A student in the lab accidentally poured 26 ml of water into a graduated cylinder containing 16 ml of 4.0 m hcl. The concentration of the new solution is 1.52 M.
To calculate the new concentration, we need to first calculate the new volume of the solution after the addition of water.
The initial volume of HCl is 16 mL, and the volume of water added is 26 mL. Therefore, the total volume of the solution is:
16 mL + 26 mL = 42 mL
To calculate the new concentration, we can use the formula:
C1V1 = C2V2
where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the new concentration, and V2 is the new volume.
Plugging in the values we have:
C1 = 4.0 M
V1 = 16 mL
V2 = 42 mL
C2 = (C1V1) / V2
C2 = (4.0 M * 16 mL) / 42 mL
C2 = 1.52 M
Therefore, the new concentration of the solution is 1.52 M.
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In terms of chemical bonding, explain the difference in the rate of sugar & acid reaction to the reaction between KI(aq) and Pb(NO₃)₂(aq)
The difference in the rate of sugar and acid reaction to the reaction between KI(aq) and Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) can be explained by the type of chemical bonding present in each case. In the case of sugar and acid, the reaction is a covalent bond breaking and forming process that occurs gradually and can take time to complete.
Covalent bonds are relatively strong and require more energy to break, which can result in slower reaction rates.
On the other hand, the reaction between KI(aq) and Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) involves the formation and breaking of ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are relatively weaker than covalent bonds and require less energy to break, resulting in faster reaction rates.
Additionally, the presence of water in the reaction between KI(aq) and Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) can also speed up the reaction by facilitating the movement of ions and increasing their collision frequency.
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What is the volume of a 2. 00 M solution that contains 3. 75 moles of solute?
The volume of a 2.00 M solution that contains 3.75 moles of solute can be calculated using the formula V = n/C, where V is the volume of the solution, n is the number of moles of solute, and C is the concentration of the solution in units of M (moles per liter).
Plugging in the given values, we get V = 3.75 moles / 2.00 M = 1.88 L. Therefore, the volume of the solution is 1.88 liters. In 100 words, the volume of a solution can be determined by knowing the amount of solute present and the concentration of the solution.
This is because the concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution. Using the formula for concentration, we can determine the amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution.
Then, by rearranging the formula to solve for volume, we can determine the volume of the solution required to dissolve a specific amount of solute.
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Why is there no relation between reactant and product molecules in redox reactions
Answer:
Explanation:
In redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions, the transfer of electrons between species occurs. As a result, the number of atoms and molecules of the reactants and products can be different. This is because, during the reaction, electrons can be gained or lost by the atoms, leading to the formation of new species with different numbers of atoms.
For example, consider the reaction between copper and silver ions in a solution:
Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
In this reaction, one copper atom reacts with two silver ions to form one copper ion and two silver atoms. The number of reactant molecules does not necessarily match the number of product molecules.
Therefore, in redox reactions, the relationship between reactant and product molecules is not necessarily direct, and the number of atoms or molecules in the reactants and products can be different due to electron transfer.
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Help what’s the answer?
The product is HI
There are six product molecule
Hydrogen is the limiting reactant
There is one iodine molecule in excess
How do you know limiting reactant?To determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction, you need to compare the number of moles of each reactant present to the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation.
The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, and which therefore limits the amount of product that can be formed. The other reactant, which is not completely consumed, is called the excess reactant.
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Metamorphic rock that breaks into sheets when broken
Metamorphic rock that breaks into sheets when broken is called "foliated metamorphic rock." Foliated metamorphic rocks are characterized by their layering or alignment of minerals, which occurs during the metamorphic process. This distinct feature makes it possible for the rocks to break along these layers, forming sheets when fractured.
The process of metamorphism, which involves the transformation of pre-existing rocks due to changes in temperature, pressure, or mineral composition, causes the minerals within the rock to reorient themselves. This reorientation leads to the alignment of minerals, creating a parallel orientation of platy or elongated minerals within the rock.
Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss. Slate, for instance, is derived from shale and is characterized by its fine-grained texture and well-defined cleavage, allowing it to break easily into thin sheets.
Phyllite, formed from slate, exhibits a slightly coarser texture and a glossy sheen due to the re-crystallization of its constituent minerals. Schist, a medium to coarse-grained rock, is characterized by its platy minerals like micas, which also contribute to its sheet-like breaking pattern. Lastly, gneiss, formed at even higher metamorphic grades, displays distinct banding due to the segregation of its minerals but may also break into sheets depending on the mineral alignment.
In summary, a metamorphic rock that breaks into sheets when broken is known as a foliated metamorphic rock. This unique property is a result of the alignment of minerals during the metamorphic process, creating distinct layers that allow the rock to fracture along these planes. Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss, each exhibiting varying degrees of foliation and textural features due to different metamorphic conditions.
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(01. 05 MC)
During an experiment a thermometer was placed in a beaker containing hydrogen peroxide. The following observations were recorded when yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide.
Observation 1: Fizzing and bubbling took place.
Observation 2: The temperature began to rise.
Based on the observation, justify the type of change (physical or chemical) that took place
When yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide, two observations were made: fizzing and bubbling took place, and the temperature began to rise. These observations suggest that a chemical change occurred.
Chemical changes involve a transformation of the molecular structure of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. In this case, the hydrogen peroxide likely reacted with the yeast granules to produce oxygen gas and water, which caused the fizzing and bubbling.
The increase in temperature may be a result of the energy released during the chemical reaction.
Physical changes, on the other hand, involve a change in the physical state or appearance of a substance, without any alteration to its molecular structure. For example, melting ice is a physical change, as the solid ice changes to liquid water, but the molecules themselves remain unchanged.
In summary, the observations of fizzing and bubbling, as well as the temperature increase, suggest that a chemical change occurred when yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide. This change likely involved the production of oxygen gas and water.
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Combustion of 13. 5 g of sample of an hydrocarbon yields 24. 41 g CO2 and 14. 49 g H2O. The molar mass of the compound is 246 g/mol. What are the empirical and molecular formulas?
1. Moles of CO₂ is 0.8047.
2. Moles of C is 1.6094.
3. C:H ratio is 1:3.
4. The Emperial formula is c6H6.
5. Emperical formula mass is 78g/mol.
1. Moles of CO₂ = 24.41 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.5548 mol; Moles of H₂O = 14.49 g / 18.02 g/mol = 0.8047 mol
2. Moles of C = 0.5548 mol (1 C atom in CO₂); Moles of H = 0.8047 mol * 2 (2 H atoms in H₂O) = 1.6094 mol
3. C:H ratio = 0.5548:1.6094 ≈ 1:3 (divide by smallest value), but 1:2.89 is closer, which gives a ratio of 6:6 (multiply by 3 to get whole numbers)
4. Empirical formula: C₆H₆
5. Empirical formula mass: (6 * 12.01) + (6 * 1.01) = 78 g/mol. Molecular formula: (246 g/mol) / (78 g/mol) = 3; C₆H₆ * 3 = C₁₂H₁₂ (molecular formula)
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I need help!
Describe the bonding in water molecule using VBT. Show the overlap of hybridized orbitals leading to the formation of H2O molecule. Account for the bond angle 104. 5°.
Answer:
In Valence Bond Theory (VBT), the water molecule is formed by overlapping of two hydrogen 1s orbitals with two hybridized oxygen orbitals. The oxygen atom in the water molecule has two unpaired electrons in two 2p orbitals and two paired electrons in two 2s orbitals. It hybridizes the 2s and 2p orbitals to form four hybridized sp3 orbitals. These four sp3 hybridized orbitals point towards the corners of a tetrahedron.
The two hybridized orbitals of oxygen containing unpaired electrons overlap with the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms. This overlapping results in the formation of two O-H sigma (σ) bonds. The two remaining hybridized orbitals containing the paired electrons do not participate in bond formation.
The bond angle in the water molecule is 104.5°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle (109.5°) because the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom exert greater repulsion than the two bonding pairs. This causes the bonding pairs to be pushed closer together, resulting in a smaller bond angle.
Describe the following mixtures by checking all of the terms that apply.
Cranberry juice smoke
THESE ARE THE ANSWERS!!!!!
The appropriate term for the following mixtures are;
Cranberry juice: homogeneous, solution Smoke: heterogeneous, colloidWhat is a mixture?A mixture is a substance made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.
The components of a mixture can be easily separated because each component keep their original properties or identity.
A homogenous mixture is a gaseous, liquid or solid mixture that has the same proportions of its components throughout a given sample e.g. juice while heterogenous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture e.g. smoke.
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Answer:
Its in my screenshot
Explanation:
How many moles of nitrogen gas will occupy a volume of 5L at 3. 85 atm and 27c?
The number of moles of nitrogen gas that will occupy a volume of 5L at 3.85 atm and 27°C is determined using the ideal gas law equation. After calculations, it is found to be approximately 0.7919 moles. Thus, 0.7919 moles of nitrogen gas occupy 5L at 3.85 atm and 27°C.
To calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas that will occupy a volume of 5L at 3.85 atm and 27°C, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure in atmospheres, V is the volume in liters, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/K·mol), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
T = 27°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K
Next, we can rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for the number of moles:
n = PV / RT
Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]n = \frac{{(3.85 \, \text{atm}) \cdot (5 \, \text{L})}}{{(0.08206 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm/K} \cdot \text{mol}) \cdot (300.15 \, \text{K})}}[/tex]
Simplifying the expression, we get:
n = 0.7919 moles
Therefore, 0.7919 moles of nitrogen gas will occupy a volume of 5L at 3.85 atm and 27°C.
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A cylinder of Krypton has contains 17 L of Ar at 22. 8 atm and 112 degrees celsisus. How many moles are in the cylinder?
The number of moles of krypton in a cylinder containing 17 L of krypton at 22.8 atm and 112 degrees Celsius is 6.47 moles.
There seems to be a typo in the question as it states that the cylinder contains Argon (Ar) but then asks for the number of moles of Krypton (Kr). Assuming the gas in the cylinder is Krypton, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure in atm, V is the volume in liters, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.082 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
T = 112°C + 273.15 = 385.15 K
Now we can plug in the values and solve for n:
n = PV/RT
n = (22.8 atm)(17 L)/(0.082 L·atm/mol·K)(385.15 K)
n ≈ 20.3 moles
Therefore, there are approximately 20.3 moles of Krypton in the cylinder.
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Solution A Solution B
Particle Size of Salt large clumps tiny grains
Temperature of Solvent cold water hot water
Level of Agitation slow stirring fast stirring
What conclusion can be drawn from these solutions?
A.
Solution A will take less time to dissolve, because gently stirring will allow it to combine more evenly.
B.
Solution B will take longer to dissolve and might have some undissolved salt remaining at the bottom of the solution due to the high temperature.
C.
Solution B will take less time to dissolve, because hot water will cause some of the salt to evaporate.
D.
Solution A will take longer to dissolve and might have some undissolved salt remaining at the bottom of the solution due to the low temperature
D. Solution A will take longer to dissolve and might have some undissolved salt remaining at the bottom of the solution due to the low temperature.
In Solution A, the salt is in large clumps, the solvent is cold water, and the agitation is slow stirring. These factors contribute to a slower dissolution process. Large clumps have less surface area exposed to the solvent, cold water has less energy to break the ionic bonds between salt ions, and slow stirring provides less agitation to promote dissolution.
Consequently, it will take longer for the salt to dissolve in Solution A, and there might be undissolved salt remaining at the bottom.
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Part A
Predict the sign of the entropy change, ΔS∘, for each of the reaction displayed.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
Help
Reset
Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→AgCl(s)
2KClO3(s)→2KCl(s)+3O2(g)
2N2O(g)→2N2(g)+O2(g)
2Mg(s)+O2(g)→2MgO(s)
C7H16(g)+11O2(g)→7CO2(g)+8H2O(g)
H2O(l)→H2O(g)
Positive
Negative
SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part
Part B
Calculate the standard entropy change for the reaction
2Mg(s)+O2(g)→2MgO(s)
using the data from the following table:
Substance ΔH∘f (kJ/mol) ΔG∘f (kJ/mol) S∘ [J/(K⋅mol)]
Mg(s) 0.00 0.00 32.70
O2(g) 0.00 0.00 205.0
MgO(s) -602.0 -569.6 27.00
Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ΔS∘ =
The standard entropy change for the reaction [tex]2Mg(s)+O_2(g)\rightarrow 2MgO(s)[/tex] is -405.6 J/(K⋅mol).
What is entropy ?Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder in a system. It is a thermodynamic property that can be used to measure the amount of energy that is unavailable for work in a thermodynamic process. Entropy is closely related to the second law of thermodynamics and can be used to assess the direction of a thermodynamic process. Entropy is also a measure of the amount of information contained in a system. High entropy systems have more randomness and disorder, while low entropy systems have less.
The entropy change for the reaction [tex]2Mg(s)+O_2(g) \rightarrow 2MgO(s)[/tex] is calculated using the following equation: [tex]\Delta S^\circ = \Sigma S^\circ products -\Sigma S^\circ reactants[/tex]
Substituting the values from the table:
[tex]\Delta S^\circ = (2 \times 27.00 J/(Kmol)) - (32.70 J/(Kmol) + 205.0 J/(Kmol))\\\Delta S^\circ = -405.6 J/(Kmol) .[/tex]
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yellow scale lichen on rock
a population
On a rock in coastal Maine, the fungus, the algae, and the bacteria make up which of the
following? Select all that apply.
part of a community
Lichen growing on a rock in coastal
Maine may appear to be a single
organism. But lichen is actually
formed when algae and fungi grow
together.
part of an ecosystem
These different organisms live
together in a symbiotic relationship. In
the yellow scale lichen, the fungus
provides protection, moisture, and
nutrients for the algae. The algae
carry out photosynthesis to produce
food that is used by the fungus.
Different type of bacteria may also live
within the fungus.
WILL MARK BRAINIEST
On a rock in coastal Maine, the fungus, the algae, and the bacteria make up part of an ecosystem.
What is ecosystem?An ecosystem consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact.
In the yellow scale lichen, the fungus provides protection, moisture, and nutrients for the algae. The algae carry out photosynthesis to produce food that is used by the fungus.
Ecosystem function is generally described as the capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs, either directly or indirectly.
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Help what’s the answer?
Calculate the specific heat in J/(g·ºC) of an unknown substance if a 2. 50-g sample releases 12. 0 cal as its temperature changes from 25. 0ºC to 20. 0ºC. ________J/(g·°C)
The specific heat in J/(g·ºC) of an unknown substance if a 2. 50-g sample releases 12. 0 cal as its temperature changes from 25. 0ºC to 20. 0ºC. 2.02 J/(g·ºC).
The specific heat of the unknown substance can be calculated using the formula:
q = m x c x ΔT
where q is the heat released, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
First, we need to convert the given heat release from calories to joules:
12.0 cal x 4.184 J/cal = 50.208 J
Next, we can plug in the given values and solve for c:
50.208 J = 2.50 g x c x (25.0°C - 20.0°C)
c = 2.02 J/(g·°C)
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The solubility of a gas is 0. 650 g/L at a pressure of 109 kPa. What is the solubility of the gas if the pressure is increased to 131 kPa?
The solubility of the gas increases to 0.780 g/L when the pressure is increased to 131 kPa.
According to Henry's law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid. Thus, we can use the following equation to calculate the new solubility:
S₂ ÷ S₁ = P₂ ÷ P₁
where S₁ is the initial solubility, S₂ is the new solubility, P₁ is the initial pressure, and P₂ is the new pressure.
Plugging in the given values, we have:
S₂ ÷ 0.650 g/L = 131 kPa ÷ 109 kPa
Solving for S₂, we get:
S₂ = (0.650 g/L) × (131 kPa ÷ 109 kPa)
S₂ = 0.780 g/L
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A balloon with 0. 50 L of nitrogen is placed in a freezer at 273 K. What will the new
volume be if the temperature of the balloon is raised to 325 K when removed from the
freezer?
The new volume of the balloon at a temperature of 325 K is approximately 0.59 L.
We use the combined gas law to solve this problem, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas;
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
where P is pressure, V is volume, and T temperature.
We know the initial volume (V₁) is 0.50 L and the initial temperature (T₁) is 273 K. We also know that the pressure remains constant, so we can set P₁ = P₂. Finally, we need to find V₂, the new volume at a temperature of T₂ = 325 K.
Substituting these values into the equation, we get;
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂
P₁ (0.50 L)/(273 K) = P₂ V₂/(325 K)
Simplifying, we get;
V₂ = (P₁/P₂) × (T₂/T₁) × V₁
We don't know the pressure of the gas, but we know it remains constant, so we can cancel it out;
V₂ = (T₂/T₁) × V₁
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
V₂ = (325 K/273 K) × 0.50 L
V₂ = 0.59 L
Therefore, the new volume of the balloon is 0.59 L.
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1. In a purple camote peel soaked with rubbing alcohol overnight and steel wool vinegar supernatant liquid. What is the explanation of the reaction or result when you add 2 teaspoons of supernatant liquid in the purple camote peel extract soaked with rubbing alcohol?
2. In flower alcoholic extract, bougainvillea petal soaked with rubbing alcohol overnight. What is the explanation of the reaction or result when you add 2 teaspoons of supernatant liquid in the flower alcoholic extract?
The reaction that takes place when 2 teaspoons of supernatant liquid is added to the purple camote peel extract soaked with rubbing alcohol overnight is the formation of a purple pigment.
The purple pigment is created when the alcohol and steel wool vinegar react with the camote peel extract to break down the cell walls and release the pigment. This reaction is further enhanced by the addition of the supernatant liquid, which helps to dissolve the pigment and make it more easily visible.
The reaction that takes place when 2 teaspoons of supernatant liquid is added to the flower alcoholic extract of bougainvillea petal soaked with rubbing alcohol overnight is the formation of a pinkish-red pigment.
The pinkish-red pigment is created when the alcohol and steel wool vinegar react with the petal extract to break down the cell walls and release the pigment. This reaction is further enhanced by the addition of the supernatant liquid, which helps to dissolve the pigment and make it more easily visible.
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Compare fires to explosions. What is one main difference between these two occurrences?
In fire, the energy released is slower as compared to the explosion in which the energy released is faster and more damaging.
Fires and Explosions are phenomena that releases a high amount of heat and light into their surrounding. Both of them causes the surroundings to burn down if they are not performed or caused in a controlled environment.
However, the main difference between the two is the rate at which the energy is released. In a fire, the energy which is released be it heat energy or light energy, the energy is released slowly through combustion as compared to explosions. Fires basically involve a sustained combustion process.
In an explosion the energy that is released at an extreme rate, it creates shockwaves that can cause damage significantly to its surrounding. Explosions are a one-time event.
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Arrange the acids h2se, h2te, and h2s in order of increasing acid strength.
The acid strength increases with increasing acidity, which is the tendency to donate a proton (H+). H2Te < H2Se < H2S
The acidity of an acid is related to its acid dissociation constant (Ka). The higher the Ka, the stronger the acid.
The Ka values for the given acids are:
H2S: Ka = [tex]9.0 × 10^-8[/tex]
H2Se: Ka = [tex]1.3 × 10^-8[/tex]
H2Te: Ka = [tex]3.3 × 10^-9[/tex]
Therefore, the order of increasing acid strength is:
H2Te < H2Se < H2S
This is because H2Te has the lowest Ka value, indicating that it is the weakest acid of the three. Conversely, H2S has the highest Ka value, indicating that it is the strongest acid of the three.
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Calculate the molarity of the solutions described below. Round all answers to 2 decimal places. Hint: Use molar mass and dimensional analysis to convert grams into moles. A) 100.0 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 3.0 L of solution. Answer: 0.57 M B) 72.5 g of sugar (C12H22O11) s dissolved in 1.5 L of solution. Answer: 0.13 M C) 125 g of aluminum sulfate is dissolved in 0.150 L of solution. Answer: M D) 1.75 g of caffeine (C8H10N4O2) is dissolved in 0.200 L of solution. Answer: M
Explanation:
A) To calculate the molarity of sodium chloride solution, we need to first convert the mass of sodium chloride into moles, using its molar mass of 58.44 g/mol:
100.0 g NaCl × (1 mol NaCl/58.44 g NaCl) = 1.71 mol NaCl
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 1.71 mol NaCl ÷ 3.0 L = 0.57 M
Therefore, the molarity of the sodium chloride solution is 0.57 M.
B) To calculate the molarity of sugar (C12H22O11) solution, we need to first convert the mass of sugar into moles, using its molar mass of 342.3 g/mol:
72.5 g C12H22O11 × (1 mol C12H22O11/342.3 g C12H22O11) = 0.212 mol C12H22O11
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 0.212 mol C12H22O11 ÷ 1.5 L = 0.13 M
Therefore, the molarity of the sugar solution is 0.13 M.
C) To calculate the molarity of aluminum sulfate solution, we need to first convert the mass of aluminum sulfate into moles, using its molar mass of 342.2 g/mol:
125 g Al2(SO4)3 × (1 mol Al2(SO4)3/342.2 g Al2(SO4)3) = 0.365 mol Al2(SO4)3
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 0.365 mol Al2(SO4)3 ÷ 0.150 L = 2.43 M
Therefore, the molarity of the aluminum sulfate solution is 2.43 M.
D) To calculate the molarity of caffeine (C8H10N4O2) solution, we need to first convert the mass of caffeine into moles, using its molar mass of 194.2 g/mol:
1.75 g C8H10N4O2 × (1 mol C8H10N4O2/194.2 g C8H10N4O2) = 0.009 mol C8H10N4O2
Then, we divide the number of moles by the volume of solution in liters to get the molarity:
Molarity = 0.009 mol C8H10N4O2 ÷ 0.200 L = 0.045 M
Therefore, the molarity of the caffeine solution is 0.045 M
Answer:
Hi and sorry.
But what is the question in that?
There is already answers so i don't know how to help you.
Explanation:
How many grams of calcium hydroxide will be formed in this reaction when 4.44 g of calcium oxide and 7.77 g of water are available to react? also identify the limiting an excess reactants. how much excess reactant is left over in grams?
Answer:
please provide more información or a photo
Explanation:
Of you want me to hwlp you please have more infor like a picture
A solution consisting of 11. 4 g NH4Cl in 150 ml of water is titrated with 0. 20 M KOH.
a. How many milliliters of KOH are required to reach the equivalence point?
b. Calculate {Cl-], [K+], and [NH3] at the equivalence point. Assume volumes are additive
a.It requires 1066 mL of 0.20 M KOH to reach the equivalence point.
b.The equivalence point, the concentration of [Cl-], [K+], and [[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]] in the solution, is 0.175 M.
What is the Equivalence point?
The chemical equivalent between the added titrant and the sample analyte is called the equivalence point in a titration.
a. We need to know how many moles of [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] are in the solution to calculate the volume of 0.20 M KOH needed to achieve the equivalence point.
First, we can determine how many moles [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] are present in the solution:
moles [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] = mass / molar mass
moles [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] = 11.4 g / 53.49 g/mol (molar mass of [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex])
moles [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] = 0.2132 mol
At the equivalence point, all the [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] has interacted with the KOH, resulting in an equal amount of moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] and [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]. This suggests that 0.2132 moles of KOH are also needed to react with [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] The volume of 0.20 M KOH required to react with 0.2132 mol can be determined using the equation for the reaction between [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] and KOH:
[tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] + KOH → [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] + KCl
moles KOH = moles [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex]
= 0.2132 mol
volume of KOH = moles KOH / concentration of KOH
= 0.2132 mol / 0.20 mol/L
= 1.066 L or 1066 mL
Therefore, 1066 mL of 0.20 M KOH is required to reach the equivalence point.
b. At the equivalence point, an equal amount of moles of KOH and [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex] interacted to create [tex]NH_{3}[/tex], [tex]H_{2}O[/tex], and KCl.
We may determine the concentration of [Cl-] and [K+] in the solution following the reaction at the equivalence point by assuming volumes are additive:
moles KCl = moles [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex]
= 0.2132 mol
volume of solution = 150 mL + volume of KOH added
= 150 mL + 1066 mL
= 1216 mL
= 1.216 L
[Cl-] = moles KCl / volume of solution
[Cl-] = 0.2132 mol / 1.216 L
[Cl-] = 0.175 M
[K+] = moles KCl / volume of solution
[K+] = 0.2132 mol / 1.216 L
[K+] = 0.175 M
The fact that the reaction between [tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex]and KOH is a one-to-one reaction can be used to compute the concentration of [[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]]. As a result, 0.2132 mol of NH3 is likewise created at the equivalence point. Using the overall volume of the solution, we can get the [[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]] concentration:
[[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]] = moles [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]/ total volume of solution
[[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]] = 0.2132 mol / 1.216 L
[[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]] = 0.175 M
Therefore, at the equivalence point, the concentration of [Cl-], [K+], and [[tex]NH_3}[/tex]] in the solution is 0.175 M.
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What mass of sucrose (C12H22011) must be burned in order to liberate
27,584 KJ?
Show all work
1674.64 g of sucrose must be burned to liberate 27,584 KJ.
To find the mass of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) that must be burned to liberate 27,584 KJ, you'll need to use the heat of combustion and the following equation:
mass of sucrose = (energy required) / (heat of combustion)
First, find the heat of combustion of sucrose. The heat of combustion of sucrose is approximately -5640 KJ/mol.
Next, convert the energy required from KJ to mol by dividing by the heat of combustion:
mol sucrose = 27,584 KJ / (-5640 KJ/mol) = -4.89 mol
(Note that the negative sign indicates the reaction is exothermic, but we're interested in the magnitude of the value, so we'll proceed with the absolute value.)
Now, calculate the molar mass of sucrose:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ = (12 × 12.01) + (22 × 1.01) + (11 × 16.00) = 144.12 + 22.22 + 176.00 = 342.34 g/mol
Finally, calculate the mass of sucrose by multiplying the moles by the molar mass:
mass of sucrose = 4.89 mol × 342.34 g/mol = 1674.64 g
So, approximately 1674.64 g of sucrose must be burned to liberate 27,584 KJ.
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3. A 385 g drinking glass is filled with a hot liquid. The liquid transfers 7032 J of energy to the glass. If the
temperature of the glass increases by from 12 to 24°C, what is the
specific heat of the glass?
The specific heat of the glass is 1.58 J/(g°C).
The specific heat of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass of the substance by one degree Celsius.
To find the specific heat of the glass, we can use the formula:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the amount of energy transferred to the glass, m is the mass of the glass, c is the specific heat of the glass, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the glass.
We are given:
m = 385 g
Q = 7032 J
ΔT = 24°C - 12°C = 12°C
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
7032 J = (385 g) c (12°C)
Solving for c, we get:
c = 7032 J / (385 g * 12°C)
c = 1.58 J/(g°C)
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PLEASE HELP QUICKLY
The diagram shows the potential energy changes for a reaction pathway. (10 points)
Part 1: Does the diagram illustrate an endothermic or an exothermic reaction? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Part 2: Describe how you can determine the total change in enthalpy and activation energy from the diagram and if each is positive or negative.
Part 1: This diagram depicts an endothermic reaction. Because the products have a higher potential energy than the reactants, energy is absorbed during the reaction.
Furthermore, the energy level of the products is greater than the reaction's activation energy, showing that energy must be given to the system for the reaction to occur.
Part 2: To calculate the total enthalpy change (H) from the diagram, subtract the energy of the reactants from the energy of the products. Because the energy of the products is greater than the energy of the reactants in an endothermic reaction, H will be positive.
To calculate the activation energy (Ea) from the diagram, subtract the energy of the reactants from the energy of the transition state. The activation energy is the smallest amount of energy required for the reaction to occur, hence it is the difference in energy between the reactants and the highest point on the diagram.
Ea will be positive in this situation because energy must be added to the system to achieve the transition state.
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The state of matter which has a definite shape but no definite volume is
(a) solid.
(b) liquid.
(c) gas.
(d) none of these
How does an atom with too many neutrons relative to protons undergo radioactive decay?.
An atom with too many neutrons relative to protons is said to be unstable and can undergo radioactive decay to become more stable. There are several types of radioactive decay, including alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
In alpha decay, the unstable atom emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This results in a new nucleus with two fewer neutrons and two fewer protons.
In beta decay, the unstable atom emits a beta particle, which is either an electron or a positron. When an atom emits an electron, one of its neutrons is converted into a proton, and the atomic number of the atom increases by one. When an atom emits a positron, one of its protons is converted into a neutron, and the atomic number of the atom decreases by one.
In gamma decay, the unstable atom emits a gamma ray, which is a high-energy photon. Gamma decay does not change the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus but instead releases excess energy.
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In the equation:
2h2 + o2 + 2h2o
a. 1 l of hydrogen reacts with 2 l of oxygen
b. 1 l of hydrogen reacts with 22.4 l of oxygen.
c. 22.4 l of hydrogen react with 1 l of oxygen
d. 2 l of hydrogen react with 1 l of oxygen
In the equation 2h2 + o2 + 2h2o, the two hydrogen molecules (H2) react with one oxygen molecule (O2) to form two molecules of water (H2O). This reaction is known as combustion and it requires a certain ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in order for the reaction to take place.
Here correct answer is D)
In this equation, the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1. This means that for every one liter of hydrogen, two liters of oxygen are needed in order for the reaction to take place.
In answer to the questions, a) one liter of hydrogen would react with two liters of oxygen, b) one liter of hydrogen would react with 22.4 liters of oxygen, c) 22.4 liters of hydrogen would react with one liter of oxygen, and d) two liters of hydrogen would react with one liter of oxygen.
This equation is a great example of the law of conservation of mass, as the total number of atoms on each side of the equation remain the same
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