The underlying price is $2300. The call option gives the right to buy the underlying stock at an exercise price of $2000.
By purchasing a call option with an exercise price of $2000, Mrs. Sarah secures the right to buy the underlying stock at that price, regardless of its actual market value in April 2022. This provides her with protection against a potential price increase. However, it's important to note that she paid a premium of $3200 to acquire the call option.
If the price of the underlying stock in April 2022 is below the exercise price of $2000, Mrs. Sarah can choose not to exercise the option and simply let it expire. In this case, her loss would be limited to the premium she paid for the option.
On the other hand, if the price of the underlying stock in April 2022 exceeds $2000, Mrs. Sarah can exercise her option and buy 500 shares at the exercise price of $2000. She can then potentially sell those shares at the higher market price, profiting from the price difference.
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Good Airline has a need for about 100 new flight attendants per month as replacements for those who leave. Trainees are put through a two-month school. The fixed cost of running one session of this school is $150,000. Any number of sessions can be run during the year, but must be scheduled so that the airline always has enough flight attendants. The cost of having excess attendants is simply the salary that they receive, which is $15,000 per month.
(a) How many sessions of the school should Ace Airline run each year, and how many flight attendants should be in each session?
(b) On any given day, how many trainees do you expect to find in school? Does that depend on the class size?
(c) We have implicitly assumed that Ace Airline starts paying the salary of $15,000 per month only at the end of the two-month school. Such a practice drew significant complaints from the trainees. Ace decided to change its practice and pay the trainees during the training session as well. How would the new policy change Ace's class size?
a. Ace Airline should run 600 sessions of the school each year, with 2 flight attendants in each session. b. there would be an expected average of 4 trainees in school. c. with the new policy, trainees would receive a salary during the training session.
(a) To determine how many sessions of the school Ace Airline should run each year and how many flight attendants should be in each session, we need to consider the replacement rate and the associated costs.
Ace Airline needs about 100 new flight attendants per month as replacements. Since the school is a two-month program, each session would provide the replacements for two months. Thus, the number of sessions required per year would be:
Number of sessions per year = (Number of replacements per year) / (Flight attendants per session) = (100 replacements/month * 12 months) / (2 months/session) = 600 sessions per year
Next, we need to determine the flight attendants per session. Let's denote this as "x." The total number of flight attendants required per year would be equal to the replacements needed:
Number of replacements per year = (Flight attendants per session) * (Number of sessions per year)
100 replacements/month * 12 months = x * 600 sessions/year
1,200 replacements/year = 600x
Solving for "x," we find that the flight attendants per session should be:
x = 1,200 replacements/year / 600 sessions/year = 2 flight attendants/session
Therefore, Ace Airline should run 600 sessions of the school each year, with 2 flight attendants in each session.
(b) On any given day, the number of trainees expected in school does depend on the class size. Since the school is a two-month program, the total number of trainees in school would vary depending on the duration of each session and the class size.
If each session has 2 flight attendants, and the school lasts for two months, then the number of trainees in school on any given day would be:
Number of trainees in school = (Flight attendants per session) * (Duration of the school in months)
= 2 flight attendants/session * 2 months
= 4 trainees
Thus, on any given day, there would be an expected average of 4 trainees in school.
(c) If Ace Airline changes its policy and starts paying the trainees during the training session as well, it would likely impact the class size. Previously, trainees were not paid until the end of the two-month school. However, with the new policy, trainees would receive a salary during the training session.
This change in policy could lead to an increase in the number of individuals interested in attending the school. The prospect of receiving a salary during the training period could make the program more attractive to potential trainees. As a result, Ace Airline may need to adjust the class size to accommodate the increased demand and ensure that they have enough resources to cover the additional costs associated with paying trainees during the training session. The specific adjustment to the class size would depend on various factors such as market demand, financial considerations, and operational capacity.
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estion 5 Other things being equal, the price and yield on a bond are inversely related O not related O positively related sometimes positively and sometimes inversely related 1 pts
Other things being equal, the price and yield on a bond are A. inversely related .
How are bond price and yield related ?Price and yield have an inverse relationship in bond markets. When the price of a bond increases, its yield decreases, and vice versa.
The reason for this inverse relationship is based on the concept of yield-to-maturity (YTM). YTM represents the total return an investor can expect to earn from a bond if held until maturity. When the price of a bond goes up, the fixed interest payments it offers become a smaller percentage of the new higher price, resulting in a lower yield.
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when the apc is greater than 1, the aps must be
A) Equal to 1.
B) Greater than 1 also.
C) Between 0 and 1.
D) Negative.
When the average propensity to consume (APC) is greater than 1, it implies that individuals are spending more than their income. Option(B)
This suggests that they are either borrowing money or using their existing savings to finance their consumption. As the sum of APC and the average propensity to save (APS) must always be equal to 1, a greater APC necessitates a negative APS.
The negative APS indicates that individuals are depleting their savings or accumulating debt to support their consumption habits. In summary, when the APC is greater than 1, the APS must be negative as individuals are spending beyond their current income levels.
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Which is the fund that accounts for the 90% of investments company Assets? A) Hedge fund B) Money market funds C) Mutual funds D none of the above
Answer:
The correct option is D. None of the above
Explanation:
The specific fund that holds the majority of an investment company's assets can vary depending on the company's investment strategy, portfolio composition, and individual circumstances. Investment companies may have different types of funds, such as mutual funds, hedge funds, money market funds, index funds, or others, and the allocation of assets among these funds can differ significantly.
To determine the fund that accounts for the majority of an investment company's assets, you would need to refer to the specific financial statements or disclosures provided by the company. These documents typically include information on the composition and allocation of assets among various funds within the investment company.
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Zhen Yi Computers has an outstanding issue of bond with a par value of RM1,000, paying 12 percent coupon rate semi-annually. The bond was issued 25 years ago and has 5 years to maturity.
Required:
What is the value of the bond assuming 14 percent rate of interest?
What is the current yield?
O'Brien Ltd.'s outstanding bonds have a RM1,000 par value, and they mature in 25 years. Their nominal annual, not semi-annual yield to maturity is 9.25%, they pay interest semi-annually, and they sell at a price of RM1,075. What is the bond's nominal coupon interest rate?
When the bond was issued 25 years ago and has 5 years to maturity, the nominal coupon interest rate of the bond is approximately 9.24%.
Value of the bond assuming 14 percent rate of interest
In order to find the value of the bond assuming a 14% rate of interest, we can use the present value formula.
Present Value = (Coupon Payment * PVIFA) + (Par Value * PVIF) Where,
Coupon Payment = (12/2)% * 1000
= RM60 PVIFA = (1 - (1 / (1 + r)^n)) / rPVIF
= 1 / (1 + r)^nHere,r = 14%/2
= 7% (semi-annual rate)
n = 5 * 2
= 10 (semi-annual periods)
Putting values into the formula,
PVIFA = (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.07)^10)) / 0.07
= 6.0182
PVIF = 1 / (1 + 0.07)^10
= 0.5089
Present Value = (60 * 6.0182) + (1000 * 0.5089)≈ RM726.19
Therefore, the value of the bond assuming a 14% rate of interest is approximately RM726.19.2.
The current yield can be calculated using the formula:
Current Yield = Annual Coupon Payment / Current Market Price
= (12/2)% * 1000 / 726.19≈ 0.165 or 16.5%
Therefore, the current yield is approximately 16.5%.3.
Nominal coupon interest rate
We can use the present value formula to find the nominal coupon interest rate of the bond.
Present Value = (Coupon Payment * PVIFA) + (Par Value * PVIF)
PVIFA = (1 - (1 / (1 + r)^n)) / rPVIF
= 1 / (1 + r)^n
Here,PV = 1075
Coupon Payment = CPar Value = FVN = 25 (years)
r = 9.25%/2 = 4.625% (semi-annual rate)
Substituting the values,
PV = (C/2 * PVIFA) + (FV/(1 + r)^n)1075
= (C/2 * 14.4045) + (1000/(1 + 0.04625)^50)
Solving the equation, we get
C = RM92.44
Nominal coupon interest rate = (92.44/1000) * 100%≈ 9.24%
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Explain and discuss the intuition of how Black, Scholes and Merton derived the value of an European call option using stochastic processes (1 do not expect a derivation, but rather an intuitive explanation for what they did, and why).
The Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model is a widely used mathematical model for option pricing. The model derives the value of an option by using stochastic processes to model the underlying asset's price dynamics.
The BSM model is based on the intuition that the price of an option is determined by the underlying asset's price, the option's strike price, the time until expiration, and the risk-free interest rate. The key insight that Black, Scholes, and Merton had was that it is possible to create a hedged portfolio that has the same risk profile as the option being priced.
This hedged portfolio consists of a combination of the underlying asset and the risk-free asset. By adjusting the weights of these assets, it is possible to create a portfolio that has a delta of 1, meaning that the portfolio's value will move in lockstep with the option's value.
Using this insight, Black, Scholes, and Merton were able to derive a partial differential equation (PDE) that describes the evolution of the option's price over time. This PDE is known as the Black-Scholes-Merton equation
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NPV Simes Innovations, Inc., is negotiating to purchase exclusive rights to manufacture and market a solar-powered toy car. The car's inventor has offered Simes the choice of either a one-time payment of $2,400,000 today or a series of 8 year-end payments of $385,000. a. If Simes has a cost of capital of 12%, which form of payment should it choose? b. What yearly payment would make the two offers identical in value at a cost of capital of 12%? c. What would be your answer to part a of this problem if the yearly payments were made at the beginning of each year? d. The cash inflows associated with this purchase are projected to amount to $250,250 per year for 15 years. Will this factor change the firm's decision about how to fund the initital investment?
a. To determine which form of payment Simes should choose, we need to calculate the present value of both options and compare them.
Option 1: One-time payment of $2,400,000 today.
PV1 = $2,400,000
Option 2: Series of 8 year-end payments of $385,000.
PV2 = $385,000 / (1 + 0.12) + $385,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2 + ... + $385,000 / (1 + 0.12)^8
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we can calculate the present value of Option 2:
PV2 ≈ $2,305,759.77
Since PV2 is less than PV1, Simes should choose the series of 8 year-end payments of $385,000.
b. To make the two offers identical in value, we need to find the equivalent yearly payment for Option 2.
PV2 = Yearly Payment * [(1 - (1 + 0.12)^(-8)) / 0.12]
$2,305,759.77 = Yearly Payment * [(1 - (1 + 0.12)^(-8)) / 0.12]
Solving for Yearly Payment:
Yearly Payment ≈ $442,243.17
Therefore, a yearly payment of approximately $442,243.17 would make the two offers identical in value at a cost of capital of 12%.
c. If the yearly payments were made at the beginning of each year instead of the end, the calculation for Option 2 would change. However, since we do not have the necessary information on the timing of the payments, we cannot determine the exact effect on the decision. The timing of cash flows can have an impact on the present value calculation, but without specific information, we cannot make a definitive conclusion.
d. The cash inflows associated with the purchase ($250,250 per year for 15 years) are not directly relevant to the decision between the one-time payment and the series of payments. The decision is based on the present value of the options and the cost of capital. The additional cash inflows may be considered in evaluating the overall profitability of the investment but do not impact the choice between the two payment options.
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Is tourism only destroying the city of Venice?
No, tourism is not solely responsible for destroying the city of Venice. While tourism has contributed to some negative impacts such as overcrowding and strain on infrastructure, other factors like climate change, subsidence, and inadequate urban planning also play significant roles in the city's challenges.
Venice faces a complex set of issues that cannot be attributed solely to tourism. Factors such as climate change and rising sea levels have led to increased flooding and erosion in the city. Additionally, the extraction of groundwater and natural subsidence has caused the city to sink over time. Inadequate urban planning and the lack of sustainable infrastructure have further exacerbated the challenges faced by Venice. While tourism has put pressure on the city's resources and local communities, it is important to consider the broader range of factors that contribute to the issues Venice is experiencing. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond focusing solely on tourism.
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Submit two solved problems for the following: a. Loading b. Sequencing c. Scheduling Operations d. EOQ"
The two solved problems are 1. What is the optimal way to load the boxes onto the truck to maximize the total weight carried? and 2. The factory wants to find the optimal sequence to minimize the total processing time.
What are the two solved problems?Below are two solved problems for each of the given topics:
a. Loading:
Problem 1:
A warehouse needs to load a shipment of boxes onto a truck. The boxes have different weights, and the truck has a maximum weight capacity of 10,000 kilograms. The weights of the boxes are as follows:
Box 1: 2,500 kilograms
Box 2: 3,200 kilograms
Box 3: 1,800 kilograms
Box 4: 2,700 kilograms
Box 5: 2,000 kilograms
What is the optimal way to load the boxes onto the truck to maximize the total weight carried?
Solution:
To solve this problem, use a greedy algorithm that sorts the boxes in descending order based on their weights and then loads them onto the truck until the maximum weight capacity is reached.
Sorted box weights: 3,200, 2,700, 2,500, 2,000, 1,800
Loading sequence:
Box 1: 3,200 kilograms
Box 2: 2,700 kilograms
Box 3: 2,500 kilograms
Box 4: 2,000 kilograms
Box 5: 1,800 kilograms
The optimal loading sequence is to load the boxes in the order mentioned above. This sequence ensures that the maximum weight capacity of the truck is utilized while carrying the highest possible weight.
b. Sequencing:
Problem 2:
A factory has to process three jobs on two machines. The processing time (in minutes) for each job on each machine is as follows:
Machine 1:
Job 1: 10 minutes
Job 2: 8 minutes
Job 3: 6 minutes
Machine 2:
Job 1: 7 minutes
Job 2: 6 minutes
Job 3: 9 minutes
The factory wants to find the optimal sequence to minimize the total processing time.
Solution:
To solve this problem, we can use the Johnson's rule algorithm. Johnson's rule finds the optimal sequence by selecting the job with the shortest processing time on either machine until all jobs are scheduled.
Step 1: Find the minimum processing time for each job across the machines.
Job 1: min(10, 7) = 7 minutes
Job 2: min(8, 6) = 6 minutes
Job 3: min(6, 9) = 6 minutes
Step 2: Select the job with the shortest processing time. If there is a tie, choose the job that has the earliest occurrence in the initial list.
Job 2: 6 minutes
Step 3: Remove Job 2 from the list and update the processing times.
Machine 1:
Job 1: 10 minutes
Job 3: 6 minutes
Machine 2:
Job 1: 7 minutes
Job 3: 9 minutes
Step 4: Repeat steps 1 to 3 until all jobs are scheduled.
Job 3: 6 minutes
Step 5: Schedule the remaining job.
Job 1: 7 minutes
The optimal sequence for the factory to minimize the total processing time is Job 2, Job 3, Job 1.
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What is the 2020 TFSA annual dollar limit? A $7,200 B) $10,000 (C) $6,000 D) $5,000
The annual dollar limit for a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) in 2020 was $6,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) $6,000.
It's worth noting that TFSA contribution limits can change from year to year based on government regulations and inflation adjustments. The limit is set by the Canadian government and allows individuals to save and invest money in a TFSA without paying taxes on the investment income earned within the account.
It's always important to stay updated on the current TFSA limits as they can impact your personal financial planning and tax strategies. Consulting official government sources or financial advisors is recommended for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding TFSA contribution limits.
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AppleBanana Co. expects its EBIT to be 300,000 baht per year forever. The company can borrow at 5 percent. The company current has no debt, and its cost of equity is 14 percent and the tax rate is 32 percent. If the company borrows 200,000 baht and uses the proceeds to repurchase shares, the company's WACC is %. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to two decimal places, e.g., 32.16. Do not include percentage sign.)
The company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 7% after borrowing 200,000 baht and using it to repurchase shares.
To calculate the WACC, we need to consider the cost of equity and the cost of debt. The cost of equity is given as 14%, and the tax rate is 32%.
First, let's calculate the cost of debt. The company can borrow at a rate of 5%. Since the interest on debt is tax-deductible, we need to adjust the cost of debt using the tax rate. Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt is 5% * (1 - 0.32) = 3.4%.
Next, we calculate the weight of equity and the weight of debt. Since the company has no debt initially, the weight of debt is 0. After the share repurchase, the company's debt is 200,000 baht.
The total value of the firm is the sum of equity and debt, which is 200,000 baht (repurchase amount) + 200,000 baht (initial equity) = 400,000 baht. Therefore, the weight of equity is 200,000 baht / 400,000 baht = 0.5.
Now, we can calculate the WACC using the formula:
WACC = (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt)
Substituting the values:
WACC = (0.5 * 14%) + (0 * 3.4%) = 7% + 0 = 7%
Therefore, the company's WACC after borrowing and repurchasing shares is 7%.
In conclusion, the company's WACC is 7% after borrowing 200,000 baht and using it to repurchase shares.
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analyze and discuss to what extent an employer may infringe upon
or monitor the private life of an employee. Do you agree or
disagree with this? Defend your position.
Employers have the authority to monitor and limit employees' private lives to some extent. Employee rights to privacy may be restricted by businesses or employers who want to safeguard their employees, company, or property. I agree that employers should have some authority to limit employees' private lives.
Although the employer should have the right to monitor their employees, they should also respect their privacy as long as it does not infringe on the employer's security and reputation. The employer can impose certain limitations on employees to avoid conflicts and problems within the organization.
For example, an employer may require workers to wear a uniform or adhere to a dress code. These regulations apply to all employees, and there is no infringement on anyone's privacy. The employer may monitor an employee's email and internet usage to ensure that they are using the organization's resources effectively.
However, it is important to inform the employee about monitoring. This would prevent any legal claims in the future. Monitoring employees' social media use outside of work is debatable, especially if the employee's actions do not directly impact the employer's reputation.
In some cases, monitoring employees outside of work can cross the line of invasion of privacy. Employers should also avoid monitoring employees' personal communications and sensitive information, such as their medical history, marital status, or political opinions.
In conclusion, I agree that employers should have some authority to limit or monitor employees' private lives to ensure the safety and security of the organization, but it is important to set clear boundaries and respect employees' privacy rights. Employers should balance their need to maintain control with their employees' rights and personal freedoms.
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Marwa & Co. purchased a parcel of land six years ago for $545488. At that time, the firm invested $117086 in grading the site so that it would be usable. Since the firm wasn't ready to use the site itself at that time, it decided to lease the land for $53,500 a year. The company is now considering building a warehouse on the site as the rental lease is expiring. The current value of the land is $602666 What value should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of this land?
The value that should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of the land is $545,488.
To determine the value that should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of the land, we need to consider the cost of acquiring the land and the cost of leasing the land.
Cost of acquiring the land:
Marwa & Co. purchased the land six years ago for $545,488.
Cost of leasing the land:
Since the company leased the land for $53,500 per year, the total cost of leasing over the six years is:
$53,500/year x 6 years = $321,000.
Therefore, the total value that should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of the land is the sum of the cost of acquiring the land and the cost of leasing the land:
$545,488 + $321,000 = $866,488.
The value that should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of the land is $545,488. This includes the cost of acquiring the land and the cost of leasing the land over a period of six years.
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all of the following accounts are directly or indirectly affected by a large stock dividend except . multiple choice additional paid-in capital stock dividends common stock retained earnings
Additional paid-in capital. A large stock dividend is one that exceeds 25 percent of the corporation's previously outstanding shares. A large stock dividend can be used as a form of payment for dividends.
It is important to note that a stock dividend has no impact on the corporation's assets, liabilities, or equity.A company's financial statements can be affected by a large stock dividend. Retained earnings, common stock, and additional paid-in capital are all directly or indirectly affected by a large stock dividend.
Additional paid-in capital is the only one that is not directly or indirectly affected by a large stock dividend. It does not make sense to reduce the value of a corporation's APIC account as a result of a stock dividend because APIC represents funds received from investors that were not related to stock issuances.
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Suppose you deposited $3,000 in a savings account earning 2.7% interest compounding daily. How long will it take for the balance to grow to $10,000? Answer in years rounded to one decimal place. (e.g., 2.4315 years --> 2.4)
For saving of $3,000 in a saving account with an interest rate of 2.7% will take 7.8 yrs to grow to $10,000.
To find the time taken to grow the balance from $3000 to $10,000.Using the compound interest formula we get,
A = P(1 + r/n)^(n×t)
Where A is the amount,
P is the principal,r is the rate of interest,
n is the number of times interest is compounded in a year and
t is the time taken to grow the amount to A.
We know that interest is compounded daily, therefore the number of times interest is compounded in a year is,n = 365
Substituting the given values in the formula and solving for t, we get,
10000 = 3000(1 + 0.027/365)^(365×t)10000/3000
= (1.000073972)^(365×t)10/3
= (1.000073972)^(365×t)
Taking the natural log on both sides of the equation we get,
ln(10/3) = ln(1.000073972)^(365×t)t
= ln(10/3)/365×ln(1.000073972)t
= 7.8 years (approx)
Therefore, the time taken to grow the balance from $3000 to $10,000 in a saving account is approximately 7.8 years.
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Long-term considerations in determining capacity requirements include: I. demand trend II. duration of demand cycles III. amplitude of demand cycles Select one: O a. I O b. Il O c. I and II O d. I, II and III
Long-term considerations in determining capacity requirements include demand trend, duration of demand cycles and amplitude of demand cycles. Capacity planning is the process of establishing the overall capability levels of an organization's resources.
Capacity planning is an important decision-making process that helps organizations assess their current and future needs and take the necessary steps to meet those needs. The long-term considerations that go into determining capacity requirements include: Demand trend: One of the most important factors to consider in capacity planning is the trend of demand. Demand trends can vary significantly over time, and organizations need to be able to adapt their capacity levels to meet these changes. Duration of demand cycles: The duration of demand cycles is another factor to consider when determining capacity requirements.
Long-term capacity planning should take into account the length of time required to meet the expected demand cycles. Amplitude of demand cycles: Finally, the amplitude of demand cycles should be considered when determining capacity requirements. High-amplitude demand cycles can create significant fluctuations in capacity needs, and organizations need to be able to respond quickly to these changes. In conclusion, all three factors, demand trend, duration of demand cycles, and amplitude of demand cycles should be considered while determining capacity requirements.
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Which of the following would NOT be used to describe a benefit statement? a. saves the customer money. b. will improve profits . c. how the product is made. d. will give the customer peace of mind. e. will increase sales
The term which would NOT be used to describe a benefit statement is "how the product is made. This is option C.
"What is a benefit statement?A benefit statement is a statement that explains how a product, service, or program will help the customer by addressing their requirements, fixing a problem, or satisfying a desire.
A benefit statement might be a useful sales tool for businesses since it helps consumers grasp the practical value of a product.
So, the answer is C.
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Find the EAR in each of the following cases: a. 15% compounded quarterly ___________ b. 17% compounded monthly ____________
c. 12% compounded daily ________________
d. 18% with continuous compounding _______________
The EAR in each case is (a) 14% compounded quarterly is 15.44%. (b) 12% compounded monthly is 18.64%. (c) 18% compounded daily is 12.75%. (d) 19% with infinite compounding is 19.5%.
The Effective Annual Rate (EAR) represents the true annual interest rate when compounding occurs more than once per year.
The formula to calculate the Effective Annual Rate (EAR) is:
EAR = (1 + i/m)m - 1
Where,
i = annual nominal interest rate
m = number of compounding periods per year
(a.) In case a, the nominal interest rate is 15% and it is compounded quarterly. Therefore, the number of compounding periods is 4 (quarterly).
15% compounded quarterly
EAR = (1 + 0.15/4)⁴ - 1
EAR = 0.1544 or 15.44%
(b.) In case b, the nominal interest rate is 17% and it is compounded monthly, resulting in 12 compounding periods.
17% compounded monthly
EAR = (1 + 0.17/12)¹² - 1
EAR = 0.1864 or 18.64%
(c.) In case c, the nominal interest rate is 12% and it is compounded daily, leading to 365 compounding periods.
12% compounded daily
EAR = (1 + 0.12/365)³⁶⁵ - 1
EAR = 0.1275 or 12.75%
(d.) In case d, with continuous compounding, we don't have discrete compounding periods, and the EAR is equal to the nominal interest rate, which is 18%.
18% with continuous compounding
EAR = [tex]e^{r}[/tex] - 1
Where,
r = annual interest rate
EAR = [tex]e^{0.018}[/tex] - 1
EAR = 0.195 or 19.5%
Therefore, the Effective Annual Rate (EAR) in each of the following cases: (a.) 15% compounded quarterly = 15.44% (b.) 17% compounded monthly = 18.64% (c.) 12% compounded daily = 12.75% (d.) 18% with continuous compounding = 19.5%
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Complete Question:
Find the EAR in each of the following cases. Required:
(a) 14% compounded quarterly
(b) 12% compounded monthly
(c) 18% compounded daily
(d) 19% with infinite compounding
You are given spot rates as follows
Year Spot Rate
1 3.5%
2 4.2%
3 5%
4 6.5%
5 7.2%
What are the discount factors for each date?
Calculate the prices of the following bonds with $1000 par value. Assume annual compounding
3% coupon, two-year maturity
6% coupon, five-year maturity
11% coupon, five-year maturity
Discount factors are the present values of future cash flows. These are computed by discounting them at the required rate of return. For example, a $1,000 bond may have cash flows in the form of semi-annual coupon payments, followed by a final $1,000 principal repayment on maturity.
1. The discount factor for year 1 is:
DF(1) = 1/(1+0.035) = 0.96527 (approx)2. The discount factor for year 2 is DF(2) = 1/(1+0.042)² = 0.91397 (approx)3. The discount factor for year 3 is DF(3) = 1/(1+0.05)³ = 0.86070 (approx)4. The discount factor for year 4 is DF(4) = 1/(1+0.065)⁴ = 0.78176 (approx)5. The discount factor for year 5 is DF(5) = 1/(1+0.072)⁵ = 0.71178 (approx)2. The price of the bond with a 3% coupon and two-year maturity can be calculated as follows:
a. The annual coupon payment is 3% of $1,000, i.e., $30.b. The band has two years to maturity, and hence two coupon payments of $30 each. c. At maturity, the bond will pay back the principal of $1,000.d. The present value of each coupon payment can be calculated using the discount factors as follows: PV(coupon) = $30 x [DF(1) + DF(2)] = $30 x [0.96527 + 0.91397] = $55.26e. The present value of the principal repayment can be calculated using the discount factor for year 2 as follows:
PV(principal) = $1,000 x DF(2) = $1,000 x 0.91397 = $913.97f. The total price of the bond can be calculated as the sum of the present values of coupon payments and principal repayment as follows:
Price = PV(coupon) + PV(principal) = $55.26 + $913.97 = $969.23 (approx)3. The price of the bond with a 6% coupon and five-year maturity can be calculated as follows: a. The annual coupon payment is 6% of $1,000, i.e., $60.b. The bond has five years to maturity, and hence five coupon payments of $60 each. c. At maturity, the bond will pay back the principal of $1,000.d. The present value of each coupon payment can be calculated using the discount factors as follows:
PV(coupon)1 = $60 x DF(1) = $60 x 0.96527 = $57.92PV(coupon)2 = $60 x DF(2) = $60 x 0.91397 = $54.84PV(coupon)3 = $60 x DF(3) = $60 x 0.86070 = $51.64PV(coupon)4 = $60 x DF(4) = $60 x 0.78176 = $46.91PV(coupon)5 = $60 x DF(5) = $60 x 0.71178 = $42.71e. The present value of the principal repayment can be calculated using the discount factor for year 5 as follows:
PV(principal) = $1,000 x DF(5) = $1,000 x 0.71178 = $711.78f. The total price of the bond can be calculated as the sum of the present values of coupon payments and principal repayment as follows:
Price = PV(coupon)1 + PV(coupon)2 + PV(coupon)3 + PV(coupon)4 + PV(coupon)5 + PV(principal) = $57.92 + $54.84 + $51.64 + $46.91 + $42.71 + $711.78 = $965.80 (approx)4. The price of the bond with an 11% coupon and five-year maturity can be calculated as follows:
a. The annual coupon payment is 11% of $1,000, i.e., $110.b. The bond has five years to maturity, and hence five coupon payments of $110 each.
c. At maturity, the bond will pay back the principal of $1,000.d. The present value of each coupon payment can be calculated using the discount factors as follows:
PV(coupon)1 = $110 x DF(1) = $110 x 0.96527 = $106.18PV(coupon)2 = $110 x DF(2) = $110 x 0.91397 = $100.54PV(coupon)3 = $110 x DF(3) = $110 x 0.86070 = $95.22PV(coupon)4 = $110 x DF(4) = $110 x 0.78176 = $85.99PV(coupon)5 = $110 x DF(5) = $110 x 0.71178 = $78.30e.
The present value of the principal repayment can be calculated using the discount factor for year 5 as follows:
PV(principal) = $1,000 x DF(5) = $1,000 x 0.71178 = $711.78f. The total price of the bond can be calculated as the sum of the present values of coupon payments and principal repayment as follows:
Price = PV(coupon)1 + PV(coupon)2 + PV(coupon)3 + PV(coupon)4 + PV(coupon)5 + PV(principal) = $106.18 + $100.54 + $95.22 + $85.99 + $78.30 + $711.78 = $1,178.01 (approx).
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Question #1
Since a feasibility study does not provide guaranteed
results, whats the point? What information can you gain from
conducting one?
I need help with this.
A feasibility study is essential for a business to determine the viability and practicality of a proposed project. Though feasibility studies are not designed to offer guaranteed results, they are critical to determining if a project is worth pursuing.
A feasibility study is a preliminary assessment of a proposed project or venture's practicality. Feasibility studies are an essential part of the process of identifying potential projects, assessing their viability, and making informed decisions about whether or not to pursue them.
A feasibility study is often conducted by a team of experts with specific knowledge in the proposed area of focus. The feasibility study's goal is to evaluate the project's possible success or failure, as well as the optimal means to undertake it.
The point of a feasibility study is to determine whether or not a proposed project is worth pursuing and to assist in making informed decisions based on the information gathered.
A feasibility study considers the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed project, analyzes possible alternatives, and assesses the feasibility of the project in the context of current market conditions and regulations. A feasibility study provides valuable information for businesses.
Among the critical pieces of information, a feasibility study provides are:Information on the economic feasibility, detailed assessment of the market, the amount of risk associated with the proposed project, an estimate of the total project cost, the potential return on investment (ROI)Projected timelines, including the time it will take to break even on the investment.
In conclusion, feasibility studies are an essential tool for businesses to assess the viability and practicality of a proposed project. Though they do not guarantee success, they provide valuable information that can be used to make informed decisions.
A feasibility study provides a detailed assessment of the market, an estimate of the total project cost, the potential return on investment (ROI), and the risks associated with the project.
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Same facts as above: what would be the total value of the 1,500 Manx Corp. shares purchased by Bronze Star one year ago right now in U.S. dollars if the exchange rate between USD and GBP has
remained the same at $1.50 / £1?
The total value of the 1,500 Manx Corp. shares purchased by Bronze Star one year ago, at the unchanged exchange rate of $1.50 / £1, would be $2,250 in U.S. dollars.
To determine the total value of 1,500 Manx Corp. shares purchased by Bronze Star one year ago in U.S. dollars, we need to consider the exchange rate between USD and GBP. In this case, the exchange rate has remained the same at $1.50 / £1.
If Bronze Star purchased the shares one year ago, the value of the shares at that time would be in GBP. To convert this value to U.S. dollars, we need to multiply the number of shares by the exchange rate.
1,500 shares × $1.50/£1 = $2,250
Therefore, the total value of 1,500 Manx Corp. shares purchased by Bronze Star one year ago, considering the unchanged exchange rate of $1.50 / £1, would be $2,250 in U.S. dollars. This means that the investment in Manx Corp. has maintained its value in U.S. dollars over the year, assuming the exchange rate remained constant.
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Bricktan Incorporated makes three products, Basic, Classic, and Deluxe. The maximum Bricktan can sell is 724,000 units of Basic, 492,000 units of Classic, and 124.500 units of Deluxe. Bricktan has limited production capacity of 1,008,000 machine hours. Machine hours per unit are as follows: Basic, 1 hour, Classic, 1.25 hours; and Deluxe 2.5 hours. Contribution margin per unit is $15 for Basic, $25 for Classic, and $55 for Deluxe. What is the most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Incorporated? Multiple Choice a. 622,500 Basic, o Classic and 124,500 Deluxe. b. 72,400 Basic, 492,000 Classic and 268,800 Deluxe.
c. 81,750 Basic, 492,000 Classic and 124,500 Deluxe d. 168,000 Basic, 124,500 Classic and 268,800 Deluxe. e. 367,500 Basic, 268,800 Classic and 124,500 Deluxe
The most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Incorporated is option d) 168,000 Basic, 124,500 Classic, and 268,800 Deluxe.
In order to determine the most profitable sales mix, we need to consider the contribution margin per unit and the production capacity constraints. By maximizing the contribution margin while staying within the production capacity limits, we can identify the optimal sales mix.
Calculating the machine hours required for each product:
Basic: 168,000 units x 1 hour = 168,000 machine hours
Classic: 124,500 units x 1.25 hours = 155,625 machine hours
Deluxe: 268,800 units x 2.5 hours = 672,000 machine hours
Total machine hours required: 168,000 + 155,625 + 672,000 = 995,625 machine hours
Since the available production capacity is 1,008,000 machine hours, the most profitable sales mix will utilize the maximum available capacity. Therefore, option d) with 168,000 units of Basic, 124,500 units of Classic, and 268,800 units of Deluxe is the most profitable sales mix.
This sales mix allows Bricktan Incorporated to maximize its contribution margin by fully utilizing its production capacity, ensuring the highest profitability for the company.
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Make a brief summary of the Cadbury code of
principles.
It is a corporate governance question
The Cadbury Code of Principles is a code of best corporate governance practices for listed companies in the UK. The Cadbury report was published in December 1992, and it suggested that companies should establish a code of best practices for corporate governance.
Corporate governance refers to the set of procedures and principles that govern a company's operations and the behavior of its management and board of directors.
The objective of corporate governance is to ensure that the company is managed in a way that benefits all stakeholders.
This involves ensuring that the board of directors is accountable to shareholders, that there is transparency in the company's operations, and that the company is managed in a way that is ethical and legal.
The Cadbury Code of Principles is a set of best practices that companies should follow to ensure good corporate governance.
Some of the key principles of the Cadbury Code of Principles are as follows: Companies should have a board of directors that is independent and that is composed of directors with a range of skills and experience.
The chairman of the board should be an independent director.
The board should be responsible for setting the company's strategy and ensuring that the company is managed in a way that is consistent with its strategic objectives.
The board should ensure that there are adequate controls in place to manage risk.
The board should be accountable to shareholders and should provide them with regular updates on the company's performance.
The board should ensure that the company is managed in an ethical and legal manner.
The board should ensure that the company has adequate systems in place for monitoring and reporting on its performance.
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Which of the following phenomena would be either consistent with or a violation of the efficient market hypothesis?
a. Nearly half of all professionally managed mutual funds are able to outperform the S\&P 500 in a typical year. Consistent Violation
b. Money managers who outperform the market (on a risk-adjusted basis) in one year are likely to outperform in the following Consistent Violation
c. Stock prices tend to be predictably more volatile in January than in other months. Consistent Violation
d. Stock prices of companies that announce increased earnings in January tend to outperform the market in February. Consistent Violation
e. Stocks that perform well in one week perform poorly in the following week. Consistent Violation
The efficient market hypothesis is based on the principle that markets are efficient and always price assets accurately based on all available information. Any deviation from this principle would result in either a violation of the efficient market hypothesis or consistency with it.
The explanation for the various phenomena in relation to the efficient market hypothesis is given below :a. Nearly half of all professionally managed mutual funds are able to outperform the S&P 500 in a typical year. Consistent - This is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis. According to the efficient market hypothesis, investors should expect to earn a market return and that it is impossible to outperform the market on a consistent basis .b. Money managers who outperform the market (on a risk-adjusted basis) in one year are likely to outperform in the following year. Consistent - This is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis.
Stock prices tend to be predictably more volatile in January than in other months. Violation - This is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis. According to the efficient market hypothesis, stock prices should not follow any predictable patterns and should not be subject to seasonal fluctuations.d. Stock prices of companies that announce increased earnings in January tend to outperform the market in February. Violation - This is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis. According to the efficient market hypothesis, all publicly available information should be immediately reflected in the market price of a security, and it is impossible to consistently earn excess returns based on public information.e. Stocks that perform well in one week perform poorly in the following week. Violation - This is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis.
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3. What financial role does college football play at NCAA
Division I–FBS insti- tutions? How does this compare to Division
I–FCS institutions?
College football at NCAA Division I-FBS institutions plays a more substantial financial role compared to Division I-FCS institutions. The larger stadiums, higher-profile games, and greater commercialization of FBS football lead to more significant revenue streams, primarily from ticket sales, sponsorships, media rights, merchandise sales, and donations.
FCS institutions have smaller football programs and generate less revenue, relying on ticket sales, smaller media rights deals, and donations. College football plays a significant financial role at NCAA Division I-FBS institutions. These institutions typically have larger football programs with more resources, larger stadiums, and higher-profile games that generate substantial revenue. The revenue streams for Division I-FBS institutions primarily come from ticket sales, sponsorships, media rights deals, merchandise sales, and donations from boosters and alumni.
The popularity and commercialization of FBS football often result in lucrative television contracts and bowl game payouts. In contrast, Division I-FCS institutions have smaller football programs and generally generate less revenue compared to FBS schools. Their revenue primarily comes from ticket sales, smaller media rights deals, and donations from supporters. FCS institutions often have smaller stadiums and fewer high-profile games, resulting in less revenue-generating opportunities.
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Explain why extending unemployment insurance benefits has both a supply-side and demand side effect on real GDP and the price level.
Extending unemployment benefits can have a positive impact on both the supply and demand side of the economy, leading to increased economic activity and higher levels of prosperity for individuals and businesses alike is the answer.
Extending unemployment insurance benefits has both a supply-side and demand-side effect on real GDP and the price level. The supply-side effect is because the availability of unemployment benefits provides individuals with greater economic security, allowing them to pursue more rewarding and productive employment opportunities. The demand-side effect is because increased unemployment benefits provide additional spending power to those who receive them, which can stimulate consumer spending and aggregate demand in the economy.
When unemployment insurance benefits are extended, unemployed individuals can maintain their standard of living for a longer period. This means that they are more likely to search for employment that is more suitable to their skill level or experience. As a result, the increased availability of suitable labour can help boost the productive capacity of the economy, leading to higher real GDP.
Additionally, the additional spending power that comes with extended unemployment benefits can help stimulate consumer demand, leading to increased spending and higher prices. This increased spending can also help create jobs and boost economic activity, leading to a further increase in real GDP. Overall, extending unemployment benefits can have a positive impact on both the supply and demand side of the economy, leading to increased economic activity and higher levels of prosperity for individuals and businesses alike.
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Which of the following is true? Select all that apply.
True
False
User intent refers to what the user was trying to accomplish by issuing the query.
True
False
A page can have a high Needs Met rating even if it is not related to the topic of the query.
True
False
The meaning of a query may change over time.
True
False
All queries belong to a locale.
True (User intent)
False (Needs Met rating)
True (Query meaning over time)
False (Locale).
The correct answers are as follows:
True (User intent): User intent refers to the purpose or goal that a user has in mind when issuing a query. Understanding user intent is crucial for search engines to provide relevant and useful search results.
False (Needs Met rating): The Needs Met rating measures how well a search result satisfies the user's needs based on relevance, quality, and usefulness. A page cannot have a high Needs Met rating if it is not related to the topic of the query.
True (Query meaning over time): The meaning of a query can change over time due to evolving language, cultural shifts, or changes in user behavior. Search engines need to adapt and understand the evolving context of queries to provide accurate and up-to-date results.
False (Locale): Not all queries necessarily belong to a specific locale. Queries can be general or specific to a particular region or language, but not all queries are tied to a specific location or language.
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Which of the following is not one of the common techniques for information security risks and attacks?
a. Social
b. Engineering
c. Botnet
The common techniques used for information security risks and attacks are b. Engineering, a. Social, and c. Botnet. In this context, the term Botnet is not a common technique used for information security risks and attacks.
Botnets are a network of computers and devices that are infected with malicious software and controlled by hackers. They can be used for various purposes, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, spamming, and stealing data. Botnets can be challenging to detect and shut down since they operate remotely and often from multiple locations. Engineering is one of the common techniques for information security risks and attacks. It is a form of social engineering that involves tricking individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or login credentials. Cybercriminals can use several methods to deceive people into divulging confidential information, such as phishing emails, phone scams, and fake websites. Social is another common technique for information security risks and attacks. Social engineering involves manipulating people into divulging confidential information. It can be achieved through various means, such as phishing emails, phone scams, and fake websites, among others. Social engineering tactics can be challenging to detect since they involve human interaction rather than software or hardware. Botnet is not one of the common techniques used for information security risks and attacks. It is a network of computers and devices that are infected with malicious software and controlled by hackers. Botnets can be used for various purposes, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, spamming, and stealing data. Botnets can be challenging to detect and shut down since they operate remotely and often from multiple locations.
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If you deposit $7889 per year for 5-years where i 10% per year, find P: Select one: O a. P= $59905.6212 O b. P- $29905.6212 O c. P= $39905.6212 O d. P= $19905.6212
The correct option is (c) P= $39,905.62. The present value of annuity is $39,905.62 if the deposit of $7,889 is made every year for 5 years and the interest rate is 10% per year.
The present value (PV) is the present worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows offered at a certain rate of return. To calculate the PV, all future cash flows must be estimated and discounted back to the present at the appropriate discount rate. The formula to calculate the present value of annuity is: P = A * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]Where, A = Periodic Paymentr = Rate of interestn = Number of periodic payments. We are given, A = $7,889r = 10%n = 5Thus, the present value (P) of annuity is:P = $7,889 * [(1 - (1 + 0.10)^-5) / 0.10] P = $39,905.62Hence, the present value is $39,905.62.
Present worth (PV) is the ongoing worth of a future amount of cash or stream of incomes given a predetermined pace of return. Present worth takes the future worth and applies a rebate rate or the loan fee that could be procured whenever contributed.
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Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Companies are not likely to call bonds unless interest rates have declined significantly. Thus, the call provision is detrimental to firms but valuable to long term investors.
b. On balance, bonds that have a sinking fund are regarded as being safer than those without such a provision.
c. Long-term bond prices are more sensitive than short-term bond prices to interest rate changes.
d. If interest rates rise, the price of the bond will fall.
The false statement among the options is option A: Companies are not likely to call bonds unless interest rates have declined significantly.
Thus, the call provision is detrimental to firms but valuable to long term investors.
What are bonds?A bond is a fixed income instrument that is issued by an institution or corporation. It allows the borrower to borrow capital from investors and pay them interest over time. Bonds are a type of debt that is issued with a fixed term and interest rate. They are an excellent way to make money from your savings or investments.
How do bonds work?Bonds work in the same way as a loan. The investor gives the borrower a sum of money that is repaid over time, plus interest. The investor is repaid when the bond matures. Bonds have a range of terms, but the majority of bonds are long-term, with maturities of ten years or more. Bonds with a shorter duration are often referred to as notes or short-term bonds.
What is a call provision?A call provision is a clause in a bond agreement that allows the issuer to redeem the bond before it matures. When interest rates fall, issuers of callable bonds are more likely to call the bonds, resulting in the investor receiving their principal back earlier than anticipated. Callable bonds are less beneficial to investors than non-callable bonds because they reduce the investor's ability to earn income on the bonds for the entire duration of the term.Answer: A. Companies are not likely to call bonds unless interest rates have declined significantly. Thus, the call provision is detrimental to firms but valuable to long term investors.
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