Can the pH scale be utilized for all acids (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowery, and Lewis)? Give examples of substances from each definition category that can/cannot use the pH scale and explain your reasoning.

Explanation:

it's one mole because the atomic mass is treated as molar mass and the atomic mass of strontium is 87.62 grams/mol

Answer:

Boiling point of the solution is 82.3°C

Explanation:

Boiling point elevation is defined as the increasing of a boiling point of a substance by the addition of a solute. The formula is:

ΔT = K×m×i

Where ΔT is change in temperature (Final T - 80.1°C), K is boiling point elevation constant (2.53°C/m), m is molality of the solution (moles of naphthalene / kg of benzene) and i is Van't Hoff factor (1 for Naphthalene)

Moles of 70.6g of naphthalene are:

70.6g × (1mol / 128.16g) = 0.5509 moles

Kg of 722mL of benzene are:

722mL × (0.877g / mL) × (1kg / 1000g) = 0.633kg of benzene

Replacing in boiling point elevation formula:

(T - 80.1°C) = 2.53°C/m×(0.5509mol / 0.633kg)×1

T - 80.1°C = 2.2°C

T = 80.1°C + 2.2°C

T = 82.3°C

The boiling point of the solution is 82.21°C.

Number of moles of solute = 70.6 g/128.16 g/mol = 0.55 moles

Mass of solvent= density of solvent× volume of solvent

= 722 mL × 0.877 g/mL = 633.2 g or 0.6332 Kg

Molality of the solution = 0.55 moles/0.6332 Kg = 0.869 m

We know that;

ΔT = K m i

ΔT = Boiling point depression

K = Boiling point constant

m = molality of solution

i = Van't Hoff factor

ΔT =  2.53°C/m × 0.869 m × 1

ΔT = 2.2°C

Recall that;

ΔT = Boiling point of solution-  Boiling point of pure solvent

Boiling point of solution = Boiling point of pure solvent + ΔT

Boiling point of solution =  80.1°C + 2.2°C

Boiling point of solution = 82.21°C

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Answer: See below

Explanation:

To balance equations, you want to have the same amount of elements on the product and reactants side.

__Al+ __HCl→__AlCl₃+ __H₂

We see that there are 3 Cl on the products side and 1 on the reactants side, but there are 2 H on the product and 1 on reactant. To fulfill them both, let's put a 6 at HCl.

__Al+ 6HCl→__AlCl₃+ __H₂

Now that we have a 6 at HCl, we can fill in AlCl₃ and H₂.

__Al+ 6HCl→ 2AlCl₃+ 3H₂

All we have left is to fill in Al.

2Al+ 6HCl→ 2AlCl₃+ 3H₂

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

__NaCl→ __Na+ __Cl₂

Since we have 2 Cl on the products, we must put 2 on the reactants.

2NaCl→ __Na+ 1Cl₂

With 2 NaCl, we can fill in Na.

2NaCl→ 2Na+ 1Cl₂

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

__Na₂S+ __HCl→ __NaCl+ __H₂S

We see 2 Na on reactants, so we can put 2 on the products.

__Na₂S+ __HCl→ 2NaCl+ __H₂S

With 2 H and 2 Cl on the products, we can put a 2 at HCl.

1Na₂S+ 2HCl→ 2NaCl+ 1H₂S

Answer:

pOH = -log[OH-]

Explanation:

Hello,

To calculate the pH or pOH of a substance, we relate it the negative logarithm of either the H+ or OH- concentration.

pOH is used to find the alkalinity of a solution my measuring the concentration of the hydroxide ion [OH-]. Solutions having a pOH value that is greater than 7 are said to be acidic while solutions with value less than 7 are alkaline.

pH = -log[H+]

While

pOH = -log[OH-]

Note: the pOH value of a solution depends on the concentration of the hydroxide ion in the solution.

Answer:

C = 4.60x10⁻⁵ M

Explanation:

The concentration of the compound can be calculated using Beer-Lambert Law:

[tex]A = \epsilon*C*l[/tex]

Where:

A: is the absorbance of the ethanol = 0.58  

ε: is the molar absorptivity of the ethanol = 12600 M⁻¹cm⁻¹

C: is the concentration of the compound =?

l: is the optical path length = 1 cm

Hence, the concentration of the compound is:

[tex]C = \frac{A}{\epsilon*l} = \frac{0.58}{12600 M^{-1}cm^{-1}*1 cm} = 4.60 \cdot 10^{-5} M[/tex]

Therefore, the concentration of the compound is 4.60x10⁻⁵ M.

I hope it helps you!

Answer:

4>3>1>2.

That is, the C-C bond length in ethane > benzene > ethene > ethyne.

Explanation:

The C-C bond in ethane is single, the C-C bond in ethene is double and the C-C bond in ethyne is triple. As the number of bonds between a C-C increases, the length of the bond decreases with an increase in strength. This explains why the C-C bond length in ethane > ethene > ethyne. For benzene, all the C-C bonds in the aromatic compound has been found to have an identical length of 1.40 Å, compared to ethane (1.54Å), ethene (1.34Å) and ethyne (1.20Å). Hence the trend in bond lengths: ethane > benzene > ethene > ethyne.

Answer:

Collision theory states that the rate constant for a chemical reaction is composed

of three factors, (1) the absolute number of collisions, Z, between molecules; (2) The

fraction of collisions, f, with an energy greater than the activation energy; and (3) the

fraction of molecules, p, in which the molecules are in the correct orientation to react.

k = Zfp Equation 1

The absolute number of collisions, Z, increases with temperature. However, it has

been shown that at 25o

C, the increase in the number of collisions accompanying a 10o

C

increase in temperature accounts for only about 2% of the increase in the reaction rate.

Similarly, while it is important that molecules be in the proper orientation to react when

they collide, molecular orientation is independent of temperature. Thus it follows that the

major factor controlling reaction rates is the fraction, f, of molecules in the reaction

mixture with an energy greater than the activation energy. This factor, f, depends on the

absolute temperature. It has been shown that f is related to Ea by the following equation

Explanation:

Answer: A. enables equilibrium to be reached more quickly..

Explanation:

The catalyst can be define as an important ingredient may be a protein in the form of enzyme that is used to speed up the rate of the chemical reaction. The catalyst cause a transformational change in the substrate to produce product. The catalyst do not get consumed in the reaction. In the availability of the catalyst, the forward and reverse rates of the reactions will speed up this will allow the equilibrium to reach faster.

Answer:

An expression for the combined total dollar amount he earned this month is $(7x + 14y) where x + y = 103.

Explanation:

Let the no. of hours worked as tutor be x

Earning as tutor in 1 hour = $7

Earning as tutor in x hour = $7*x = $7x

Let the no. of hours worked as waiter be y

Earning as waiter in 1 hour = $14

Earning as waiter in y hour = $14*y = $14y

Given that total hours worked in the month = 103 hours

therefore, x + y = 103 ----> (1)

Total amount earned in the month = Earning as tutor in x hour + Earning as waiter in y hour = $(7x + 14y)

An expression for the combined total dollar amount he earned this month is $(7x + 14y) where x + y = 103.

Answer:

The reaction of FeBr3/Br2 with benzaldehyde will yield a major product in which the -Br is attached to the benzaldehyde at the meta position.

Explanation:

In chemistry, resonance is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or ions by the combination of several contributing structures into a resonance hybrid in valence bond theory. Resonance structures often explain the formation of certain major and minor products in organic chemistry reactions.

Aromatic aldehydes and ketones undergo electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration, sulphonation and halogenation. Since the aldehydic group (-CHO) and ketonic group (-COR or -COAr) are electron-withdrawing, they are deactivating and m-directing.

In benzaldehyde, the ring becomes deactivated at ortho & para positions due to an electron withdrawing aldehyde group. Hence electrophilic substitution is favored at Meta position.

This implies that the reaction of FeBr3/Br2 with benzaldehyde will yield a major product in which the -Br is attached to the benzaldehyde at the meta position.

Answer:

Scientific notation is a system in which quantities are too big or too tiny to compose in decimal form.

Key words:

1: Scientific

2: Quantities

3: Decimal

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Hope this helps.

Answer:

The reaction mentioned in the question is:  

CO (g) + Cl₂ (g) ⇔ COCl₂ (g), the equilibrium constant or Kc will be 77.5 at 600 K. In the given mixture, the moles of CO given is 4.24 × 10⁻² moles, the moles of Cl₂ given is 4.48 × 10⁻² moles, and the moles of COCl₂ given is 0.114 moles. The volume of the container is 1.00 L.  

The concentration or Molarity can be determined by using the formula, concentration (M) = mole/volume (L),  

The molarity of CO = 4.24 × 10⁻² moles / 1.00 L = 4.24 × 10⁻² M

The molarity of Cl₂ = 4.48 × 10⁻² moles / 1.00 L = 4.48 10⁻² M

The molarity of COCl₂ = 0.114 moles / 1.00 L = 0.114 M

The reaction quotient or Qc,  

Qc = [COCl2]/[CO][Cl2]  

Qc = 0.114 / 4.24 × 10⁻² × 4.48 × 10⁻²

Qc = 60.03

Thus, Qc is less than Kc. Hence, the reaction will proceed in forward direction so that equilibrium can be attained, that is, until Qc becomes equal to Kc.  

Therefore, the product (COCl₂) will be produced, and the reactants CO and Cl₂ will get consumed.  

1. The given statement is true.  

2. The given statement is true.  

3. The given statement is false. In order to reach equilibrium, the reactants must be consumed.  

4. The given statement is true.  

5. The given statement is false, that is Qc is not equal to Kc.  

Answer:24 kilometers

Explanation:Density divided by time

Answer:

1.5x10¯⁴Kg

Explanation:

Data obtained from the question include the following:

Volume = 0.1642mL = 0.1642cm³

Density = 0.917g/cm³

Mass =.?

The Density of a substance is simply defined as the mass per unit volume of the substance. Mathematically, it is represented as:

Density = Mass /volume

With the above formula, we can calculate the mass of the ice as follow:

0.917 = Mass / 0.1642

Cross multiply

Mass = 0.917 x 0.1642

Mass = 0.151g

Finally, we shall convert 0.1506g to kg. This is illustrated below:

1000g = 1k

Therefore, 0.151g = 0.151/1000 = 1.5x10¯⁴Kg

Answer:

1.77 atm

Explanation:

We have to check the values that gives the problem:

V= 70 L

mass =354.5 g

Molas weight= 70.9 g/mol

T=30 ºC

P= ?

We can find the moles of chlorine if we use the molar weight:

[tex]354.5g~\frac{1~mol}{70.9~g}[/tex]

[tex]5~mol[/tex]

Now, we have the moles, volume, temperature therefore we can use the ideal gas equation:

[tex]P*V=n*R*T[/tex]

We know the R value:

[tex]0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}[/tex]

We have “K” units for the temperature, so we need to do the conversion:

[tex]30+273.15=303.15~K[/tex]

With all the data we can plug the values into the equation:

[tex]P*70L=5mol*303.15K*0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K} [/tex]

[tex]P=\frac{5mol*303.15K*0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}}{70L}[/tex]

[tex]P=1.77~atm [/tex]

I hope it helps!

Answer:

Part A is just T2 = 58.3 K

Part B ∆U = 10967.6 x C[tex]_{V}[/tex] You can work out C[tex]_{V}[/tex]

Part C

Part D

Part E

Part F

Explanation:

P = n (RT/V)

V = (nR/P) T

P1V1 = P2V2

P1/T1 = P2/T2

V1/T1 = V2/T2

P = Pressure(atm)

n = Moles

T = Temperature(K)

V = Volume(L)

R = 8.314 Joule or 0.08206 L·atm·mol−1·K−1.

bar = 0.986923 atm

N = 14g/mol

N2 Molar Mass 28g

n = 3.5 mol N2

T1 = 350K

P1 = 1.5 bar = 1.4803845 atm

P2 = 0.25 bar = 0.24673075 atm

Heat Capacity at Constant Volume

Q = nCVΔT

Polyatomic gas: CV = 3R

P = n (RT/V)

0.986923 atm x 1.5 = 3.5 mol x ((0.08206 L atm mol -1 K-1 x 350 K) / V))

V = (nR/P) T

V = ((3.5 mol x 0.08206 L atm mol -1 K-1)/(1.5 x 0.986923 atm) )x 350K

V = (0.28721/1.4803845) x 350

V = 0.194 x 350

V = 67.9036 L

So V1 = 67.9036 L

P1V1 = P2V2

1.4803845 atm x 67.9036 L = 0.24673075 x V2

100.52343693 = 0.24673075 x V2

V2 = P1V1/P2

V2 = 100.52343693/0.24673075

V2 = 407.4216 L

P1/T1 = P2/T2

1.4803845 atm / 350 K = 0.24673075 atm / T2

0.00422967 = 0.24673075 /T2

T2 = 0.24673075/0.00422967

T2 = 58.3 K

∆U= nC[tex]_{V}[/tex] ∆T

Polyatomic gas: C[tex]_{V}[/tex] = 3R

∆U= nC[tex]_{V}[/tex] ∆T

∆U= 28g x C[tex]_{V}[/tex] x (350K - 58.3K)

∆U = 28C[tex]_{V}[/tex] x 291.7

∆U = 10967.6 x C[tex]_{V}[/tex]

Explanation:

a) E = P × t

E = 750 × 1 s = 750 J

b) E = P × t

E = 750 × 3s = 2250 J

c) E = P × t

1500 = 750 × t

t = 1500/750

t = 2 s

Answer:

a network of buoys.

Explanation:

It is operated by noaa. The buoys transmit some of the data on a daily basis to NOAA through a satellite in space.

Answer:

= 4 * 10-8    = 400 Angstrom

Explanation:

EF = 5 eV, K = 4.29 x 102 J/(s m K), and Cvel = 1% of the lattice heat capacity

K= 1/3 (Cv)*v*l

v is fermi velocity which is equal to [tex]v = (2E_f/m)^{0.5}[/tex]

after putting mass of electron as [tex]9.1 * 10^{-31}kg[/tex] and [tex]E_f = 5 eV[/tex] we get [tex]v= 1.33 * 10^6 m/s[/tex]

[tex]C_v[/tex] is 1% of lattice heat capacity

Heat Capacity of Aluminium is [tex]0.897 J g^{-1}K^-1[/tex]

Density = [tex]2.6989 g \ cm^{-3}[/tex]

For  lattice heat capacity you need to use the heat capacity for alimunium given  and then multiply with density to get per unit volume term

Heat Capacity per unit volume =   [tex]0.897 J g^{-1}K^-1[/tex] * [tex]2.6989 g \ cm^{-3}[/tex]

[tex]= 2.42 J K^{-1} cm^{-3} \\\\= 2.42* 10^6 J K^{-1} m^{-3}[/tex]

Cv = 1% of heat capacity per unit volume

[tex]=0.01 * 2.42* 10^8 J K^{-1} m^{-3} \\\\= 2.42* 10^4 J K^{-1} m^{-3}[/tex]

Putting values in this equation K= 1/3 (Cv)*v*l

[tex]l = 3K/(C_v * v )\\\\ = 3 * 4.29 * 10^2 / (2.42* 10^4 * 1.33 * 10^6 )[/tex]

[tex]= 4 * 10^{-8 }[/tex]

  = 400 Angstrom

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer: His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.

Explanation:

As the pH is given as 7.4 and pK of His is given as 6.00. There will occur a positive charge on His when it's pH < pK therefore, it is neutral at the given pH.

As the pK value of Lys is 10.53 that is greater than the pH of 7.40. Therefore, charge on Lys is positive.

As the pK value of Asp is 3.65 which is less than the pH value of 7.40. Hence, Asp has a negative charge.

Therefore, we can conclude that His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.

Answer:

0.00316

Explanation:

You have to use the following equation:

[tex]pH=-log[H^+][/tex]

You are given the pH and need to find the concentration of H+.  Plug in the given components and solve.

[tex]2.5=-log[H^+]\\H^+ = 10^{-2.5}\\H^+=0.00316[/tex]

The concentration of H is 0.00316.

Answer:

H20; exothermic

Explanation:

A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical potential energy (energy stored in molecular bonds) into electrical energy. A PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) cell uses hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) as fuel. The products of the reaction in the cell are water, electricity, and heat.

Answer:

OH−(aq), and H+(aq)

Explanation:

Redox reactions may occur in acidic or basic environments. Usually, if a reaction occurs in an acidic environment, hydrogen ions are shown as being part of the reaction system. For instance, in the reduction of the permanganate ion;

MnO4^-(aq) + 8H^+(aq) +5e-------> Mn^2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

The appearance of hydrogen ion in the reaction equation implies that the process takes place under acidic reaction conditions.

For reactions that take place under basic conditions, the hydroxide ion is part of the reaction equation.

Hence hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion are included in redox reaction half equations depending on the conditions of the reaction whether acidic or basic.

Answer: The right conjugate of [tex]OH^-[/tex] is [tex]H_2O[/tex]

Explanation:

According to the Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base theory, an acid is defined as a substance which looses donates protons and thus forming conjugate base and a base is defined as a substance which accepts protons and thus forming conjugate acid.

For the given chemical equation:

[tex]OH^-(aq)+HCO_3^-(aq)\rightleftharpoons H_2O(l)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)[/tex]

Here, [tex]OH^-[/tex] is gaining a proton, thus it is considered as a brønsted-lowry base and after gaining a proton, it forms [tex]H_2O[/tex] which is a conjugate acid.

Thus the right conjugate of [tex]OH^-[/tex] is [tex]H_2O[/tex]

Explanation:

faster and the substance will be a gas.

According to the forces of attraction and principles of phase change the substance molecules will move faster and the substance will be a gas.

Forces of attraction  is a force by which atoms in a molecule  combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature.  It can act between an ion  and an atom as well.It varies for different states  of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.

The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as  the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.

The physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density  are all dependent on forces of attraction which exists in the substances.

Learn more about forces of attraction,here:

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Answer: Water must be present for this reaction to occur.

Explanation:

Decomposition reactions require breaking of bonds which require energy and thus all of the decomposition reactions are endothermic reactions.

The salts which are soluble in water are designated by symbol (aq) and those which are insoluble in water and remain in solid form are represented by (s) whereas liquids are represented by (l) and gases are represented by (g) after their chemical formulas.

The balanced chemical reaction of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] decomposition is:

[tex]CaCO_3(s)\rightarrow CaO(s)+CO_2(g)[/tex]

The decomposition of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] requires heat and leads to formation of CaO as solid and [tex]CO_2[/tex] as product.

Thus the the statement that is not true is Water must be present for this reaction to occur.

The question is incomplete; the complete question is;

Which of the following statements is/are true for a 0.10 M solution of a weak acid HA?

a. [ H+] >> [ A−]

b. [ H+] = [ A−]

c. The pH is 1.00.

d. The pH is less than 1.00.

Answer:

b. [ H+] = [ A−]

Explanation:

Given the acid as HA, we know that being a weak acid, its dissociation in water can never be 100%. If it were a strong acid, then it could have undergone a 100% dissociation in solution. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a always a weak base hence A^- is expected to act as a weak base. At the same concentration, weak acids have a higher pH value than strong acids. Hence if the pH of a strong acid HA is 1, then the pH of a weak acid HA must be greater than 1.

But, we look at the equation for the dissociation of the weak acid HA

HA(aq)⇄H^-(aq) + A^-(aq). This implies that the HA dissociates in a 1:1 ratio therefore; [H+] = [ A−], hence the answer given above.

Answer:

The correct answer is 27.22 mg.

Explanation:

Based on the given information, the temperature of the water given is 22.4 degree C or 22.4 + 273 = 295.4 K

The volume of the gathered hydrogen is 37.1 ml or 0.0371 L

The pressure mentioned in the lab room is 29.18 in Hg or 29.18 × 2.54 = 74.1172 cm Hg.

18.4 cm is the difference given in the water level between the burette and the beaker, so the pressure is,

74.1172 cm - 18.4 cm = 55.7172 cm Hg or 557.172 mmHg

760 mmHg is equal to 1 atm, therefore, 557.172 mmHg will be equal to,

557.172 mm Hg / 760 mm Hg × 1 atm = 0.733 atm

The moles of hydrogen gas can be calculated by using the ideal gas equation, that is, PV = nRT

n = PV / RT

Putting the values we get,

n = 0.733 atm × 0.0371 L / 0.0821 atm L mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ × 295.4 K

n = 0.00112 mol

Let us consider the equation,

2 HCl + Mg ⇒ H₂ + MgCl₂

By seeing the reaction it is clear that for the generation of 1 mole of hydrogen gas, 1 mole of magnesium is needed.

The moles of magnesium is 0.00112 moles and the molecular mass of magnesium is 24.305 gram per mol

The mass of magnesium ribbon can be determined by using the formula, mass = mole × molecular mass

mass = 0.00112 mole × 24.305 g/mol

mass = 0.02722 grams or 27.22 mg.