1. Define communicable diseases. Give three examples.

2. Give two examples of each of the following types of microorganisms: a) Algae b) Fungi c) Protozoa.

3. What is pasteurization?

4. Mention any three ways through which pathogens are transmitted.

5. It is always suggested that not to eat anything from street hawkers. Why?

6. Ria thought of making curd. For this, she took lukewarm milk, mixed some curd into it and stir well. She kept the mixture in fridge. Next day she observed that curd was not set. Can you tell why the curd did not set?

7. Seema got cough and cold badly. Her teacher asked her to take rest at home and use handkerchief while sneezing and coughing. She obeyed her teacher.
a) Why should we keep a handkerchief on nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing?
b) What are the modes of transfer of diseases from infected to healthy person?
c) Do you think Seema’s teacher’s decision was right? Why?
d) What value of Seema is shown here?

8. Classify bacteria on the basis of their shapes.

9. Why are viruses considered to be the borderline between living and the non- living?
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Answer:

Option A: Solids

Explanation:

Due to the fact that heat is transported from a hotter body to a cooler body when two objects are kept in thermal contact, conduction only occurs in solids and not in liquids or gases. Conduction is the term for this mechanism, which uses the same body temperature. When two bodies remain together during conduction to transfer heat In order to transmit heat energy quickly and more efficiently, the molecules of both entities vibrate and collide with one another. Since solids have compactly packed molecules, this allows the molecules to vibrate more and transfer heat more effectively than liquids and gases. When molecules in close proximity to one another clash, energy is transferred. Due to the molecules' near closeness and, in the case of crystals, their clearly defined structure, this occurs very readily in a solid. A few things alter when heat transport in liquids and gases is taken into account. The molecules are not as close together, and gravity has a particular, confusing influence. Heat is transferred through collisions of nearby particles in a process known as convection. The metal surface particles are transmitting heat to the liquid through conduction at the metal-water interface if convection is occurring between a solid that is hotter than the liquid adjacent to it, such as a pan on the stove. But when that occurs, the water's density begins to alter. The water molecules at the surface move faster, contain more energy, and occupy more space per mass (they are less dense). Because water molecules may pass one another and gravity makes this easier, the less dense water near the metal surface is replaced by the more dense water above it. Natural convection is the mechanism through which a liquid or gas moves in this manner as a result of variations in density. Conduction is no longer possible unless you can prevent the effect of fluid density on the flow of gases or liquids. Fundamentally, in both liquids and gases as well as solids, molecules continue to exchange energy through collisions. Conduction, however, performs this considerably more effectively in liquids at the metal-liquid contact and less so as you travel away from the interface and upward through the liquid. Convection is the movement of particles to transfer heat.

Bottom Line: Conduction may occur in gases and liquids, but you must be able to reduce the impact of gravity. These are known as "stagnant fluids." Convection is the term used to describe fluid movement caused by density variations when they are not prevented.

Answer:

OB

Explanation:

the people in the village has a only one option to drill a place where the water well is deep and connects submissive pump in the well and connects a PVC to where ever you want to send water

Answer:

D. Regulate the number of jets flying in the upper troposphere.

Glacial evidence discovered in South America demonstrates how climate change evidence has bolstered the notion of continental drift. Folded mountains in Africa and South America. Thus, the correct option is D.

Climate change is happening all across the planet on a daily basis. This is primarily due to human activities that have had an impact on the atmosphere and the earth.

Continental drift is basically the hypothesis that the continents once constituted a single landmass, disintegrated, and drifted to their current places.

The discovery of glacial evidence in South America has led to a greater acceptance of the continental drift idea.

Finally, we can conclude that glacial evidence discovered in South America demonstrates how climatic change evidence supports the hypothesis of continental drift.

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Answer:

option d is the correct awnser

Explanation:

O folded mountains in Africa and South America

The scientist should eep all variables except water temperature constant because to ensure that the results only reflect changing temperature. Thus, the correct option is D.

An embryo may be defined as an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. It is also characterized as the early stage of the development of multicellular organisms.

Here, scientists should keep all the variables except water temperature constant because they are analyzing the effect of only water temperature on the growth and maturation of a frog's embryo into mature tadpoles.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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Explanation:

A. It allows biologists to organize a series of fossils by their age

The political acts that sparked discussion about success in the woodland industry are What they refer to as a company obtaining a production facility, which can make the forestry business successful and real.

Social issues including poverty, a lack of awareness, the inability to meet basic needs, etc. had an impact on the problem or the solution in the stories, such as How to Use Timberlands Wisely and Local Area Protection.

Due to the fact that these problems forced people to indiscriminately use the land and cut down trees in order to meet their basic needs, which improved the general public's economic well-being.

People in the backwoods chopped trees because they were in need and offered them to bring in money to buy food and other essentials for their families.

There is no need to cut down trees or use land, assuming that these social issues are resolved.

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Answer:

1. Amino acid

7. RNA

5. Nucleic acid

3. DNA

6. Protein

2. Catalyst    

8. Substrate

Explanation:

1. AMINO ACIDS are the basic building block of proteins; they contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH 2) in their structure. 2. A CATALYST is any substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. 3. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule containing the genetic code. It carries all the genetic information of living organisms. 4. AN ENZYME is a protein molecule that is specialized to speed up a specific chemical reaction in biological systems. It is referred to as a biological catalyst because it speeds up a chemical reaction in living systems. 5. NUCLEIC ACID is a sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous organic bases. A nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) is a polymer of nucleotides, which are composed of the three molecules mentioned above. A sequence of nucleotides forms a NUCLEIC ACID. 6. PROTEIN is a large, complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The amino acid building blocks are linked together in a condensation reaction and catalyzed by Peptidyl transferase enzyme. 7. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of nucleic acid that participates in the synthesis of proteins. RNA is of three types viz: mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. They all play a role in the process of protein synthesis. 8. A SUBSTRATE is a compound that is involved in a chemical reaction and is chemically changed by the reaction. The substrate usually forms part of the reactant that yields the product.

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Answer:

I think it is D. sry if i'm wrong

Answer:

tetrads change orientation as a lineup along the center of the cell

Answer:

Oxygen

Explanation

Cellular respiration means taking Oxygen and using it to "breathe" and also be used in many other processes.

Answer:

The different elevations of a cloud and the ground

The terms with respect to their definitions are matched below:

An independent variable may be defined as a variable that stands isolated and isn't altered by the other variables you are trying to measure in your experiments.

A controlled variable may be defined as a variable that remains unchanged during the course of whole experiments.

A responding variable may be defined as a variable that responds according to the effect of controlled and independent variables.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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Answer:

well the answer is yellow

Explanation:

Answer: Liver.

Explanation:

Chronic Passive Congestion.

Water makes the penny visible by bending the light rays towards the normal.

Refraction is the bending of light rays as it crosses the boundary of media of different densities.

The ability of water to to bend light is employed in making a penny visible when water is added to container container a penny which was not visible initially.

Therefore, water makes the penny visible by bending the light rays towards the normal.

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Two related populations separated by a mountain range for many generations eventually become different species is an example of Allopatric type of speciation.

Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation that occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated by a physical barrier from one another.

So we can conclude that two related populations separated by a mountain range for many generations eventually become different species is an example of Allopatric type of speciation.

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Indigenous Information System (IKS) is the body of knowledge that communities have accumulated over many generations as a result of their interactions with the environment.

The technological, economic, philosophical, educational, and governing systems are all included in the indigenous knowledge system.

Prior to the development of the contemporary scientific knowledge system, indigenous societies established their own knowledge, which is included in indigenous knowledge systems (IKS).

Acupuncture from China is an illustration of IKS. Through the preservation and wise use of biodiversity, it may significantly advance sustainable development.

There is a definite need to preserve these systems, acknowledge their worth, and stop their destruction in order to strengthen indigenous knowledge practices and cultures.

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Answer:

As the cell enters meiosis 1, it's DNA replicates in S phase and then reduces to half when the cell splits into two. Hence, the amount of DNA remains 10 pg.

During meiosis 2, there is no DNA replication but only division between cells, leading to 5 pg of DNA in all four daughter cells.

So, the correct option is '10 pg and 5 pg respectively'

Renwable energy resources will never run out .

The function involves the circulatory system working with the respiratory system is Enabling cellular respiration. Thus, option "B" is correct.

Respiratory system is a set of organs which help in the exchange of gases in the body. They bring oxygen from outside into the body and release carbon dioxide from inside the body to the outside world. The exchange of the gases takes place at the alveolar site (or gills in aquatic animals).

The circulatory system then carries this oxygen (mixed in blood) from gas exchange site to all the cells of the body. In addition, it also brings carbon dioxide (waste product of cellular respiration) from all the cells to the gas exchange site (respiratory system).

Thus, option "B" is correct.

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Answer:

the humerus

Explanation:

Answer:

Enveloping our planet and protecting us from the fury of the Sun is a giant bubble of magnetism called the magnetosphere. It deflects most of the solar material sweeping towards us from our star at 1 million miles per hour or more. Without the magnetosphere, the relentless action of these solar particles could strip the Earth of its protective layers, which shield us from the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. It’s clear that this magnetic bubble was key to helping Earth develop into a habitable planet.

Two different groups of scientists came up with contradictory regional climate changes as there are many climate zones in California based on latitude, altitude, and distance from the coast.

Depending on latitude, height, and distance from the coast, the climate in California varies greatly, ranging from sweltering desert to alpine tundra. The coastal areas of California, the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and a large portion of the Central Valley have a Mediterranean climate, which features warmer, drier summers and cooler, wetter winters. In coastal places, the influence of the ocean often moderates temperature extremes, resulting in milder winters and noticeably cooler summers.

The reason for this is the geographic location of the state, which stretches roughly between 32° and 42° north latitude.

Unique topographical features as well as a variety of bedrock and soil types have been produced as a result of glaciation, sedimentary and volcanic deposits, movement along fault zones, the uplift of subsurface rock and sediment layers, and progressive erosion. The topography and geography of the state have produced several local climates.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

The other options are illogical and D is the only one relating to plants.