packs of beer per month when his monthly income is $100.Joe receives a raise at work, giving him an extra $40 per month in take-home pay, and Joe now purchases 7 six-packs of beer per month.% change in quantity demanded = [(7-5)/5] * 100% change in quantity demanded = 40%Change in income = ($100+$40-$100) = $40% change in income = (40/100) * (100/100) = 40%Putting these values in the formula for income elasticity of demand, we getIncome elasticity of demand = 40% / 40%Income elasticity of demand = 1Hence, Joe's income elasticity of demand for beer is 1.Option (B) is correct.
Question 37:
If the price of gasoline has been rising, even though the quantity of gasoline sold has been falling, it indicates that the law of demand does not hold for gasoline.Law of demand states that if the price of a good or service increases, then the quantity demanded for that good or service will decrease, all other factors being equal.However, in this case, the price of gasoline has been increasing, but the quantity demanded for gasoline has been decreasing. This contradicts the law of demand.Hence, we can conclude that the law of demand does not hold for gasoline.Option (B) is correct.
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The right(option) to enter into a swap receiving a fixed rate is called 1 receiver swaption 2 payer swaption 3 forward rate agreements 4 zero-cost collar
The right to enter into a swap receiving a fixed rate is known as a payer swaption. The correct answer is option (2).
The right to enter into a swap receiving a fixed rate is called a 2) payer swaption. A swaption is an option on a swap, and a payer swaption gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap where they would pay the fixed rate and receive the floating rate. It grants the holder the option to enter into a swap where they would pay the fixed rate and receive the floating rate. This provides flexibility to the holder in taking advantage of favorable interest rate movements. Hence option (2) is the correct answer.
It provides the holder with the flexibility to take advantage of favorable interest rate movements. If the market interest rates rise above the fixed rate, the holder can choose not to exercise the swaption and avoid entering into the swap. However, if the market interest rates fall below the fixed rate, the holder can exercise the swaption and lock in the lower fixed rate.
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Information: You are given the information in the table below: Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Project A Cash flow -1000 50 150 600 800 1000 Cumul. Cash flow Project B Cash flow -1000 700 400 300 200 100 Cumul. Cash
The projected timeframe for receiving return on investment for both Project A and Project B is available.
The duration of Project A is three years.The duration of Project B will be one year.What is Payback Period?The duration in which an investment can produce sufficient income to reimburse its original expenses is referred to as the payback period.
After a period of 3 years, Project A generates a positive cumulative cash flow, suggesting that the initial investment has successfully been recuperated within that same time frame.
Project B has achieved a positive cumulative cash flow within a year, indicating that the investment has become self-sufficient within a year.
It is crucial to acknowledge that the payback period solely gauges investment profitability and neglects other essential elements, such as the risk of investment and the time value of money.
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B1. Estimating Payback Period Information: You are given the information in the table below: Year 0 2 3 4 5 Project A Cash flow -1000 50 150 600 800 1000 Cumul. Cash flow Project B Cash flow -1000 700
Quantity discounts are not a form of price discrimination because the firm saves on handling large orders. True or false? Explain.
(a) Why are first-and second-degree price discrimination less common than third-degree price discrimination? (b) Are lower airline fares at midweek an example of third-degree price discrimination? (c) Under what conditions would it not be useful to charge different prices in different markets (i.e., practice third-degree price discrimination) even if possible?
Quantity discounts can be considered a form of price discrimination, but not solely because of the firm's savings on handling large orders. While it is true that firms may save on handling costs with larger orders, quantity discounts primarily aim to incentivize customers to purchase larger quantities by offering lower prices per unit.
This pricing strategy allows the firm to capture additional revenue from customers who have a higher willingness to pay. Therefore, quantity discounts are a form of price discrimination as they involve charging different prices based on the quantity purchased. First- and second-degree price discrimination are less common than third-degree price discrimination due to various reasons. First-degree price discrimination, also known as perfect price discrimination, involves charging each customer their maximum willingness to pay. However, this type of price discrimination is challenging to implement as firms would require perfect information about each customer's willingness to pay, which is often impractical. Second-degree price discrimination involves charging different prices based on quantity or bundling strategies, which can be more complex to implement and may not be applicable to all industries.
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The annual costs for the maintenance department for 2017 indicated that the supervisor's salary and benefit package was $40,000 and that $130,000 had been spent in hourly wages. Equipment depreciation that year was $2,000. Additionally, $8,000 was spent on various consumable supplies that the maintenance department used in their tasks. There were 500 maintenance orders in 2017. For 2008, the supervisor was given a 3% raise. At the beginning of 2008, we expected to have 50 more maintenance requests.
a) Prepare a budget for 2018 and confirm that the total maintenance budget (total expenditures) should be increased to $195,000.
b) It is now the end of 2018 and the data shown below has been gathered on actual costs. There were 600 maintenance requests during the year. Conduct a variance analysis by comparing actual, variable and master (static) budget.
Supervisor's salary and benefits $ 37,500
Hourly worker wages 153,000
Depreciation 2,400
Consumable supplies 10,800
Total expenditures $203,700
After Conducting a variance analysis by comparing actual, variable, and master (static) budgets Initial investment = $356,600 (b) Year-1 OCF = ($118,000 - $118,000 × 0.2) = $94,400.
(a) The initial investment for this project is calculated by subtracting the reduction in net working capital from the total installed cost of the system. Given the total installed cost of $378,600 and a reduction in net working capital of $22,000, we have:
Initial Investment = $378,600 - $22,000
= $356,600
Therefore, the initial investment for this project is $356,600.
(b) The year-1 operating cash flow (OCF) can be determined by subtracting the tax-adjusted savings in order processing costs from the gross savings. With a gross savings of $118,000 per year and a tax rate of 20%, we calculate:
Year-1 OCF = Gross Savings - (Gross Savings × Tax Rate)
= $118,000 - ($118,000 × 0.2)
= $94,400
Therefore, the year-1 operating cash flow for this project is $94,400.
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Stipulate eight possible reasons that could necessitate the launch of a facility layout project. 3.2 There exists in literature numerous plant design and planning methodologies. Differentiate between Apple's Plant Layout Procedure and Reed's Plant Layout Procedure.
Launching a facility layout project may be necessitated by various reasons, including: 1) facility expansion or relocation, 2) introduction of new products or services, 3) optimization of workflow and production efficiency, 4) adoption of new technology or machinery, 5) improvement of safety and ergonomics, 6) cost reduction and waste elimination, 7) compliance with regulatory requirements, and 8) adaptation to changing market demands.
Regarding the differentiation between Apple's Plant Layout Procedure and Reed's Plant Layout Procedure, specific information about these methodologies is limited. However, based on the nature of Apple as a technology-driven company, its plant layout procedure may emphasize efficient space utilization, integration of advanced technologies, and fostering employee collaboration. Apple's approach might prioritize creating innovative workspaces and optimizing the flow of materials and information.
On the other hand, Reed's Plant Layout Procedure might focus on factors such as flexibility, scalability, and lean manufacturing principles. It may aim to design layouts that can adapt to changing production needs, accommodate future growth, and reduce waste in processes. The methodology may involve techniques like value stream mapping and continuous improvement to optimize plant layouts and enhance overall operational efficiency. To provide a more detailed differentiation, further analysis and specific guidelines from Apple and Reed would be required.
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Emmanuel exercised a nonstatutory stock option on March 14, 2021. He purchased 200 shares of his company's stock for $6,000. The fair market value of the stock at the time of purchase was $8,000. He included the $2,000 difference between the fair market value and the purchase price as compensation income when he filed his 2021 return. What is Emmanuel's basis in the underlying stock?
$0
$2,000
$6,000
$8,000
Emmanuel's basis in the underlying stock is $8,000. The correct option is d)
Emmanuel exercised a non statutory stock option on March 14, 2021. He purchased 200 shares of his company's stock for $6,000. The fair market value of the stock at the time of purchase was $8,000. He included the $2,000 difference between the fair market value and the purchase price as compensation income when he filed his 2021 return.
The basis of a nonstatutory stock option (NSO) is the purchase price plus any compensation that was included in the purchaser's gross income when the option was exercised. Since Emmanuel included the $2,000 difference between the fair market value and the purchase price as compensation income when he filed his 2021 return, his basis in the underlying stock is $8,000.
This is because Emmanuel would have used the option to buy shares that had a fair market value of $8,000. Thus, Emmanuel's basis in the stock would be the $6,000 purchase price of the shares, plus the $2,000 compensation income that he included when he filed his tax return.
The following is a breakdown of Emmanuel's basis in the underlying stock: $6,000 (Purchase price of the stock)$2,000 (Compensation income)$8,000 (Total Basis in the Underlying Stock)
Therefore, Emmanuel's basis in the underlying stock is $8,000.
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the
two legal ways a tenant may be evicted are
There are two legal ways a tenant may be evicted: through a Notice to Quit and a Court Order.
The eviction process begins with a Notice to Quit, which is a written notice sent by the landlord to the tenant, requesting them to vacate the property. If the tenant does not comply with the notice and remains on the premises, the landlord can proceed with a court action to obtain a court order.
The Court Order is the second stage of the eviction process. The landlord initiates a court action to obtain a court order that authorizes the removal of the tenant from the property. The tenant will receive a court summons and must attend the court hearing. If the tenant fails to appear, a court order will likely be granted in favor of the landlord. Once the court order is obtained, the landlord can apply for a Warrant of Possession, which allows them to legally evict the tenant. The eviction process is carried out by court bailiffs.
To legally evict a tenant, landlords follow a two-step process involving a Notice to Quit and a Court Order. The Notice to Quit serves as an initial notice for the tenant to leave the property, while the Court Order is obtained through a court action and enables the landlord to lawfully remove the tenant with the assistance of court bailiffs.
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Which of the following can a company do to customer churn?
A.
Attract new customers to try out the company's products.
B.
Increase customer lifetime value by increasing the non-monetary
cost
A company can reduce customer churn by A. attracting new customers to try out their products. This will help the company increase its customer base and retain its existing customers in the long run.
Customer churn is when customers leave a company or stop using its services. It is a significant problem for most businesses, as it means that they are losing revenue and potential long-term customers.
There are several reasons why customers might choose to churn. Some of the common reasons include dissatisfaction with the company's products or services, poor customer service, or better deals offered by competitors.
A company can take several steps to reduce customer churn. Some of the most effective strategies include:
Improving customer service: Companies can improve their customer service by providing quick and effective solutions to customer problems. This can help to build trust and loyalty among customers, making them less likely to leave.
Improving product quality: Companies can improve their product quality to meet the changing needs and expectations of customers. By offering high-quality products, companies can retain their existing customers and attract new ones.
Improving pricing: Companies can improve their pricing by offering discounts, promotions, and special deals to customers. This can help to build customer loyalty and reduce churn.
Attracting new customers: Companies can reduce customer churn by attracting new customers to try out their products. This will help the company increase its customer base and retain its existing customers in the long run.
Increasing customer lifetime value: Companies can increase customer lifetime value by increasing the non-monetary cost, which will ensure that customers are satisfied with their services.
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