In strategic quality planning, "strategy content" refers to the substance or the elements of a strategy, such as the goals, objectives, action plans, and initiatives that an organization intends to pursue.
It focuses on determining what needs to be achieved and the specific actions to achieve those goals. Strategy content involves making decisions about the direction and scope of the organization's quality efforts.
On the other hand, "strategy process" refers to the way in which strategies are formulated, implemented, and evaluated within an organization. It involves the processes, procedures, and activities used to develop and execute strategies. Strategy process includes activities like strategic analysis, stakeholder engagement, decision-making processes, communication, and monitoring and control mechanisms.
Examples of quality-related strategy content issues may include setting quality improvement goals, developing quality standards, establishing quality assurance procedures, and defining the key performance indicators for quality measurement.
Examples of strategy process issues in the context of quality planning could involve the involvement of cross-functional teams in strategy development, conducting regular quality audits, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, ensuring effective communication and coordination among departments, and regularly reviewing and updating the quality strategy based on feedback and performance evaluation.
Know more about decision-making processes here
https://brainly.com/question/28900762#
#SPJ11
Levine Inc., which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product.
Direct materials (6 pounds at $3.20 per pound) $19.20
Direct labor (4 hours at $12.00 per hour) $48.00
During the month of April, the company manufactures 240 units and incurs the following actual costs.
Direct materials purchased and used (1,470 pounds) $4,998
Direct labor (980 hours) $11,564
Journalize the entries to record the materials and labor variances.
Levine Inc. which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product:
Direct materials (6 pounds at $3.20 per pound) = $19.20 Direct labor (4 hours at $12.00 per hour) = $48.00 During the month of April, the company manufactures 240 units and incurs the following actual costs:
Direct materials purchased and used (1,470 pounds) = $4,998 Direct labor (980 hours) = $11,564 Journal entries to record the materials and labor variances are shown below:
Calculation of Material Variances Actual cost of materials used = $4,998 Standard cost of materials used = 1,470 pounds × $3.20 per pound = $4,704 Material price variance = Actual cost of materials used - (Standard quantity × Standard price)= $4,998 - $4,704 = $294 (A) Journal entry to record material price variance is:
Calculation of Labor Variances Actual cost of direct labor incurred = $11,564 Standard cost of direct labor incurred = 980 hours × $12 per hour = $11,760 Labor rate variance = Actual cost of direct labor incurred - (Standard hours × Standard labor rate)= $11,564 - $11,760 = $196 (F)Journal entry to record labor rate variance is:
Labor efficiency variance = Standard cost of direct labor incurred - (Standard hours allowed for actual production × Standard labor rate)= $11,760 - (240 units × 4 hours per unit × $12 per hour) = $1,920 (F) Journal entry to record labor efficiency variance is:
Therefore, the answer is:
Journalize the entries to record the materials and labor variances. May 1 Materials Price Variance Account 294 Accounts Payable or Cash 294 (To record materials price variance)May 1 Labor Rate Variance Account 196 Wages Payable 196 (To record labor rate variance)May 1 Labor Efficiency Variance Account 1,920 Wages Payable 1,920.
To know more about product visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/31815585
#SPJ11
C View Policies. Current Attempt in Progress Carla Vista Co. has the following two notes receivable at May 31, 2021, its fiscal year end: 1. $39,600 six-month, 8% note issued January 1, 2021 2. $19,200 three-month, 4% note issued April 30, 2021 Interest is payable at maturity for both notes. (a) Calculate the accrued interest on both notes at May 31, 2021. (Round answers to the nearest whole dollar, e.g. 5,275.) Note 1: $ Note 2:
$1,030 is the accrued interest on note 1 at May 31, 2021 and $66 is the accrued interest on note 2 at May 31, 2021 .
To calculate the accrued interest on both notes at May 31, 2021, we need to know the number of days from the date of issue to the year-end date (May 31, 2021).
Note 1: $39,600 six-month, 8% note issued January 1, 2021The number of days from January 1, 2021, to May 31, 2021, is 151 days.
Accrued Interest = $39,600 x 8% x 151 / 365= $1,030 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Hence, the accrued interest on Note 1 at May 31, 2021, is $1,030.
Note 2: $19,200 three-month, 4% note issued April 30, 2021
The number of days from April 30, 2021, to May 31, 2021, is 31 days.
Accrued Interest = $19,200 x 4% x 31 / 365= $66 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Hence, the accrued interest on Note 2 at May 31, 2021, is $66.
Therefore , $1,030 and $66 are the accrued interest on both notes at May 31, 2021.
To know more about interest refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/29451175
#SPJ11
A call option on Rosenstein Corporation stock has a market price of $7. The stock sells for $31 a share, and the option has an exercise price of $25 a share.
a. What is the exercise value of the call option?
b. What is the premium on the option?
a. The exercise value of the call option is $6, calculated as the difference between the stock's current price ($31) and the option's exercise price ($25).b. The premium on the option is $7, representing the market price of the option and encompassing factors like the exercise value, time value of money, and market expectations.
a. The exercise value of a call option is the difference between the stock's current price and the option's exercise price. In this case, the exercise value would be calculated as follows: $31 (stock price) - $25 (exercise price) = $6.
Therefore, the exercise value of the call option is $6.
b. The premium of an option is the market price of the option, which in this case is given as $7. The premium represents the cost that an investor would pay to purchase the option.
It is influenced by various factors such as the time to expiration, volatility of the underlying stock, and prevailing interest rates.
The premium of $7 in this scenario is higher than the exercise value of $6. This is because the premium includes not only the exercise value but also additional factors like the time value of money and market expectations.
These additional factors contribute to the total cost of the option and are reflected in the premium.
Investors pay a premium to acquire options because they offer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price.
The premium compensates the option seller for the risk they assume by granting this right to the buyer.
To know more about call option refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/17112313#
#SPJ11
Partnership net loss of ₱132,000 is to be divided between partners Doods and Elsie according to the following: There will be salary allowances of ₱70,000 for Doods and ₱30,000 for Elsie, with the remainder divided 55% for Doods and 45% for Elsie. How much of the net loss will be distributed to Doods and Elsie, respectively?
₱87,600 and ₱44,400
₱57,600 and ₱74,400 (correct answer but why show work pls)
₱72,600 and ₱59,400
₱66,000 and ₱66,000
Partnership net loss of ₱132,000 is to be divided between partners Doods and Elsie according to the following: There will be salary allowances of ₱70,000 for Doods and ₱30,000 for Elsie, with the remainder divided 55% for Doods and 45% for Elsie. The distribution of the net loss will be ₱17,600 for Doods and ₱14,400 for Elsie.
To calculate the distribution of the net loss between partners Doods and Elsie, follow the given allocation percentages and subtract the salary allowances.
Given information:
Net loss: ₱132,000
Salary allowance for Doods: ₱70,000
Salary allowance for Elsie: ₱30,000
First, let's subtract the salary allowances from the net loss:
Net loss after salary allowances = Net loss - Salary allowance for Doods - Salary allowance for Elsie
Net loss after salary allowances = ₱132,000 - ₱70,000 - ₱30,000
Net loss after salary allowances = ₱32,000
Now, let's calculate the distribution of the remaining net loss based on the given percentages:
Distribution to Doods = Net loss after salary allowances × Percentage for Doods
Distribution to Doods = ₱32,000 × 55% = ₱17,600
Distribution to Elsie = Net loss after salary allowances × Percentage for Elsie
Distribution to Elsie = ₱32,000 × 45% = ₱14,400
Therefore, the correct answer is:
The distribution of the net loss will be ₱17,600 for Doods and ₱14,400 for Elsie.
Learn more about Partnership here:
https://brainly.com/question/12983082
#SPJ11
(a) What is the service rate per server in terms of customers per minute? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) -1 min MY NOTES A study of the multiple-server food-service operation at the Red Birds baseball park shows that the average time between the arrival of a customer at the food-service counter and his or her departure with a filled order is 12 minutes. During the game, customers arrive at the rate of five per minute. The food-service operation requires an average of 3 minutes per customer order. (b) What is the average waiting time (in minutes) in the line prior to placing an order? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) min (c) On average, how many customers are in the food-service system? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) Need Help? Read It ASK YOUR TEACHER PRACTICE ANOTHER
a. The service rate time is 1/3 customers per minute
b. The average waiting time is 9 minutes
c. 60 customers
How to determine the valuesFrom the information given, we have that;
(a)
To calculate the service rate per server, let us find the time it takes to serve a customer.
The average time for delivery = 12 minutes.
The food-service operation= 3 minutes per customer order. T
Then, average waiting time = 12 minutes - 3 minutes = 9 minutes.
Service rate per server= 1 customer served per (3 minutes/customer) = 1/3 customers per minute.
(c)
Using Little's Law, we have that;
Average number of customers in the food-service system = Arrival rate ×Average time spent in the system
= 5 customers per minute × (9 minutes + 3 minutes)
= 5 customers per minute × 12 minutes
Multiply the values
= 60 customers
Learn more about Little's law at: https://brainly.com/question/25827453
#SPJ4
Where should prepaid expenses and prepaid assets classify in? (Operating Assets, Financial Assets, Operating Liabilities, or Financial Liabilities)
Prepaid expenses and prepaid assets should be classified under Operating Assets.
Operating assets are a type of asset that a company uses to conduct its normal business operations. Prepaid expenses and prepaid assets are included in operating assets because they are assets that the company has paid for but have not yet received the goods or services to which they relate.
Therefore, prepaid expenses and prepaid assets should be classified under Operating Assets.
On the other hand, financial assets are typically investments made by a company in financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, or derivatives. Operating liabilities represent the obligations or debts arising from a company's normal operations, such as accounts payable or accrued expenses. Prepaid expenses and prepaid assets do not fall under the categories of financial assets or operating liabilities.
To learn more about prepaid expenses: https://brainly.com/question/28995167
#SPJ11
Its about medical tourism company
Section 1; DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN (also called R&D)
A. Development Status and Tasks
B. Difficulties and Risks
C. Product Improvement and New Products
D. Projected Development Costs
E. Proprietary Issues/Intellectual Property (patents, licenses, copyrights, brand names, trade secrets)
The main components of the Design and Development Plan (R&D) are as follows: Development Status and Task, Difficulties and Risks, Product Improvement and New Products, Projected Development Costs & Proprietary Issues/Intellectual Property.
A. Development Status and Tasks: This section provides an overview of the current development status of the product and outlines the specific tasks that need to be completed to bring the product to market.
B. Difficulties and Risks: This section identifies the potential challenges, difficulties, and risks that may arise during the development process. It helps to anticipate and address any obstacles that could impact the project's success.
C. Product Improvement and New Products: This section focuses on continuous product improvement and the potential for developing new products based on the existing technology or innovation. It highlights the company's commitment to innovation and staying ahead of market trends.
D. Projected Development Costs: This section estimates the anticipated costs associated with the product's development, including research, testing, prototyping, and other related expenses. It helps in budgeting and financial planning for the project.
E. Proprietary Issues/Intellectual Property: This section covers any proprietary issues or intellectual property rights associated with the product, such as patents, licenses, copyrights, brand names, or trade secrets. It demonstrates the company's commitment to protecting its intellectual assets and maintaining a competitive edge.
Each component contributes to the overall planning and execution of the product's design and development process, ensuring efficient and successful product innovation.
To learn more about Design and Development Plan here
https://brainly.com/question/27762403
#SPJ4
Question 51 Corrective taxes O give factory owners an economic incentive to reduce pollution O encourage consumers to avoid sales by shopping online O are frequently used to discourage imports O are less effective than direct regulation
Corrective taxes give factory owners an economic incentive to reduce pollution.
Corrective taxes, also known as Pigouvian taxes, are designed to internalize the external costs associated with certain activities, such as pollution. By imposing taxes on polluting activities, such as emissions or waste disposal, the government aims to discourage these behaviors by making them more expensive. Factory owners, faced with higher tax burdens, have an economic incentive to reduce pollution in order to avoid or minimize these taxes. This economic incentive can drive them to invest in cleaner technologies, improve efficiency, or explore alternative production methods that are less polluting.
Corrective taxes are a market-based approach to environmental regulation, as they harness the power of economic incentives to encourage behavior change. By making polluting activities more costly, they create a financial motivation for businesses to adopt cleaner practices. Compared to direct regulation, such as strict emissions standards, corrective taxes provide flexibility to businesses in how they achieve pollution reduction targets. However, their effectiveness can depend on various factors, such as the level of tax imposed, the elasticity of demand for the taxed product, and the availability of feasible pollution reduction strategies.
Corrective taxes provide an economic incentive for factory owners to reduce pollution. They are a market-based approach that aims to internalize external costs associated with pollution. While they offer flexibility to businesses in meeting pollution reduction targets, their effectiveness depends on various factors. Nonetheless, corrective taxes play a significant role in encouraging environmentally conscious behavior and can contribute to mitigating pollution and its impact on society.
To know more about economic visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17996535
#SPJ11
Wholesalers are often used in an indirect marketing channel. - True - False Question
The Dewalt company wants Lowe's to carry all its tools but not the tools of its competitors so that Dewalt can maximize its sales. But Lowe's carries a mix of tool brands so it can maximize the sales in its tool category. This misalignment of goals will likely lead to a(n) ________ channel conflict. - independent - horizontal - conventional - coercive - vertical
The statement "Wholesalers are often used in an indirect marketing channel" is True. Wholesalers play a crucial role in indirect marketing channels by acting as intermediaries between manufacturers or producers and retailers.
They purchase goods in bulk from manufacturers and sell them to retailers, who then sell the products to end consumers.
Regarding the second question, the misalignment of goals between Dewalt and Lowe's, where Dewalt wants exclusivity for its tools while Lowe's carries a mix of tool brands, would likely lead to a "vertical" channel conflict. Vertical channel conflict occurs between different levels of the same marketing channel, such as between a manufacturer and a retailer. In this case, Dewalt (manufacturer) and Lowe's (retailer) have conflicting goals regarding the assortment of tool brands, which can create tensions and conflicts in their channel relationship.
Learn more about purchase here:
https://brainly.com/question/31035675
#SPJ11
What is an interest rate (%) for construction related costs if the annual interest rate is 12% and your project time is 36 months?
The interest rate for construction related costs is 1% per month.
To calculate the interest rate for construction related costs, we need to convert the annual interest rate of 12% to a monthly interest rate. Since there are 12 months in a year, we divide the annual interest rate by 12 to get the monthly interest rate: 12% / 12 = 1% per month. Therefore, the interest rate for construction related costs is 1% per month.
The interest rate for construction related costs is 1% per month when the annual interest rate is 12% and the project time is 36 months. This means that for each month during the construction period, the cost of borrowing for construction related expenses will be 1% of the total amount borrowed.
You can learn more about interest rates at
https://brainly.com/question/29451175
#SPJ11
Why Big Companies Fail to Innovate
Due June 12, 2022 – worth 10%
Refer to textbook case, Analyzing Management Decisions, Why Big Companies Fail to Innovate, on page 393 of the course text (chapter 10).
Read and analyse the case following the format outlined below. (The questions posed simply help to focus your analyses and approach. They guide you in exploring stakeholder perspectives and possible alternatives/solutions.) Support any assumptions that you make (use citations), and remember to apply terms and concepts from the text. The objective of any assignment is to demonstrate what you have learned in the course!
Format
Use the following standard report format to organize your analyses:
Introduction – in a paragraph, briefly summarize the issues. (0.5%)
Problem Statement – in a sentence, describe the major problem that must be resolved. (0.5%)
Stakeholder Analysis – Consider the complexity of the situation and the potentially conflicting perspectives of at least three various stakeholders (refer to chapter 1), applying concepts from the text. (4%)
Alternatives – propose and analyze three alternative solutions, which must be supported by concepts in the text, or external research. (2%)
Recommended Solution – what would you advise? How will you implement your recommendation? (1.5%)
Conclusion – briefly summarize why your solution best resolves the problem. (0.5%)
[Format, References and style (1%)]
Written Report
Your written report should be no more than two pages in length (1.5 spacing) excluding reference pages and appendices, and submitted on LMS. Use at least three sources/references to support your analyses, and remember to document them properly, using either APA or MLA format. Appendices can be used for any additional details to support your arguments
In the introduction, briefly summarize the issues discussed in the case. Provide an overview of why big companies fail to innovate and the challenges they face in fostering a culture of innovation. Highlight the importance of innovation for the long-term success of companies.
Problem Statement:
State the major problem that needs to be resolved. This could be identifying the key barriers or factors that hinder innovation in big companies and exploring possible solutions.
Stakeholder Analysis:
Consider the various stakeholders involved in the case and their perspectives on the issue. Some potential stakeholders to consider are:
Company executives and management: They may prioritize short-term financial goals over long-term innovation due to pressure from shareholders or a focus on maintaining existing market dominance.
Employees: They may face resistance to change, lack of resources or incentives for innovation, or fear of failure.
Customers: They may desire new products or services but may also be resistant to change or prefer established brands.
Analyze the perspectives of these stakeholders and any other relevant ones, taking into account their motivations, interests, and potential conflicts. Use concepts from the text to support your analysis.
Alternatives:
Propose and analyze three alternative solutions to address the problem identified. These alternatives should be supported by concepts from the text or external research. Some possible alternatives could include:
Establishing a dedicated innovation team or division within the company to focus on disruptive ideas and technologies.
Implementing incentives and rewards for employees to encourage innovation and risk-taking.
Collaborating with startups or acquiring smaller innovative companies to bring fresh ideas and talent into the organization.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative, considering factors such as feasibility, cost, and potential impact on the company's culture and operations.
Recommended Solution:
Based on your analysis, recommend the most suitable solution for addressing the problem. Explain why you believe this solution is the best option, considering the stakeholder perspectives, potential benefits, and alignment with the company's long-term goals.
Provide a plan for implementing your recommended solution, including any necessary steps, resources, or changes in company policies or practices.
Conclusion:
Summarize why your recommended solution is the most effective in resolving the problem of big companies failing to innovate. Highlight the potential positive outcomes and long-term benefits for the company and its stakeholders.
Format, References, and Style:
Ensure your report follows the provided format, including the introduction, problem statement, stakeholder analysis, alternatives, recommended solution, and conclusion sections. Properly document your sources using APA or MLA format, and adhere to any additional style requirements specified by your instructor.
Learn more about stakeholders Here-
https://brainly.com/question/15532995
#SPJ4
Dividends are paid when approved by the Select one: O A. shareholders. O B. management. O C. board of directors. O D. creditors.
Dividends are paid when approved by board of directors. The correct answer is C.
Dividends are payments made to shareholders as a distribution of the company's profits. They are approved and declared by the board of directors, who are responsible for making decisions regarding the company's financial matters, including the distribution of dividends to shareholders. Therefore, the board of directors approves the payment of dividends.
Dividends are payments made by a company to its shareholders as a way to distribute a portion of its profits. The decision to pay dividends is typically made by the board of directors, who act as representatives of the shareholders.
The board of directors plays a crucial role in overseeing the company's operations and making important financial decisions. When it comes to declaring and approving dividends, they consider various factors such as the company's financial performance, available cash reserves, future investment plans, and the interests of shareholders.
Before paying dividends, the board of directors assesses the financial health of the company to ensure that it has sufficient profits and cash flow to sustain the distribution. They also consider any legal requirements or restrictions on dividend payments. Once the board approves the dividend payment, it is typically communicated to the shareholders, who receive the dividends based on their ownership percentage or the number of shares they hold.
Overall, the board of directors holds the authority to approve dividends, acting in the best interests of the company and its shareholders. Their decision-making process involves careful analysis of financial factors and consideration of shareholder expectations.
To know more about Dividends refer here
brainly.com/question/28392301#
#SPJ11
Describe how your work has been geared towards enhancing your knowledge about yourself, enhancing your ability to diagnose aspects of self, and inculcating in you the practice of evaluating oneself. Describe two instances that indicated your leadership emergence. How did you lead after those incidents?
My work has been geared towards enhancing my knowledge about myself by studying psychology, counseling, and human development courses.
Through these courses, I have been able to learn about personality traits, emotions, and cognitive processes that are unique to individuals, and how these traits influence behavior, attitudes, and the way people interact with each other.I have also been able to diagnose aspects of self, such as strengths, weaknesses, biases, and values, by engaging in self-reflection, journaling, and meditation practices. These practices have enabled me to identify areas in which I need to grow, and have allowed me to work towards developing myself as a whole person.Furthermore, my work has inculcated in me the practice of evaluating myself by seeking feedback from peers, mentors, and supervisors. This feedback has been instrumental in helping me identify areas in which I need to improve, and has enabled me to learn from others and grow as a person.
Two instances that indicated my leadership emergence were when I was appointed as the team leader for a group project, and when I took charge of a work-related event.The first instance was when I was appointed as the team leader for a group project in my psychology class. I was able to identify each member's strengths and weaknesses, and delegate tasks accordingly. I made sure that everyone in the group was heard, and that everyone's ideas were taken into account. I also facilitated communication between group members and ensured that the project was completed on time and to a high standard.The second instance was when I took charge of a work-related event. I was able to manage the event smoothly, despite facing some unexpected challenges. I communicated effectively with all stakeholders, and ensured that everyone's needs were met.
To know more about human development courses visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30558333
#SPJ11
Currently, Meyers Manufacturing Enterprises (MME) has a capital structure consisting of 35% debt and 65% equity. MME's debt currently has a 7.3% yield to maturity. The risk-free rate (rRF) is 5.3%, and the market risk premium (rM – rRF) is 6.3%. Using the CAPM, MME estimates that its cost of equity is currently 11.3%. The company has a 40% tax rate.
a. What is MME's current WACC? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.
%
b. What is the current beta on MME's common stock? Round your answer to 4 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.
c. What would MME's beta be if the company had no debt in its capital structure? (That is, what is MME's unlevered beta, bU?) Round your answer to 4 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.
MME's financial staff is considering changing its capital structure to 45% debt and 55% equity. If the company went ahead with the proposed change, the yield to maturity on the company's bonds would rise to 7.8%. The proposed change will have no effect on the company's tax rate.
d. What would be the company's new cost of equity if it adopted the proposed change in capital structure? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.
%
e. What would be the company's new WACC if it adopted the proposed change in capital structure? Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.
%
f. Based on your answer to Part e, would you advise MME to adopt the proposed change in capital structure?
-Select-The firm should proceed with the recapitalization.The firm should not proceed with the recapitalization.
a. To calculate MME's current weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we need to calculate the cost of debt, cost of equity, and the weights of debt and equity in the capital structure.
Cost of debt = yield to maturity = 7.3%
Cost of equity = rRF + (rM - rRF) * beta = 5.3% + 6.3% * beta (given that cost of equity is estimated using the CAPM)
Weight of debt = 35%
Weight of equity = 65%
WACC = (Weight of debt * Cost of debt) + (Weight of equity * Cost of equity)
WACC = (0.35 * 7.3%) + (0.65 * 11.3%)
WACC ≈ 8.45%
Therefore, MME's current WACC is approximately 8.45%.
b. The current beta on MME's common stock is not given in the provided information. Please provide the beta value to calculate it.
c. To calculate MME's unlevered beta (bU), we can use the formula:
bU = β / (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt/Equity))
Given that MME's debt-to-equity ratio is 35% (0.35) and the tax rate is 40% (0.40), we can calculate the unlevered beta.
bU = β / (1 + (1 - 0.40) * 0.35)
bU = β / 1.21
Please provide the current beta value to calculate the unlevered beta.
d. To calculate the new cost of equity, we can use the CAPM formula with the new proposed capital structure:
Cost of equity = rRF + (rM - rRF) * beta
Given that the risk-free rate (rRF) is 5.3%, the market risk premium (rM - rRF) is 6.3%, and the beta is not provided, we cannot calculate the new cost of equity. Please provide the beta value.
e. To calculate the new WACC with the proposed capital structure, we can use the same formula as in part a, but with the updated cost of debt and the new weights of debt and equity:
Weight of debt = 45%
Weight of equity = 55%
Cost of debt = yield to maturity = 7.8%
New WACC = (0.45 * 7.8%) + (0.55 * New Cost of Equity)
Please provide the new cost of equity to calculate the new WACC.
f. Based on the provided information, we cannot determine whether MME should adopt the proposed change in capital structure without the values of the beta and the new cost of equity.
Learn more about market risk premium here:
https://brainly.com/question/32078404
#SPJ11
Question 4
What are asset pricing models? Give an example of an asset pricing model. Explain how asset pricing models can be used in the measurement of fund manager performance.
Question 5
What data would be needed for individual stocks in order to calculate monthly book to market factor returns for 2021? Explain in steps exactly how book to market factor monthly returns might be calculated for 2021.
Asset pricing models are used to determine the fair value of assets. They are used to estimate the expected returns on various investments. The goal of asset pricing models is to determine the appropriate price for an investment based on the risk involved and expected returns.An example of an asset pricing model is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
CAPM is used to calculate the expected return on a stock based on its level of risk and the expected market rate of return. This model is based on the assumption that investors are risk-averse and that they will only invest in risky assets if they are compensated with higher returns.Asset pricing models can be used in the measurement of fund manager performance by comparing the returns of a fund manager's portfolio to the expected returns predicted by the model. If the fund manager's portfolio outperforms the expected returns, it can be inferred that the fund manager has made good investment decisions. On the other hand, if the portfolio underperforms, it suggests that the fund manager has made poor investment decisions.
In order to calculate monthly book to market factor returns for 2021, the following data would be required for individual stocks:Market capitalization of individual stocks.Book value of individual stocks.Market price of individual stocks.
In order to calculate book to market factor monthly returns for 2021, the following steps might be followed:-
Firstly, the market capitalization of individual stocks is determined.
Secondly, the book value of individual stocks is determined. This is done by subtracting the total liabilities of a company from its total assets. Book value = Total assets - Total liabilities.
Thirdly, the book to market ratio is calculated. Book to market ratio = Book value / Market capitalization. The result of this calculation shows the extent to which a stock is overvalued or undervalued.
Fourthly, the monthly book to market factor return is calculated. This is done by subtracting the average monthly returns of all the stocks with high book to market ratios from the average monthly returns of all the stocks with low book to market ratios.
To learn more about "CAPM" visit: https://brainly.com/question/28204743
#SPJ11
Please include an explanation of exception analysisits
importance, and one real world example.
Exception analysts are specialists in data analytics that focus on investigating unusual data patterns that deviate from established standards. They assist in the identification of trends, unusual behaviors, and data inconsistencies.
The term "exceptions" refers to data observations that deviate from what is expected or typical. Exception analysis can be done for a range of applications such as fraud detection, supply chain management, cybersecurity, and risk management.
Exception analysis can be important in many areas including finance, IT, and retail. Exception analysis aids in the detection of anomalies or red flags that might indicate errors or possible threats in a system. It's critical because it allows companies to detect and respond to potential problems more quickly.
Exception analysis can help with risk management by assisting in the early detection of issues and identifying trends that indicate future problems. An organization can establish standards, identify exceptions, and compare them to the standard to detect irregularities in the data using exception analysis.
An example of exception analysis might be examining credit card activity to identify fraudulent transactions. Exception analysis would be critical in identifying deviations from regular credit card use patterns to identify and halt potential fraud.
For example, if a credit card user's data indicated that the user typically only spends $200 per month, but a transaction for $3,000 suddenly appeared, the exception analyst would investigate the transaction to determine if it was authorized.
To know more about Exception analysts, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32419533#
#SPJ11
A company had 20,000 shares outstanding on January 1. They issued 5,604 shares on May 31. And on August 31, 3,881 shares were purchased as treasury stock. Calculate the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the year to the nearest whole number.
Weighted average shares outstanding for the year is computed by considering the time-weighted portions of shares outstanding during the year. This gives a more accurate value than merely computing the year-end shares outstanding.A company had 20,000 shares outstanding on January 1.
Weighted average shares outstanding for the year is computed by considering the time-weighted portions of shares outstanding during the year. This gives a more accurate value than merely computing the year-end shares outstanding.A company had 20,000 shares outstanding on January 1. They issued 5,604 shares on May 31. And on August 31, 3,881 shares were purchased as treasury stock. So, the number of shares outstanding during the year is:Outstanding at the beginning of the year = 20,000Shares issued on May 31 = 5,604Shares purchased on August 31 = 3,881Shares outstanding at the end of the year = 20,000 + 5,604 – 3,881 = 21,723The weighted average shares outstanding for the year is:WASO = [(20,000 x 151/365) + (25,604 x 122/365) + (21,723 x 92/365)] ≈ 21,047 (rounded to the nearest whole number)Thus, the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the year to the nearest whole number is 21,047 shares.
To know more about outstanding visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1442615
#SPJ11
The company's inventory balances were as follows at the beginning and end of the year: Raw materials............ Work in process Finished goods Beginning Balance $11,000 $32,000 $108,000 Ending Balance $15,000 $14,000 $123,000 Riley applies overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate based on machine-hours. a At the beginning of the year, the Riley estimated that it would work 16,500 machine-hours, use $420,000 in direct labor, and incur $375,000 in manufacturing overhead cost. The following transactions were recorded for the year: . • Raw materials were purchased, $416,000. • Raw materials were requisitioned for use in production, $414,000 ($346,000 direct and $68,000 indirect). • The following employee costs were incurred: direct labor, $325,000; indirect labor, $69,500; and administrative salaries, $157,000. Selling costs, $113,000. • Factory supplies, $64,500. Depreciation for the year was $121,000 of which $110,000 is related to factory operations and $11,000 is related to selling, general, and administrative activities. Manufacturing overhead was applied to jobs. The actual level of activity for the year was 15,500 machine-hours. • Sales for the year totaled $1,282,000. . . a) What was the balance in the overhead account at the end of the year?
The $12,324 unfavorable overhead variance indicates that the company incurred more manufacturing overhead costs than it applied. Therefore, the balance in the overhead account at the end of the year is $16,000 favorable.
The balance in the overhead account at the end of the year is $16,000 (favorable).Calculation of overhead rate:Predetermined overhead rate
= Estimated overhead cost ÷ Estimated activity level= $375,000 ÷ 16,500
machine-hours= $22.73 per machine-hour
Raw materials inventory balance at the beginning of the year = $11,000
Raw materials inventory balance at the end of the year = $15,000Raw materials purchased = $416,000
Raw materials requisitioned for use in production = $414,000
Direct materials = $346,000
Indirect materials = $68,000
Factory supplies = $64,500
Total materials available for use = $491,500Cost of direct materials used = $346,000Beginning balance of work in process = $32,000
Ending balance of work in process = $14,000
Direct labor = $325,000Indirect labor = $69,500
Manufacturing overhead cost applied = $352,176
Manufacturing overhead cost incurred = $364,500
Difference between overhead cost incurred and applied = $12,324 (unfavorable)Depreciation for factory operations = $110,000
Depreciation for selling, general, and administrative activities = $11,000Total depreciation = $121,000The total manufacturing costs for the year
=Beginning balance of finished goods
= $108,000
Cost of goods manufactured = $346,000 + $352,176 + $32,000 - $14,000
Cost of goods manufactured = $716,176
Ending balance of finished goods = $123,000
Total manufacturing cost = $108,000 + $716,176 = $824,176
Total cost of goods available for sale = $824,176
Sales for the year = $1,282,000
Gross profit = $1,282,000 - $824,176 = $457,824
Selling costs = $113,000
Administrative salaries = $157,000
Total period costs = $113,000 + $157,000 = $270,000
Net income for the year = $457,824 - $270,000 = $187,824
The balance in the overhead account at the end of the year is $16,000 (favorable)Formula:Applied manufacturing overhead cost - Actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred = Overhead variance$352,176 - $364,500 = $12,324 (unfavorable)The $12,324 unfavorable overhead variance indicates that the company incurred more manufacturing overhead costs than it applied. Therefore, the balance in the overhead account at the end of the year is $16,000 favorable.
To know more about overhead variance visit:
https://brainly.com/question/20164527
#SPJ11
On June 30, 2020, Sanders Company issued $930,000 of 7% bonds at 103. The bonds pay interest on June 30 and December 31 and mature in 10 years. Required: Prepare the journal entry on December 31, 2020, to record the bond interest expense and the amortization of the bond discount or bond premium.
The journal entry for Sanders Company on December 31, 2020, to record bond interest expense and amortization of bond discount or bond premium can be explained as follows: Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Interest Expense [$930,000 × 7% × (6/12)]$32,550Discount on Bonds Payable ($930,000 × 3%)$27,900Cash Interest Paid ($930,000 × 7%)$65,100Amortization of Bond Discount ($27,900 ÷ 20 periods)$1,395(To record bond interest expense and bond discount amortization on December 31, 2020)Explanation: According to the problem, on June 30, 2020, Sanders Company issued $930,000 of 7% bonds at 103.
The bonds pay interest on June 30 and December 31 and mature in 10 years. The journal entry on December 31, 2020, should record the bond interest expense and the amortization of the bond discount or bond premium. On December 31, 2020, six months have passed since the issuance of bonds. The company has to record the bond interest expense for this period and amortize the bond discount for the same period. Bond interest expense = Carrying value of bonds × Effective interest rate Carrying value of bonds = Bonds Payable – Discount on Bonds Payable Carrying value of bonds = $930,000 – ($930,000 × 3%)Carrying value of bonds = $902,100Effective interest rate = 7% / 2 (as semi-annual payments)Effective interest rate = 3.5%Bond interest expense = $902,100 × 3.5%Bond interest expense = $31,571.50 (rounded off to the nearest dollar)Therefore, the company should record a bond interest expense of $31,571.50.Amortization of bond discount = Bond discount / Number of periods Bond discount = Bond issue price – Bond face value Bond discount = ($930,000 × 3%)Bond discount = $27,900Number of periods = 20 (as 10 years × 2 semi-annual periods)Amortization of bond discount = $27,900 / 20Amortization of bond discount = $1,395Therefore, the company should record an amortization of bond discount of $1,395.Journal Entry on December 31, 2020:Interest Expense = $31,571.50Discount on Bonds Payable = $27,900Cash Interest Paid = $65,100Amortization of Bond Discount = $1,395
To know more about Company visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/30532251
#SPJ11
what are some of the reasons that campaigns in california are expensive?
California is considered one of the most expensive states in the country when it comes to campaigning, with the cost of running for office increasing each year. There are several reasons that contribute to the high cost of campaigns in California, including High media costs:
In California, candidates must advertise on expensive television and radio stations, which are one of the main ways to reach a large number of voters. It is difficult to reach potential voters without using expensive media outlets.High population: California is the most populous state in the country, with over 39 million people. To reach as many voters as possible, candidates must conduct campaign events in various cities and towns throughout the state, which can be expensive.
Transportation: Campaigning in California requires candidates to travel long distances, and in a state as large as California, transportation costs can add up quickly. The candidates have to travel to various places and that costs a lot of money.High candidacy fees: In California, the candidacy fees are relatively high, and this excludes many candidates who cannot afford it. For example, the fee for running for governor is $3,916, and for U.S. Senator, it is $2,043. Candidates who are not able to pay these fees cannot be on the ballot and, therefore, cannot participate in the elections.
To know more about campaigning Visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32161257
#SPJ11
Choose a Dry Bulk, and:
(a) Describe the mail vessel characteristics and specifications of the vessel;
(b) Discuss the main trade routes and commodities carried with this vessel;
(c) Critically discuss the current market situation, including all the various
factors affecting your vessel’s segment, as well as latest earnings’
environment in both spot and T/C markets.
One of the dry bulk cargoes, that we can choose is iron ore. The current market situation of the iron ore includes various factors affecting both the spot and T/C markets. Iron ore is the most traded commodity and its major consumers are China, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union.
The iron ore prices are influenced by factors such as the demand for steel, the supply of iron ore, environmental policies, and weather patterns. In 2019, the iron ore market faced a supply crisis due to the failure of the Brumadinho Dam in Brazil, which caused the shutdown of iron ore mining operations. This led to the decline in the production of iron ore and eventually led to an increase in iron ore prices. China, being one of the largest importers of iron ore, also contributed to the rise in prices due to its demand for iron ore. With the increase in iron ore prices, there is a likelihood that the iron ore market may experience oversupply or price corrections if the demand for steel decreases in the future. Therefore, it is essential to keep an eye on the demand and supply of steel, iron ore, and the geopolitical environment to predict the future prices of iron ore.
Know more about dry bulk cargoes, here:
https://brainly.com/question/31925286
#SPJ11
George has $2,500 to invest in a mutual fund. The expected return on mutual fund A is 12% and the expected return on mutual fund B is 13%. Should George pick mutual fund A or B? a) He should pick mutual fund B because it has a higher expected return. b) If George is young, he should pick B because it has a higher expected return, regardless of risk. c) Since individuals are risk averse, he should pick A because its lower expected return implies lower risk. d) There is not enough information to make the determination because the decision also depends on the variability of the expected return and George's attitude toward risk.
The best way for an investor to invest in a mutual fund depends on several factors, including the expected return on investment and the investor's risk tolerance. Therefore, option (d) is the correct choice.
George possesses a sum of $2,500 that he intends to invest in a mutual fund.
The expected return on mutual fund A is 12%, while the expected return on mutual fund B is 13%.
The right choice for George will depend on his risk tolerance.
If George is risk-averse and prefers low-risk investments, he should select mutual fund A, which offers a lower expected return than mutual fund B.
On the other hand, if George is willing to take more risks in pursuit of higher returns, he should choose mutual fund B, which offers a higher expected return.
Thus, option (d) is the right answer.
The available information is insufficient to reach a definitive conclusion as the decision is influenced by additional factors, such as the variability of the expected return and George's risk preferences.
Learn more about mutual fund at: https://brainly.com/question/4521829
#SPJ11
what bundles of products and services are we offering to each segment?
In marketing, we often offer tailored bundles of products and services to cater to the unique needs and preferences of each segment.
What bundles are we offering to each segment?In order to meet the diverse demands of our customer base, we have carefully analyzed the characteristics and requirements of each segment and developed specific bundles that align with their expectations.
For example, for our tech-savvy customers who value convenience and connectivity, we offer bundles that combine high-speed internet, smart home devices and tech support service
For eco-conscious customers who prioritize sustainability, we provide bundles that include energy-efficient appliances, solar panels, and recycling services. By offering these targeted bundles, we ensure that our customers receive a comprehensive package that addresses their specific needs and enhances their overall experience with our products and services.
Read more about Customer need
brainly.com/question/15096946
#SPJ1
_________ determines what sales volume must be reached for a product before the company’s total is costs equal total revenue and no profits are earned.
The to the given is "break-even A break-even analysis is a technique that determines the level of sales are volume that is required to earn a net profit of zero. The point at which total revenue is equal to total costs is called the break-even point.
Break-even analysis is used by businesses to calculate the point at which they will be able to cover their costs. This analysis takes into account the costs of producing the product, including the cost of labor, raw materials, and are manufacturing, as well as the costs of selling the product, such as marketing and advertising expenses. It helps are the businesses to identify how much revenue they need to generate in order to cover all their costs the break-even point is defined as the point at which a company generates enough revenue to cover all of its fixed and variable costs.
This means that the company neither earns a profit nor incurs a loss at this point. The formula for break-even point is: Break-even point = Fixed Costs / (Unit Price - Variable Costs per Unit Fixed Costs The total of all costs that are fixed, regardless of how many units are sold. Unit Price: The selling price per unit. Variable Costs per Unit: The total cost per unit that varies based on the level of production. Break-even analysis is an important tool that businesses use to make decisions about pricing, production, and marketing. By knowing the break-even point, businesses can determine the minimum price at which they can sell their product, the level of production that is required to cover their costs, and the amount of money they need to spend on marketing and advertising to generate sales. It can help businesses to determine whether or not a particular product or service is profitable and can also be used to evaluate the financial performance of a company.
To know more about profit Visit;
https://brainly.com/question/32381738
#SPJ11
Visa and MasterCard have recently been accused of violating antitrust laws by improperly fixing credit and debit card fees (known as swipe fees) paid by retailers to use their services, creating an anti-competitive environment. Legislation that prohibits price-fixing is an example of _________ forces that affect the marketing environment. O economic O competitive O technological O social regulatory
The correct option in the given question is regulatory forces, and it relates to the legislation that prohibits price-fixing. The government has implemented antitrust laws to promote fair competition in the market, ensuring that companies compete fairly, which is essential to safeguarding consumer protection and maintaining market efficiency. This has a significant impact on the marketing environment and business operations as a whole.
VisaVisa and Mastercard have been accused of violating antitrust laws by improperly fixing credit and debit card fees (known as swipe fees) paid by retailers to use their services, creating an anti-competitive environment. Legislation that prohibits price-fixing is an example of regulatory forces that affect the marketing environment.
What are regulatory forces?
Regulatory forces are the influences that government enforces on a company's business. These forces can take the form of laws, rules, or other forms of regulation. It's worth noting that they can have an impact on virtually any aspect of a company's operations, from product safety and labeling to hiring and firing policies, as well as how businesses can interact with the market.
In this case, the legislation that prohibits price-fixing is an example of regulatory forces that affect the marketing environment.Antitrust laws, also known as competition laws, are enacted to regulate business activity and protect consumers by promoting fair competition in the market. This helps to prevent businesses from using their monopoly status to engage in anti-competitive behavior, such as price-fixing. Hence, it's crucial to monitor these forces and comply with them, as they have a significant impact on business operations, the market environment, and consumer protection.In summary, the correct option in the given question is regulatory forces, and it relates to the legislation that prohibits price-fixing.
The government has implemented antitrust laws to promote fair competition in the market, ensuring that companies compete fairly, which is essential to safeguarding consumer protection and maintaining market efficiency. This has a significant impact on the marketing environment and business operations as a whole.
To know more about MasterCard,
https://brainly.com/question/30401378
#SPJ11
Instructions: This part contains 16 analytical cases with 16 questions. You are required to answer all 16 questions. Each correct answer is worth 1 mark, totaling 16 marks. [Write only the TERM, Explanation is NOT required] 1 Point Question 21 The Deputy Chief Executive (DCE) leadership behavior is described as "friendly and approachable, help employees with personal problems, develops a supportive and friendly work environment, and is high concerned about subordinates' comfort, well-being, and satisfaction". Use 'Ohio Leadership Studies' to specify DCE's leadership behavior. [Explanation is not required]
The Ohio Leadership Studies is a research initiative that delved into the leadership qualities and behaviors of high-performance managers and supervisors. The goal of this study was to investigate how these leaders exhibited specific behaviors and attributes that enabled them to effectively manage their subordinates and achieve organizational objectives.
The DCE’s leadership behavior is described as being "friendly and approachable, helping employees with personal problems, developing a supportive and friendly work environment, and being highly concerned about subordinates' comfort, well-being, and satisfaction."
This leadership style is characterized as employee-oriented, which places a premium on maintaining positive relationships with subordinates and supporting their needs.
Leaders who exhibit this leadership behavior are typically empathetic, supportive, and focused on enhancing the work experience of their subordinates.
Ohio Leadership Studies found that employee-oriented leaders exhibited specific behaviors such as facilitating communication, providing feedback, recognizing and rewarding employees, delegating authority, supporting training and development, and coaching.
These behaviors were found to be essential to building trust and rapport with subordinates and creating a positive work environment that fostered employee motivation, satisfaction, and commitment.
To know more about subordinates refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/3368897#
#SPJ11
Leader narcissism has been shown to be associated with: • more satisfied employees. • more stressed employees. • more loyal employees. • more productive employees.
Leader narcissism has been shown to be associated with more stressed employees. Leader narcissism has negative effects on employees and the overall workplace.
Narcissism is a personality disorder that causes people to have a strong desire for attention and admiration, as well as an inflated sense of their own importance and abilities. Narcissistic leaders tend to prioritize their own needs and interests over those of their employees, which can lead to negative outcomes for the workplace and its employees. They often micromanage employees, which can lead to feelings of stress, anxiety, and burnout.
Additionally, narcissistic leaders may take credit for their employees' work, which can lead to feelings of frustration and decreased motivation. Finally, narcissistic leaders may engage in unethical behavior, which can damage the reputation of the workplace and erode employee trust. Therefore, leader narcissism has been shown to be associated with more stressed employees.
Learn more about workplace here:
https://brainly.com/question/19965171
#SPJ11
• To whom does the FCPA apply?
The FCPA applies to the following persons or organizations in the United States and around the world.
1. Domestic concerns- The FCPA applies to every U.S. citizen and permanent resident. It also applies to any company that has its headquarters in the United States or conducts some of its business there.
2. Companies listed on US securities exchanges- The FCPA applies to any foreign company that is publicly traded on US exchanges or that files periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
3. International concerns- any corporation or person who acts as an agent, employee, officer, director, or shareholder of a domestic concern may be held liable for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations that occur outside of the United States. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a law that regulates bribery of foreign officials by US companies and citizens. Its main purpose is to prevent corruption in international business transactions.
Learn more about FCPA
https://brainly.com/question/26495697
#SPJ11
HE Question 6 of 30 -/5 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Swifty Corporation is starting business and is unsure of whether to sell its product assembled or unassembled. The unit cost of the unassembled product is $60 and Swity Corporation would sell it for $135. The cost to assemble the product is estimated at $22 per unit and Switty Corporation believes the market would support a price of $167 on the assembled unit. What is the correct decision using the sell or process further deckion rule! Sell before assembly the company will be better off by 532 per unit) Process further the company will be better off by $10 per unit Sell before assembly, the company will be better off by $22 per unit Process further, the company will be better off by $32 per unit
The correct decision using the sell or process further decision rule in this scenario would be to "Process further, the company will be better off by $32 per unit."
Explanation: The sell or process further decision rule is a method that helps management make decisions about the production of goods when a firm has limited resources.The decision rule states that a product should be processed further if the additional revenues earned exceed the additional processing costs incurred. If the processing cost exceeds the incremental revenues earned, then the product should be sold without further processing. In this question, Swifty Corporation has to decide whether to sell its product assembled or unassembled. The unit cost of the unassembled product is $60, and it will be sold for $135. If Swifty Corporation sells the product without assembling, the profit earned per unit will be:Profit per unit = Selling price per unit - Unit cost= $135 - $60= $75If Swifty Corporation decides to process further by assembling the product, the cost of assembling the product is estimated to be $22 per unit, and the product will be sold for $167 per unit.
The profit earned per unit will be:Profit per unit = Selling price per unit - Unit cost - Processing cost= $167 - $60 - $22= $85Hence, by processing further, the company will be better off by $85 - $60 = $25 per unit.However, the question asks what would be the correct decision if the market supports the selling price of $167 on the assembled unit. If we compare the profit earned by selling the product unassembled versus assembling the product, the difference would be:$75 - $60 = $15 (by selling before assembly) and$85 - $60 - $22 = $3 (by processing further)Therefore, by selling before assembly, the company will be better off by $15 - $3 = $12 per unit. Thus, the Swifty Corporation should go for the decision to Process further, the company will be better off by $32 per unit.
To know more about Corporation visit:
brainly.com/question/30029715
#SPJ11
Is the end of the cold war proving to be good for world peace, but not so good for world business?
The end of the Cold War has been a significant event that has impacted both world peace and world business. During the Cold War, there was an increase in international tensions that resulted in arms races, proxy wars, and nuclear proliferation.
With the end of the Cold War, there has been a reduction in these tensions, which has been beneficial for world peace. However, the end of the Cold War has not been as beneficial for world business.What were the impacts of the end of the Cold War on world peace and world business?The end of the Cold War has been good for world peace because it has reduced tensions between the major powers, which has reduced the risk of conflict. This has also made it easier for countries to cooperate on a range of issues, including trade, environmental protection, and human rights.
The end of the Cold War has also led to the development of new institutions and norms that promote cooperation and peaceful resolution of conflicts.However, the end of the Cold War has not been as good for world business. During the Cold War, the major powers had an interest in maintaining the stability of the global economy. This led to a period of economic growth and prosperity that was good for business. However, with the end of the Cold War, this interest in maintaining economic stability has diminished. As a result, there has been an increase in economic volatility and instability. This has made it more difficult for businesses to plan for the future and to invest in new projects. Overall, while the end of the Cold War has been good for world peace, it has been less beneficial for world business.
To know more about Cold War visit :
https://brainly.com/question/12698715
#SPJ11
