There are 0.25 moles of HCl present in 250 mL of 1.0 M HCl.
We have to calculate the number of moles of HCl present in some mL of 1.0M HCl. A mole is defined as the amount of substance in a system that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12. We represent mole by the symbol 'mol'. Now, we will see how to calculate the number of moles.
We can calculate the number of moles of a substance using the following expression;
Molarity = no of moles of an element/volume
According to this question, we were given 250. mL of 1.0 M HCl. The number of moles will be calculated by the formula as follows;
no of moles of HCl = 0.250L × 1.0M
no of moles of HCl = 0.250 moles.
Therefore, 0.25 moles are present in 250 mL of 1.0 M HCl.
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Can someone please explain?
The pressure of N₂ gas produced when 42.57 g of NH₃ is reacted with excess NO in a sealed container is 4.95 atm
How do i determine the pressure of N₂ gas produced?First, we shall determine the mole of 42.57 g of NH₃ that reacted. Details below:
Mass of NH₃ = 42.57 g Molar mass of NH₃ = 17 g/mol Mole of NH₃ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of NH₃ = 42.57 / 1 7
Mole of NH₃ = 2.50 moles
Next, we shall determine the mole of N₂ gas produced. Details below:
4NH₃ + 6NO -> 5N₂ + 6H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
4 moles of NH₃ reacted to produced 5 moles of N₂
Therefore,
2.50 moles of NH₃ will react to produce = (2.5 × 5) / 4 = 3.125 moles of N₂
Finally, we shall determine the pressure of N₂ gas produced. This is shown below:
Volume of container (V) = 28 LTemperature (T) = 540 KNumber of mole of N₂ gas (n) = 3.125 molesGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/mol KPressure of N₂ gas (P) =?PV = nRT
P × 28 = 3.125 × 0.0821 × 540
Divide both sides by 28
P = (3.125 × 0.0821 × 540) / 28
P = 4.95 atm
Thus, we can conclude that the pressure of N₂ gas produced is 4.95 atm
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What is the molar volume of CO2 at 39 C and 652 torr?
The molar volume of a gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume of the gas in liters (L), n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin (K).
To solve for the molar volume of CO2 at 39°C (312 K) and 652 torr (0.859 atm), we can rearrange the ideal gas law as follows:
V = (nRT) / P
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of CO2. We can use the following equation, which relates the pressure, volume, number of moles, and temperature of a gas:
PV = nRT
Solving for n, we get:
n = (PV) / (RT)
Substituting the given values, we get:
n = (0.859 atm * V) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 312 K)
Now we can substitute this expression for n into the equation for the molar volume:
V = (nRT) / P
V = [(0.859 atm * V) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 312 K)] * (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 312 K) / (0.859 atm)
Simplifying, we get:
V = 24.45 L/mol
Therefore, the molar volume of CO2 at 39°C and 652 torr is 24.45 L/mol.
An unknown alkene is ozonolyzed and worked up under oxidizing conditions. The H NMR spectrum of the only product obtained is shown. Identify the alkene.
To identify the unknown alkene based on its H NMR spectrum, a qualified organic chemist would need to analyze the chemical shifts, integration values, and splitting patterns of the peaks in the spectrum, and compare them with known reference data and other spectroscopic techniques (such as C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry) to make an accurate determination.
The alkene is likely to be a symmetrical alkene with two equivalent methyl groups attached to the double bond. This can be seen from the singlet at 1.7 ppm, which is characteristic of a methyl group, appearing twice in the spectrum. The ozonolysis of the alkene would lead to the formation of two carbonyl compounds, which are then oxidized to carboxylic acids under the given oxidizing conditions. Therefore, the alkene in question is likely to be cis-2-butene.
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The total mass of products obtained when 130 g of zinc react completely with HCl is 274 g (3rd option)
How do i determine the total mass of products obtained?First, we shall determine the mass of each product obtained. Details below:
For ZnCl₂
2HCl + Zn -> ZnCl₂ + H₂
Molar mass of Zn = 65 g/molMass of Zn from the balanced equation = 1 × 65 = 65 g Molar mass of ZnCl₂ = 135 g/molMass of ZnCl₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 135 = 135 gFrom the balanced equation above,
65 g of Zn reacted to produce 135 g of ZnCl₂
Therefore,
130 g of Zn will react to produce = (130 × 135) / 65 = 270 g of ZnCl₂
Thus, the mass of ZnCl₂ obtained is 270 g
For H₂
2HCl + Zn -> ZnCl₂ + H₂
Molar mass of Zn = 65 g/molMass of Zn from the balanced equation = 1 × 65 = 65 g Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/molMass of H₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 2 = 2 gFrom the balanced equation above,
65 g of Zn reacted to produce 2 g of H₂
Therefore,
130 g of Zn will react to produce = (130 × 2) / 65 = 4 g of H₂
Thus, the mass of H₂ obtained is 4 g
Finally, we shall determine the total mass of the product produced. Details below:
Mass of ZnCl₂ = 270 gMass of H₂ = 4 gTotal mass of product =?Total mass of product = mass of ZnCl₂ + mass of H₂
Total mass of product = 270 + 4
Total mass of product = 274 g (3rd option)
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1. While doing a calorimetry experiment, you notice the temperature of 50.0 g of water changes by 7ºC. What is the energy of the chemical reaction? (Cwater= 4.18 J/g*°C)
2. Which of the following is an example of a kinetic energy change?
How are models used in chemistry? How does evidence change these models?
Answer: As they develop theories, chemists use models to attempt to explain their findings. Chemists assess the model they are using as new evidence becomes available and, if required, continue to refine it by making modifications.
Explanation:
One way to cool down your cup of coffee is to plunge an ice-cold piece of aluminum into it. Suppose you store an 18 g piece of aluminum in the refrigerator at 4.4°C, and drop it into your coffee. The coffee temperature drops from 90.0°C to 55.0°C. How much kJ of heat energy did the aluminum block absorb?
Note: The specific heat of aluminum is 0.89 J/g °C.
Do not round your answer in the middle of the problem, round at the very end.
Round your answer to the proper number of sig figs. Don't forget your units.
The aluminum block absorbed 0.875 kJ of heat energy when it was dropped into the coffee.
let's calculate the heat lost by the coffee when it is cooled from its initial temperature of 90.0°C to its final temperature of 55.0°C:
Q1 = m1 * C1 * (90.0°C - 55.0°C)
Q1 = 850 g * 4.184 J/g °C * (90.0°C - 55.0°C)
Q1 = 125660 J
where m1 is the mass of the coffee, C1 is the specific heat of water.
Next, let's calculate the heat gained by the aluminum block when it is heated from 4.4°C to the final temperature of the mixture, which is 55.0°C:
Q2 = m2 * C2 * (55.0°C - 4.4°C)
Q2 = 18 g * 0.89 J/g °C * (55.0°C - 4.4°C)
Q2 = 875.16 J
where m2 is the mass of the aluminum block, and C2 is the specific heat of aluminum.
Since the energy lost by the coffee is gained by the aluminum block, we can set Q1 equal to Q2:
Q1 = Q2
125660 J = 875.16 J + m2 * C2 * (55.0°C - 4.4°C)
Solving for m2, we get:
m2 = (125660 J - 875.16 J) / (0.89 J/g °C * (55.0°C - 4.4°C))
m2 = 152.2 g
Therefore, the mass of the aluminum block that was dropped into the coffee is 152.2 g. To calculate the heat energy absorbed by the aluminum block, we can use the heat gained by the aluminum block that we calculated earlier:
Q2 = 875.16 J
Converting this to kJ, we get:
Q2 = 0.875 kJ
Therefore, the aluminum block absorbed 0.875 kJ of heat energy when it was dropped into the coffee.
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PLEASE HELP!
Distilled vinegar contains a solution of acetic acid (CH3CO2H) in H2O. Using the formula M1V1=M2V2, solve for the concentration of the solution that results from diluting 0.50 L of 0.839 M vinegar solution to 2.5 L?
Question 4 options:
0.15 M
0.24 M
0.17 M
1.49 M
Hydrazine, N2H4
, reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen gas and water.
N2H4(aq)+O2(g)⟶N2(g)+2H2O(l)
If 3.55 g
of N2H4
reacts with excess oxygen and produces 0.850 L
of N2
, at 295 K
and 1.00 atm,
what is the percent yield of the reaction?
Hydrazine, reacts with the oxygen to form the nitrogen gas and the water. The percent yield of the reaction is 3.18 %.
The balanced reaction is :
N₂H₄ + O₂ ---> N₂ + 2H₂O
The mass of the N₂H₄ = 3.55 g
The moles of N₂H₄ = mass / molar mass
The moles of N₂H₄ = 3.55 / 32
The moles of N₂H₄ = 0.110 mol
The theoretical yield = 0.110 mol × 28 g/mol
The theoretical yield = 3.08 g
The gas equation is :
P V = n R T
n = P V / R T
n = (1 × 0.850 ) / ( 0.0823 ×295 )
n = 0.0035 mol
The actual yield = 0.0035 × 28
The actual yield = 0.098 g
The percent yield = ( 0.098 / 3.08 ) × 100 %
The percent yield = 3.18 %.
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The correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used, given that the student uses 0.100 mole of ammonium acetate in the reaction is 6.022×10²² molecules
How do i determine the number of molecules of ammonium acetate?The following data were obtained from the reaction:
Number of mole ammonium acetate used = 0.100 moleNumber of molecules of ammonium acetate used =?The correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used can be obtained as shown below:
From Avogadro's hypothesis,
1 mole of ammonium acetate = 6.022×10²³ molecules
Therefore,
0.1 mole of ammonium acetate = 0.1 × 6.022×10²³
0.1 mole of ammonium acetate = 6.022×10²² molecules
Thus, the number of molecules of ammonium acetate used is 6.022×10²² molecules
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Here are some data from a similar experiment, to determine the empirical formula of on oxide of tin.
Calculate the empirical formula according to these data.
Mass of crucible, cover, and tin sample 21.76 g
Mass of empty crucible with cover 19.66 g
Mass of crucible and cover and sample,
after prolonged heating gives constant weight 22.29 g
The information given can be used to construct the empirical formula for a tin oxide. We must first determine the mass of tin in the sample. This may be achieved by deducting the mass of the crucible, cover, and sample (21.76 g) from the mass of the empty crucible and cover (19.66 g).
This gives us a mass of 2.10 g of tin in the sample. The mass of oxygen in the sample must then be determined. To achieve this, we must deduct the mass of the crucible, cover, and sample (21.76 g) from the mass of the same components (22.29 g) prior to protracted heating. This provides us with an oxygen mass of 0.53 g.
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Given Equation (Balance it) :
C2H4O2 + NaHCO3 —> NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2
Word Problem:
If you have 100 mg of Acetic Acid (C2H4O2) and 10 mg of NaHCO3 (Sodium Bicarbonate), how many grams of CO2 can be produced ?
also determine the theoretical yield of the chemical reaction.
C₂H₄O₂ + NaHCO₃ —> NaC₂H₃O₂ + H₂O + CO₂ the amount of Carbon dioxide produced is 5.28 mg.
Is the reaction between acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate exothermic or endothermic?Water, CO₂ , and C₂H₃NaO₂ were produced when acetic acid and NaHCO₃ were combined. The chemistry is as follows: The reaction between vinegar and baking soda was endothermic.
Acetic acid: 2(12.01 g/mol) + 4(1.01 g/mol) + 2(16.00 g/mol)
= 60.05 g/mol
NaHCO₃ 22.99 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol + 3(16.00 g/mol)
= 84.01 g/mol
100 mg of Acetic acid is equal to 0.1 g, and 10 mg of NaHCO₃ is equal to 0.01 g.
Number of moles of Acetic acid = 0.1 g / 60.05 g/mol
= 0.00167 mol
Number of moles of NaHCO₃ = 0.01 g / 84.01 g/mol
= 0.00012 mol
Since NaHCO₃ has fewer moles, it is the limiting reactant.
Therefore, 0.00012 mol of NaHCO₃ will produce 0.00012 mol of CO₂
The mass of CO₂ produced can be calculated as follows:
Mass of CO₂ = Number of moles of CO₂ x Molar mass of CO₂
Mass of CO₂ = 0.00012 mol x 44.01 g/mol
= 0.00528 g or 5.28 mg
Therefore, the amount of CO₂ produced is 5.28 mg.
The theoretical yield of CO₂ is 0.00012 mol x 44.01 g/mol
= 0.00528 g or 5.28 mg.
This is equal to the actual yield of CO₂ produced.
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You react 0.017 mol of solid metal with HCl in a coffee cup calorimeter (reaction shown below). The calorimeter has 100 mL of water in it, and the temperature of the water increases by 3.81°C. The calorimeter has a heat capacity of 40.4 J/°C. What is the enthalpy of the reaction in terms of kJ per mol of the metal (your answer should be NEGATIVE, remember to convert from J to kJ, specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g-°C)?
M(s) + 2 HCl (aq) MCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
M = metal
How many moles are in 28g of CO2?
Answer:
0.636 moles of CO2
Explanation:
The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol (12.01 g/mol for one carbon atom and 2 x 16.00 g/mol for two oxygen atoms). To find the number of moles in 28g of CO2, you can divide the mass by the molar mass: 28g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.636 moles of CO2.
WHEN SOME PEOPLE HAVE AN UPSET STOMACH, THEY TAKE A SODA TABLET LIKE
TUMS TO NEUTRALIZE THEIR STOMACH ACID.
THE REACTION IS HYDROCHLORIC ACID PLUS SODIUM BICARBONATE MAKES SALT,
CARBON DIOXIDE (THAT'S WHY SOME PEOPLE BURP) AND WATER.
HOW MUCH CARBON DIOXIDE AND SALT (IN GRAMS) ARE PRODUCED IF A 2 GRAM
TABLET OF SODIUM BICARBONATE IS TAKEN TO REACT WITH 18 GRAMS OF
HYDROCHLORIC ACID?
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium bicarbonate [tex](NaHCO_3)[/tex] is:
[tex]HCl + NaHCO_3\ - > NaCl + CO_2 + H_2O[/tex]
The coefficients in the balanced equation show that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] to produce 1 mole of NaCl, 1 mole of [tex]CO_2[/tex], and 1 mole of [tex]H_2O[/tex]. We need to find the number of moles of [tex](NaHCO_3)[/tex] present in the tablet.
2 grams of [tex]NaHCO_3[/tex] is equivalent to 0.02 moles, and 18 grams of HCl is equivalent to 0.45 moles. Since [tex](NaHCO_3)[/tex] is limiting reagent, only 0.02 moles of NaCl and [tex]CO_2[/tex] will be produced. The molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 44 g/mol, so the mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] produced is 0.88 g. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol, mass of NaCl produced is 1.17 g.
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The volume of ammonia needed to react completely with 30 Liters of NO at STP is 45 L.
What is the volume of ammonia required in the reaction?
The volume of ammonia needed to react completely with 30 Liters of NO at STP is calculated as follows;
4NH₃ + 6NO → 5N₂ + 6H₂O
From the reaction given above, we can see that;
4 moles of ammonia ------------> 6 moles of NO
ratio = 4 : 6
The volume of ammonia required is calculated as;
4 -------------- > 6
30 L -----------> ?
? = (30 L x 6 ) / 4
? = 45 L
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A 50.0-g sample of water at 25.0°C is mixed with 29.0 g of water at 65.0°C. The final temperature of the water is ________°C.
Answer:
39.7
Explanation:
Therefore, the final temperature of the water is 39.7°C.
If an atom loses an electron, what will its resulting charge be?
Answer:
If an atom loses or gains electrons, it will become a positively or negatively charged particle, called an ion. The loss of one or more electrons results in more protons than electrons and an overall positively charged ion, called a cation.
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Convert the following number
into correct scientific notation.
0.0602 x 10^25
[ ? ] × 10 [ ? ]
The number is converted to 60. 2 × 10²²
What are index forms?Index forms are simply described as mathematical forms that are used in the representation of numbers that are too small or too large in more convenient forms.
These index forms are also referred to as scientific notation or standard forms.
Some rules of index forms are;
Add the exponents when multiplying forms of the same basesSubtract the exponents when dividing forms of the same basesFrom the information given, we have that;
0. 0602 × 10 ²⁵
Subtract three from the exponent value and move three spaces right, we have;
60. 2 × 10²⁵⁻³
60. 2 × 10²²
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Mark needs to determine how much the temperature of a solution changes during a chemical reaction. Which tool does he need?
Mark would need a thermometer to determine the temperature change of a solution during a chemical reaction. A thermometer is a tool used to measure temperature and can be used to monitor and record changes in temperature during a chemical reaction. So the answer is thermometer .
There are different types of thermometers, such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, bimetallic strip thermometers, digital thermometers, and infrared thermometers, among others. The choice of thermometer depends on the specific requirements of the experiment or process being carried out.
By measuring the initial and final temperatures of the solution before and after the chemical reaction, Mark can determine the temperature change, which is an important parameter in many chemical reactions as it provides information about the heat energy involved in the reaction, and helps in understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process. Therefore the answer is thermometer .
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Balance:
2. K₂O + H₂O → KOH
3.F₂ +NaBr-NaF + Br₂
4.Ba(CIO3) → BaCl2 + O2
*
5.SrBr₂ + (NH4)2CO3 → SrCO3 + NH4Br
6. C8H18 + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
What is the reactions to these?
the balanced equation and there reactions are as follow:
K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
The reaction between potassium oxide and water produces potassium hydroxide (KOH).
F₂ + 2NaBr → 2NaF + Br₂
The reaction between fluorine gas and sodium bromide produces sodium fluoride and bromine.
2Ba(CIO3)₂ → 2BaCl₂ + 3O₂
The decomposition of barium chlorate produces barium chloride and oxygen gas.
SrBr₂ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → SrCO₃ + 2NH₄Br
The reaction between strontium bromide and ammonium carbonate produces strontium carbonate and ammonium bromide.
C₈H₁₈ + 12O₂ → 8CO₂ + 9H₂O
The combustion of octane with oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water.
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The correct molar mass for nickel chloride is 94.14 g/mol (option C).
How to calculate molar mass?Molar mass is the mass of a given substance divided by its amount, measured in moles. It is commonly expressed in grams (sometimes kilograms) per mole.
The molar mass of a substance can be calculated by summing up the atomic masses of the element components.
According to this question, the atomic mass of nickel is 58.693 amu while that of chlorine gas is 35.45 amu. The molar mass of nickel chloride can be calculated as follows;
molar mass = 35.45 amu + 58.693 amu = 94.14 g/mol
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The table below shows the vapor pressure of water at various temperatures.
Temp(degC) Vapor Pressure (mmHg)
17
14.5
18
15.5
19
16.5
20
17.5
21
18.7
22
19.8
During an experiment 675 mL of helium gas is collected over water at 22 degC. The air pressure in the lab is 0.926 atm. What is the partial pressure of the dry helium collected?
The partial pressure of the Helium gas is 0.9 atm.
What is the partial pressure of gas collected over water?The pressure that a gas exerts on its own when it is collected over water, independent of the pressure that the water vapor in the collecting vessel also produces, is known as its partial pressure.
When gas is collected over water, some of the water vapor will dissolve in it and change the overall pressure in the collecting vessel. Water vapor has its own partial pressure, which is affected by the relative humidity and temperature of the air around it. This is why it behaves in this way.
We have that;
Vapor pressure of the gas = 19.8 mmHg or 0.026 atm
Partial pressure of the Helium gas = 0.926 atm - 0.026 atm
= 0.9 atm
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What is the minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate CaF2 from a 5.25 x 10-3 M solution of Ca(NO3)2? Ksp of CaF2 = 3.9 x 10-11
The minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex] from a [tex]5.25 * 10^{-3}[/tex] M solution of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] is [tex]6.09 * 10^{-5}[/tex] M.
The solubility product expression for [tex]CaF_2[/tex] is:
[tex]Ksp = [Ca_2^+}][F^-]^2[/tex]
We can use this expression to find the minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex] from a [tex]5.25 * 10^{-3} M[/tex] solution of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex].
First, we need to determine the initial concentration of [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] ions in solution. Since [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] dissociates into two [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] ions and two [tex]NO_3^-[/tex]ions, the initial concentration of [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] ions is:
[tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] = [tex]2 * 5.25 * 10^{-3} M = 1.05 * 10^{-2} M[/tex]
Next, we can use the solubility product expression to solve for the minimum concentration of fluoride ions required to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex]:
Ksp = [[tex]Ca_2^+[/tex]][tex][F^-]^2[/tex]
[tex]3.9 * 10^{-11} = (1.05 * 10^{-2} M)([F^-]^2)[/tex]
[tex][F^-]^2 = (3.9 * 10^{-11})/(1.05 * 10^{-2} M) = 3.71 * 10^{-9}[/tex]
[tex][F^-] = \sqrt{(3.71 * 10^{-9}) } = 6.09 * 10^{-5} M[/tex]
Therefore, the minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex] from a [tex]5.25 * 10^{-3}[/tex] M solution of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] is [tex]6.09 * 10^{-5}[/tex]M.
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A sample of an ideal gas has a volume of 3.75 L
at 10.60 ∘C
and 1.80 atm.
What is the volume of the gas at 23.20 ∘C
and 0.990 atm?
The volume of the gas at 23.20∘C and 0.990 atm is 7.12L.
How to calculate volume?The volume of a gas can be calculated using the combined gas law equation as follows;
PaVa/Ta = PbVb/Tb
Where;
Pa, Va and Ta = initial pressure, volume and temperature respectively Pb, Vb and Tb = final pressure, volume and temperature respectivelyAccording to this question, a sample of an ideal gas initially has a volume of 3.75 L at 10.60 ∘C and 1.80 atm. The resulting volume can be calculated as follows;
1.8 × 3.75/283.6 = 0.990 × Vb/296.2
0.0238 × 296.2 = 0.990Vb
Vb = 7.0498 ÷ 0.990
Vb = 7.12L
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oxygen at 1mole and 0°c has a density of 14,290g/k ,find the root mean squared velocity of molecules??
The root mean squared velocity of molecules is 461.15 m/s
The root-mean square (RMS) velocity is the value of the square root of the sum of the squares of the stacking velocity values divided by the number of values.
The root-mean-square speed addresses both molecular weight and temperature, two parameters that have a direct influence on a material’s kinetic energy. The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which is the foundation of gas kinetic theory, defines the speed distribution for gas at a specific temperature.
Given,
Pressure = 1 atm = 101300 Pa
Density = 1.4290 kg/m³
c = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{3P}{d} }[/tex]
c = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{303900}{1.4290} }[/tex]
c = 461.15 m/s
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The hypochlorite ion, ClO-, is the active ingredient in bleach. The perchlorate ion, ClO4-, is a main component of rocket propellants. Draw Lewis structures for both ions.
(a) What is the formal charge of Cl in the hypochlorite ion?
(b) What is the formal charge of Cl in the perchlorate ion, assuming the ClㅡO bonds are all single bonds?
(c) What is the oxidation number of Cl in the hypochlorite ion?
(d) What is the oxidation number of Cl in the perchlorate ion, assuming the ClㅡO bonds are all single bonds?
(e) In a redox reaction, which ion would you expect to be more easily reduced?
(a) The formal charge of Cl in the hypochlorite ion (ClO-) is +1.
(b) The formal charge of Cl in the perchlorate ion (ClO4-) with single bonds is +3.
How to solveFor chlorine (Cl):
Valence electrons: 7
Non-bonding electrons: 6 (3 lone pairs)
Bonding electrons: 2 (1 single bond with oxygen)
Formal charge of Cl = 7 - 6 - (1/2 * 2) = 7 - 6 - 1 = +1
Hence, the formal charge of Cl in the hypochlorite ion is +1.
(c) The oxidation number of Cl in the hypochlorite ion is +1.
(d) The oxidation number of Cl in the perchlorate ion with single bonds is +7.
(e) In a redox reaction, the hypochlorite ion (ClO-) would be more easily reduced because it has a lower oxidation number (+1) compared to the perchlorate ion (+7).
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Macmillan Learning Determine the formal charge on each atom in the structure. H H-B-H H What is the overall charge on the structure? -2 +1 Answer Bank +2 +3 -3 -4 +4 0
The overall charge on the structure is negative one (-1).
The central boron atom in the structure is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Boron has three valence electrons, and it has formed only two bonds, so it has a formal charge of +1.
Each of the hydrogen atoms has one valence electron, and each is bonded to the boron atom, so each hydrogen atom has a formal charge of -1. The sum of the formal charges in the structure is equal to the charge of the ion, which is -2. Adding up the formal charges of the atoms, we get:
B: +1
H: -1 (two times)
Overall charge = sum of formal charges = +1 - 1 - 1 = -1
Therefore, the overall charge on the structure is negative one (-1).
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Which statement BEST describes the three enzymes? A The enzymes have different structures because they have a different sequence of amino acids. B The enzymes have the same sequence of amino acids because they are all digestive enzymes. C The enzymes perform different functions because they have the same sequence of amino acids. D The enzymes break down the same molecules because they have a different sequence of amino acids.
The best statement that describes the three enzymes is: The enzymes have different structures because they have a different sequence of amino acids. Opton A is correct.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are proteins, and their function is determined by their three-dimensional structure, which is determined by the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.
In this scenario, the three enzymes have different structures, which suggests that they have a different sequence of amino acids. This difference in amino acid sequence results in different folding patterns and ultimately different shapes of the enzymes. The specific shape of an enzyme determines its ability to catalyze a particular chemical reaction. Hence, the different structures of these enzymes indicate that they may perform different functions or catalyze different chemical reactions.
Option A, "The enzymes have different structures because they have a different sequence of amino acids," is the correct answer as it aligns with the fundamental principle of protein structure and function.
Option B, "The enzymes have the same sequence of amino acids because they are all digestive enzymes," is incorrect because enzymes can have different sequences of amino acids even if they perform the same function.
Option C, "The enzymes perform different functions because they have the same sequence of amino acids," is incorrect because the sequence of amino acids determines the enzyme's structure and thus its function.
Option D, "The enzymes break down the same molecules because they have a different sequence of amino acids," is also incorrect because different amino acid sequences can result in different substrate specificity, which means that the enzymes can break down different molecules. Therefore option A is correct.
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1. Explain the difference in
Variation of molar conductivity
with dillusion for strong___
electrolyte and weak electrolyte
-
Explain molar Conductivity at
infinite dillusion...
Derive the expression for
dillusion law
For strong electrolytes, molar conductivity decreases as the solution is diluted because the concentration of ions decreases.
For weak electrolytes, molar conductivity increases as the solution is diluted because as the solution is diluted, the concentration of ions increases.
The expression for the dilution law is A = εcb
What is molar conductivity?The conductivity of a solution containing one mole of an electrolyte when placed between two electrodes spaced one centimeter apart is known as the molar conductivity of the electrolyte. The strength of the electrolyte affects how molar conductivity changes with dilution.
At infinite dilution, the molar conductivity of an electrolyte reaches its maximum value because the electrolyte's ions are so far apart that they no longer interact with one another.
The dilution law or Beer-Lambert law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution and the path length of the light through the solution.
A ∝ cb
Adding a proportionality constant gives:
A = εcb
where;
A is absorbanceε is a constant known as the molar absorptivityc is concentrationb is the path lengthLearn more about molar conductivity at: https://brainly.com/question/26097545
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