How does the presence of coal in Antarctica support Wegener's continental drift hypothesis?

To identify the unknown alkene based on its H NMR spectrum, a qualified organic chemist would need to analyze the chemical shifts, integration values, and splitting patterns of the peaks in the spectrum, and compare them with known reference data and other spectroscopic techniques (such as C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry) to make an accurate determination.

The alkene is likely to be a symmetrical alkene with two equivalent methyl groups attached to the double bond. This can be seen from the singlet at 1.7 ppm, which is characteristic of a methyl group, appearing twice in the spectrum. The ozonolysis of the alkene would lead to the formation of two carbonyl compounds, which are then oxidized to carboxylic acids under the given oxidizing conditions. Therefore, the alkene in question is likely to be cis-2-butene.

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The correct molar mass for nickel chloride is 94.14 g/mol (option C).

Molar mass is the mass of a given substance divided by its amount, measured in moles. It is commonly expressed in grams (sometimes kilograms) per mole.

The molar mass of a substance can be calculated by summing up the atomic masses of the element components.

According to this question, the atomic mass of nickel is 58.693 amu while that of chlorine gas is 35.45 amu. The molar mass of nickel chloride can be calculated as follows;

molar mass = 35.45 amu + 58.693 amu = 94.14 g/mol

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For strong electrolytes, molar conductivity decreases as the solution is diluted because the concentration of ions decreases.

For weak electrolytes, molar conductivity increases as the solution is diluted because as the solution is diluted, the concentration of ions increases.

The expression for the dilution law is A = εcb

The conductivity of a solution containing one mole of an electrolyte when placed between two electrodes spaced one centimeter apart is known as the molar conductivity of the electrolyte. The strength of the electrolyte affects how molar conductivity changes with dilution.

At infinite dilution, the molar conductivity of an electrolyte reaches its maximum value because the electrolyte's ions are so far apart that they no longer interact with one another.

The dilution law or Beer-Lambert law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution and the path length of the light through the solution.

A ∝ cb

Adding a proportionality constant gives:

A = εcb

where;

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Answer:

9. B

10. Loses

Explanation:

9. Conduction is The procedure by which thermal energy or electricity is directly transported through a substance without the material moving when there is a variance in temperature between adjacent parts. Only choice B shows this process.

10. In exothermic reactions, energy/heat is lost. Exothermic reactions are characterized by a negative delta H, such as the delta H for the reaction show.

The molar volume of a gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume of the gas in liters (L), n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin (K).

To solve for the molar volume of CO2 at 39°C (312 K) and 652 torr (0.859 atm), we can rearrange the ideal gas law as follows:

V = (nRT) / P

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of CO2. We can use the following equation, which relates the pressure, volume, number of moles, and temperature of a gas:

PV = nRT

Solving for n, we get:

n = (PV) / (RT)

Substituting the given values, we get:

n = (0.859 atm * V) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 312 K)

Now we can substitute this expression for n into the equation for the molar volume:

V = (nRT) / P

V = [(0.859 atm * V) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 312 K)] * (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K * 312 K) / (0.859 atm)

Simplifying, we get:

V = 24.45 L/mol

Therefore, the molar volume of CO2 at 39°C and 652 torr is 24.45 L/mol.

The volume of ammonia needed to react completely with 30 Liters of NO at STP is 45 L.

The volume of ammonia needed to react completely with 30 Liters of NO at STP is calculated as follows;

4NH₃  + 6NO    →   5N₂   +  6H₂O

From the reaction given above, we can see that;

4 moles of ammonia ------------> 6 moles of NO

ratio = 4 : 6

The volume of ammonia required is calculated as;

4 -------------- > 6

30 L -----------> ?

? = (30 L x 6 ) / 4

? = 45 L

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The given reaction equation tells us that for every 1 mol of C₅H₁₂, 5 moles of CO₂ will be produced. Since 8.25 mol of C₅H₁₂ is given, 8.25 mol C₅H₁₂ x 5 moles CO₂/1 mol C₅H₁₂ = 41.25 moles CO₂ will be produced.

Reaction is the process of responding to an event or stimulus in a particular way. It can occur at the physical, cognitive, or emotional level. Physically, a reaction could be as simple as a reflex or as complex as a multi-step process. Cognitively, it could involve forming a judgment or understanding. Emotionally, it could involve feelings of fear, shock, anger, or joy. In the context of science, reactions are often chemical or physical processes that involve the conversion of one set of substances into another.

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Answer:

39.7

Explanation:

Therefore, the final temperature of the water is 39.7°C.

The correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used, given that the student uses 0.100 mole of ammonium acetate in the reaction is 6.022×10²² molecules

The following data were obtained from the reaction:

The correct number of molecules of ammonium acetate used can be obtained as shown below:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of ammonium acetate = 6.022×10²³ molecules

Therefore,

0.1 mole of ammonium acetate = 0.1 × 6.022×10²³

0.1 mole of ammonium acetate = 6.022×10²² molecules

Thus, the number of molecules of ammonium acetate used is 6.022×10²² molecules

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the balanced equation and there reactions are as follow:

K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH

The reaction between potassium oxide and water produces potassium hydroxide (KOH).

F₂ + 2NaBr → 2NaF + Br₂

The reaction between fluorine gas and sodium bromide produces sodium fluoride and bromine.

2Ba(CIO3)₂ → 2BaCl₂ + 3O₂

The decomposition of barium chlorate produces barium chloride and oxygen gas.

SrBr₂ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → SrCO₃ + 2NH₄Br

The reaction between strontium bromide and ammonium carbonate produces strontium carbonate and ammonium bromide.

C₈H₁₈ + 12O₂ → 8CO₂ + 9H₂O

The combustion of octane with oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water.

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The pressure of N₂ gas produced when 42.57 g of NH₃ is reacted with excess NO in a sealed container is 4.95 atm

First, we shall determine the mole of 42.57 g of NH₃ that reacted. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of NH₃ = 42.57 / 1 7

Mole of NH₃ = 2.50 moles

Next, we shall determine the mole of N₂ gas produced. Details below:

4NH₃ + 6NO -> 5N₂ + 6H₂O

From the balanced equation above,

4 moles of NH₃ reacted to produced 5 moles of N₂

Therefore,

2.50 moles of NH₃ will react to produce = (2.5 × 5) / 4 = 3.125 moles of N₂

Finally, we shall determine the pressure of N₂ gas produced. This is shown below:

PV = nRT

P × 28 = 3.125 × 0.0821 × 540

Divide both sides by 28

P = (3.125 × 0.0821 × 540) / 28

P = 4.95 atm

Thus, we can conclude that the pressure of N₂ gas produced is 4.95 atm

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Answer:

zn + Hcl cual es su rreaccion

The best statement that describes the three enzymes is: The enzymes have different structures because they have a different sequence of amino acids. Opton A is correct.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are proteins, and their function is determined by their three-dimensional structure, which is determined by the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.

In this scenario, the three enzymes have different structures, which suggests that they have a different sequence of amino acids. This difference in amino acid sequence results in different folding patterns and ultimately different shapes of the enzymes. The specific shape of an enzyme determines its ability to catalyze a particular chemical reaction. Hence, the different structures of these enzymes indicate that they may perform different functions or catalyze different chemical reactions.

Option A, "The enzymes have different structures because they have a different sequence of amino acids," is the correct answer as it aligns with the fundamental principle of protein structure and function.

Option B, "The enzymes have the same sequence of amino acids because they are all digestive enzymes," is incorrect because enzymes can have different sequences of amino acids even if they perform the same function.

Option C, "The enzymes perform different functions because they have the same sequence of amino acids," is incorrect because the sequence of amino acids determines the enzyme's structure and thus its function.

Option D, "The enzymes break down the same molecules because they have a different sequence of amino acids," is also incorrect because different amino acid sequences can result in different substrate specificity, which means that the enzymes can break down different molecules. Therefore option A is correct.

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79.8L is the volume for 5.00 mol of an ideal gas occupy at 25 C and 153 kPa of pressure.

A measurement of three-dimensional space is volume. It is frequently expressed quantitatively using SI-derived units, like the cubic metre or litre, or different imperial or US-standard units, including the gallon, quart and cubic inch. Volume and length (cubed) have a symbiotic relationship. A container's capacity is typically thought of as being represented by its volume.

P×V = n×R×T    

153000×V = 5×0.082×298

V= 79.8L

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The root mean squared velocity of molecules is 461.15 m/s

The root-mean square (RMS) velocity is the value of the square root of the sum of the squares of the stacking velocity values divided by the number of values.

The root-mean-square speed addresses both molecular weight and temperature, two parameters that have a direct influence on a material’s kinetic energy. The Maxwell-Boltzmann equation, which is the foundation of gas kinetic theory, defines the speed distribution for gas at a specific temperature.

Given,

Pressure = 1 atm = 101300 Pa

Density = 1.4290 kg/m³

c = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{3P}{d} }[/tex]

c = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{303900}{1.4290} }[/tex]

c = 461.15 m/s

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Answer:

Leaves are green due to the presence of an organelle chloroplast (in abundance) which contains the pigment chlorophyll

Explanation:

Now saying chlorophyll pigment  is a green pigment might be slightly incorrect. The two famous types (Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b) only absorb red and blue light from the atmosphere and reflect green light hence giving the pigment a green appearance and lastly giving the leaves a green color too

Answer:

Chlorophyll

Explanation:

Plants are often seen as green to the human eye due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs light in the red and blue-violet parts of the spectrum, but reflects or transmits green light, resulting in the characteristic green color of leaves.

Solutions of [tex]Pb(NO_3)^2[/tex] and [tex]NaCl[/tex]  are combined, resulting in concentration of 0.0050 M [tex]Pb(NO_3)^2[/tex] and 0.0025 M [tex]NaCl[/tex] immediately upon mixing. The correct description of the final solution, given that the Ksp of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] is 1.70×10^-5 is All solutes remain soluble. The correct answer is option A

Upon mixing [tex]Pb(NO_3)^2[/tex] and [tex]NaCl[/tex] , the following reaction occurs:

[tex]Pb(NO_3)^2[/tex] + [tex]2NaCl[/tex]  → [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] +[tex]2NaNO_3[/tex]

Using the given concentrations of the reactants, the reaction quotient Qc can be calculated as:

Qc =[tex][Pb^2^+][Cl^-]^2[/tex] = [tex](0.0050 M)(0.0025 M)^2[/tex]  

Qc [tex]= 3.13[/tex] × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Comparing Qc to the solubility product constant (Ksp) of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] , we see that Qc < Ksp. This indicates that the system is not at equilibrium and more [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] can dissolve before the product reaches saturation.

Therefore, no precipitation of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] will occur, and option A is the correct answer: all solutes remain soluble.

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The volume of the gas at 23.20∘C and 0.990 atm is 7.12L.

The volume of a gas can be calculated using the combined gas law equation as follows;

PaVa/Ta = PbVb/Tb

Where;

According to this question, a sample of an ideal gas initially has a volume of 3.75 L at 10.60 ∘C and 1.80 atm. The resulting volume can be calculated as follows;

1.8 × 3.75/283.6 = 0.990 × Vb/296.2

0.0238 × 296.2 = 0.990Vb

Vb = 7.0498 ÷ 0.990

Vb = 7.12L

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The triacylglycerol depicted may be converted to a saturated fat by adding two hydrogen atoms (H2) to each carbon-carbon double bond. Six hydrogen atoms (H2) are required to convert the three carbon-carbon double bonds in triacylglycerol into saturated fat.

This is so that the triacylglycerol may be converted to a saturated fat by using hydrogen molecules (H2) to saturate the double bonds.

Triacylglycerol's physical characteristics, such as its melting point, will similarly be altered by the addition of hydrogen molecules (H2), making it more solid at normal temperature.

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The problem requires the calculation of the volume of carbon dioxide produced at STP when 587 mol of octane combusts; ,therefore, the volume of CO₂ produced at 36.0 °C and 0.995 atm is approximately 124,700 L.

The ideal gas law is given by:

PV = nRT

P is the pressure in atm, V is the volume in L, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in K.

587 mol octane × (16 mol CO₂/2 mol octane) = 4696 mol CO2

Next, one can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced at 36.0 °C and 0.995 atm. Then one needs to convert the temperature to kelvin by adding 273.15:

T = 36.0 °C + 273.15 = 309.15 K

Substituting the values into the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

V = nRT/P

V = (4696 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(309.15 K)/(0.995 atm)

V ≈ 124,700 L

Therefore, the volume of CO2 produced at 36.0 °C and 0.995 atm is approximately 124,700 L.

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Hydrazine, reacts with the oxygen to form the nitrogen gas and the water. The percent yield of the reaction is 3.18 %.

The balanced reaction is :

N₂H₄  + O₂  --->  N₂ + 2H₂O

The mass of the N₂H₄  = 3.55 g

The moles of N₂H₄ = mass / molar mass

The moles of N₂H₄ = 3.55 / 32

The moles of N₂H₄ = 0.110 mol

The theoretical yield = 0.110 mol × 28 g/mol

The theoretical yield = 3.08 g

The gas equation is :

P V = n R T

n = P V / R T

n = (1 × 0.850 ) / ( 0.0823 ×295 )

n = 0.0035 mol

The actual yield = 0.0035 × 28

The actual yield = 0.098 g

The percent yield = ( 0.098 / 3.08 ) × 100 %

The percent yield = 3.18 %.

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The aluminum block absorbed 0.875 kJ of heat energy when it was dropped into the coffee.

let's calculate the heat lost by the coffee when it is cooled from its initial temperature of 90.0°C to its final temperature of 55.0°C:

Q1 = m1 * C1 * (90.0°C - 55.0°C)

Q1 = 850 g * 4.184 J/g °C * (90.0°C - 55.0°C)

Q1 = 125660 J

where m1 is the mass of the coffee, C1 is the specific heat of water.

Next, let's calculate the heat gained by the aluminum block when it is heated from 4.4°C to the final temperature of the mixture, which is 55.0°C:

Q2 = m2 * C2 * (55.0°C - 4.4°C)

Q2 = 18 g * 0.89 J/g °C * (55.0°C - 4.4°C)

Q2 = 875.16 J

where m2 is the mass of the aluminum block, and C2 is the specific heat of aluminum.

Since the energy lost by the coffee is gained by the aluminum block, we can set Q1 equal to Q2:

Q1 = Q2

125660 J = 875.16 J + m2 * C2 * (55.0°C - 4.4°C)

Solving for m2, we get:

m2 = (125660 J - 875.16 J) / (0.89 J/g °C * (55.0°C - 4.4°C))

m2 = 152.2 g

Therefore, the mass of the aluminum block that was dropped into the coffee is 152.2 g. To calculate the heat energy absorbed by the aluminum block, we can use the heat gained by the aluminum block that we calculated earlier:

Q2 = 875.16 J

Converting this to kJ, we get:

Q2 = 0.875 kJ

Therefore, the aluminum block absorbed 0.875 kJ of heat energy when it was dropped into the coffee.

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The minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex] from a [tex]5.25 * 10^{-3}[/tex] M solution of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] is [tex]6.09 * 10^{-5}[/tex] M.

The solubility product expression for [tex]CaF_2[/tex] is:

[tex]Ksp = [Ca_2^+}][F^-]^2[/tex]

We can use this expression to find the minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex] from a [tex]5.25 * 10^{-3} M[/tex] solution of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex].

First, we need to determine the initial concentration of [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] ions in solution. Since [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] dissociates into two [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] ions and two [tex]NO_3^-[/tex]ions, the initial concentration of [tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] ions is:

[tex]Ca_2^+[/tex] = [tex]2 * 5.25 * 10^{-3} M = 1.05 * 10^{-2} M[/tex]

Next, we can use the solubility product expression to solve for the minimum concentration of fluoride ions required to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex]:

Ksp = [[tex]Ca_2^+[/tex]][tex][F^-]^2[/tex]

[tex]3.9 * 10^{-11} = (1.05 * 10^{-2} M)([F^-]^2)[/tex]

[tex][F^-]^2 = (3.9 * 10^{-11})/(1.05 * 10^{-2} M) = 3.71 * 10^{-9}[/tex]

[tex][F^-] = \sqrt{(3.71 * 10^{-9}) } = 6.09 * 10^{-5} M[/tex]

Therefore, the minimum concentration of fluoride ions necessary to precipitate [tex]CaF_2[/tex] from a [tex]5.25 * 10^{-3}[/tex] M solution of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] is [tex]6.09 * 10^{-5}[/tex]M.

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Five types of begging the question include: Circular reasoning, Loaded question, False analogy,  Suppressed evidence and Appeal to authority.

Begging the question is a logical fallacy that occurs when someone assumes the truth of a premise in their argument, without providing evidence or proof. There are several types of begging the question:

1. Circular reasoning: This occurs when someone uses their conclusion as one of their premises, essentially assuming what they are trying to prove.
Example: "God exists because the Bible says so, and the Bible is the word of God."

2. Loaded question: This occurs when someone asks a question that assumes a particular answer or perspective.
Example: "Have you stopped beating your spouse yet?" This question assumes that the person being asked was previously beating their spouse.

3. False analogy: This occurs when someone uses an analogy that is not relevant or applicable to the argument at hand.
Example: "Banning guns is like banning cars because both can be used to kill people." This analogy is false because cars have a primary function of transportation, whereas guns have a primary function of killing.

4. Suppressed evidence: This occurs when someone ignores or dismisses evidence that contradicts their argument.
Example: "I don't believe in climate change because it's cold outside today." This argument suppresses evidence that shows long-term trends of warming temperatures.

5. Appeal to authority: This occurs when someone uses an authority figure or expert as evidence, without providing any other support for their argument.
Example: "Dr. Smith says that this diet is the best for losing weight, so it must be true." This argument appeals to Dr. Smith's authority without providing any evidence or research to support the claim.

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The overall charge on the structure is negative one (-1).

The central boron atom in the structure is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Boron has three valence electrons, and it has formed only two bonds, so it has a formal charge of +1.

Each of the hydrogen atoms has one valence electron, and each is bonded to the boron atom, so each hydrogen atom has a formal charge of -1. The sum of the formal charges in the structure is equal to the charge of the ion, which is -2. Adding up the formal charges of the atoms, we get:

B: +1

H: -1 (two times)

Overall charge = sum of formal charges = +1 - 1 - 1 = -1

Therefore, the overall charge on the structure is negative one (-1).

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(a) The formal charge of Cl in the hypochlorite ion (ClO-) is +1.

(b) The formal charge of Cl in the perchlorate ion (ClO4-) with single bonds is +3.

For chlorine (Cl):

Valence electrons: 7

Non-bonding electrons: 6 (3 lone pairs)

Bonding electrons: 2 (1 single bond with oxygen)

Formal charge of Cl = 7 - 6 - (1/2 * 2) = 7 - 6 - 1 = +1

Hence, the formal charge of Cl in the hypochlorite ion is +1.

(c) The oxidation number of Cl in the hypochlorite ion is +1.

(d) The oxidation number of Cl in the perchlorate ion with single bonds is +7.

(e) In a redox reaction, the hypochlorite ion (ClO-) would be more easily reduced because it has a lower oxidation number (+1) compared to the perchlorate ion (+7).

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Answer:

0.636 moles of CO2

Explanation:

The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol (12.01 g/mol for one carbon atom and 2 x 16.00 g/mol for two oxygen atoms). To find the number of moles in 28g of CO2, you can divide the mass by the molar mass: 28g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.636 moles of CO2.